初级中学英语被动语态说课备课教案.doc

,初中英语被动语态说课教案 说课人:韩炎第一步:帮助学生理解什么是被动语态？ 英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被”、“由”的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了。”，“这座楼房是由他们建造的。”如果主语是动作的执行者，谓语动词用主动语态。如果主语是动作的对象，谓语动词用被动语态。如：They speak English.他们讲英语。（主动语态）English is spoken by them.英语由他们讲。（被动语态）主语“英语”是“讲”的承受者，是被动句，动词用被动语态的形式。第二步:被动语态的结构那么，英语中被动语态是怎么样构成的呢？请看下面的例句（注意划线部分）： His bicycle was stolen. He was hit.（写出几个例句让学生自己观察总结出被动语态的结构）通过上面的例句，得出 “被动语态”的构成是：be + （及物动词的）过去分词（be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为系动词的变化完全一样。） 三:常用的时态的被动语态举例重点是要掌握be动词的各种时态变化。常用的时态的被动语态举例如下：（先让学生说出自己已经知道的时态的主动语态，再套用上面的被动语态的构成得出各种时态的被动语态） 1、 一般现在时的被动语态. am / is / are + 动词的过去分词（每一个时态造两个句子） Our classroom is cleaned every day. This car is made in China. 2、一般过去式的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词 His desk was cleaned just now. The station was built in 1928. 3、现在进行时的被动语态: am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词 A new factory is being built in our city now. Some trees are being cut down in the park. 4、过去进行时的被动语态: was / were + being + 动词的过去分词 A new factory was being built in our city at that time. Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year. 5、一般将来时的被动语态: (A) will / shall + be + 动词的过去分词 (B) am / is / are + going to be +动词的过去分词. Some new factories will be built in our city this year. Your watch is going to be mended in an hour. 6、现在完成时的被动语态:have / has + been + 动词的过去分词 Some new factories have been built in the city since last year. Your watch has been mended already. 7、含情态动词的被动式：can/may/must + be + done 例如：He can not be found. 四、如何将主动语态变成被动语态 1、从句子意义上说，就是重新找出“什么事物”是“被完成”的。 例1. 主动语态：人们说英语。People speak English in many countries.被动语态：英语被说。English is spoken in many countries. 2、从语法的角度说 (先变几个，让学生自己得出规律) 例1. 主动语态：小王邀请你(宾语) Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party. 被动语态：你(宾语)被邀请。 You has been invited to a lunch party by Xiao Wang. 例2. 主动语态:汤姆打了他(宾语) Tom hit him. 被动语态：他(宾语)被汤姆打了. He was hit by Tom.（ 注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。）得出 将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为：将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语；谓语动词变为“be及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态；主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。（有时by短语可以省略）五将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况： 1.主动语态：他们授给他(间接宾语)一枚奖章(直接宾语).They gave him a medal for his wonderful work. 被动语态：他(间接宾语)被授予一枚奖章. He was given a medal for his wonderful work. 被动语态：一枚奖章(直接宾语)被授给了他.A medal was given to him for his wonderful work.得出 含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。2. This dictionary mustnt _ from the libraryAtake awayBtaken awayCare taken awayDbe taken awayD得出 短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。3.Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday（变被动）He _ _ _ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday（填was seen to）得出 含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。（注意：省略to的不定式作宾补时，不定式符号to必须补上，例如：see hear watch feel notice let make 等。）4The radio says a wild animal zoo is to _ in our cityAbe buildingBbuildCbe builtDbuiltC得出 不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为“to be 过去分词”。5（省略）以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语，但仍然放在句子开头。例如：Who has broken the cup？（改为被动语态）By whom has the cup been broken？六：主动形式表被动意义。1）某些感官动词和系动词接形容词可以表示被动意义。如：look, smell, taste, feel, wear, sound等Her bedroom looks very clean and tidy.她的卧室看起来非常干净和整洁。2）动名词的主动形式表示被动语态。如：want, deserve, need, require, take, worth等The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。The children need looking after.孩子们需要照看。3)某些作表语的形容词后，用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。The conversation is hard to understand.对这话很难理解。The fish is not easy to fish.鱼不容易钓。七：不用被动语态的情况：1.不及物动词不用于被动语态：Appear, rise, die, happen, occur, lie, depart, belong to, break out, take place等不及物动词不能用于被动语态。2.表状态的及物动词不用于被动语态常见的有：hold, have, cost, contain, become, ail, look like等如：We will have a meeting.(主动语态) 变被动 A meeting will be had by us.(错误)3.某些动词的进行时可表被动The meat is cooking.肉在煮着。The cakes are baking,蛋糕在烘。The book is printing.这本书正在印刷。4.主动句的宾语是each other,或者反身代词时不用于被动语态。例如:The man introuduce himself as Mr.White.They help each other to study English.被动语态练习题1. Chinese _ by the largest number of peopleAspeakBis speakingCspeaksDis spoken（选D。考查一般现在时的被动语态）2. The boy _ to get supper ready after schoolAwere toldBis tellingCwas toldDtells（选C。考查一般过去时的被动语态）3. A lot of new roads _ built in the west of ChinaAmustBmust beChasDhave（选B。考查含情态动词的被动语态）4.The tree _ _ by that boy（树被那个男孩折断了）（填was broken）5. You must throw the broken pottery away at onceThe broken pottery _ _ _ _ at once（同义句）（填must be thrown away）6.Her mother gave her a new pen（变被动语态）A new pen _ _ _ her by her mother牢记（相关）句型初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有：1be covered with被覆盖2be made of由制作（发生物理变化）be made from由制作（发生化学变化）be made in由（某地）制造be made by被（某人）制造3be used for被用来be used as被当作（作为）来使用be used to do sth被用来做某事4It is said that据说It is hoped that希望It is well known that众所周知例如：1.Your coat looks niceIs it _ cotton？YesIts _ShanghaiAmade of；made byBmade of；made inCmade for；made byDmade for；made inB2. This machine is used _ the room wetAfor keepingBas keepingCkeepDto keeping3. 据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。_ _ _ that _ _ is being _ over the Changjiang River in Nanjing（填It is said；another bridge；built）4. She will take good care of the children（变被动语态）The children will _ _ _ _ _ （by her）（填be taken good care of）