不规则动词过去式变化规律.doc
,不规则动词的一些变化规则 不规则动词的变化规则作了归纳整理,分为以下几类,便于同学们更好地记忆。1三种动词形式变化(即原形,过去式,过去分词)一致的cast-cast-castcost-cost-costcut-cut-cuthit-hit-hithurt-hurt-hurtlet-let-letput-put-putset-set-setshut-shut-shutbroadcast-broadcast-broadcastbet-bet-betburst-burst-burstshed-shed-shedrid-rid-ridspread-spread-spreadread-read-readread这个单词的过去式和过去分词虽然形式上和动词原形是一致的,但是发音有所变化,/ri:d/-/red/-/red/。2.省略原形动词中两个相同的字母中的其中一个,然后在词尾叫-tweep-wept-weptsleep-slept-sleptsweep-swept-sweptcreep-crept-creptfeel-felt-feltkneel-knelt-kneltsmell-smelt-smeltdwell-dwelt-dweltspell-spelt-speltspill-spilt-spilt 这一类动词也有一个特点,那就是有字母组合-ee或者ll;同样的,也并不是说有这样的字母组合的不规则动词都是这样的变形了。flee-fled-fled,也基本符合这个规则,我们把它归入此类,不过它的过去式和过去分词是在词尾加-d例外的动词也有,比如:swell-swelled-swelled/swollen3省略原形动词中两个相同字母中的其中一个,speed-sped-spedfeed-fed-fedbleed-bled-bledmeet-met-metshoot-shot-shotlead-led-ledmislead-misled-misledplead-pled-pled这类动词也是以字母-d或者-t结尾,中间的字母组合多数是-ee,当然这里把shoot和lead作为这一类归纳进去了。4.把原形动词的最后一个字母-d改成-tsend-sent-sentlend-lent-lentbend-bent-bentrend-rent-rentspend-spent-spentbuild-built-built这类动词的规则当然必须是以字母-d结尾的了。多数是-end这样的结尾。这里把build也归入了这一类了。而tend 和mend属于规则变化的动词5动词原形中有-ow,-aw,这些字母组合的,过去式中把这些组合改成-ew,过去分词在动词原形上再加字母-nblow-blew-blowngrow-grew-grownknow-knew-knownthrow-threw-throwndraw-drew-drawn这里特别要提醒同学们注意的是,flewflown并不是动词flow的过去式和过去分词,而是动词fly的过去式和过去分词,而动词flow是一个规则动词,它的过去式和过去分词是flowed-flowed:fly-flew-flownflow-flowed-flowed另外,有-ow字母组合的动词slow 也是规则变化。另一些的有-ow,-ew字母组合的不规则动词变化是过去式加-ed,过去分词在原形动词的基础上加-n,例如:show-showed-shownsow-sowed-sownmow-mowed-mownsew-sewed-sewnhew-hewed-hewn6原形动词中含有字母组合-ind的,在过去式和过去分词中都变成-oundfind-found-foundwind-wound-woundbind-bound-boundgrind-ground-ground当然,这一类动词中也有一些例外,比如,mind就是一个规则变化的动词。7动词原形中有字母组合-in或者-ing或者-ink,过去式中把字母-i变成-a,过去分词中把-i变成-ubegin-began-begunsing-sang-sungring-rang-rungspring-sprang-sprungsink-sank-sunkdrink-drank-drunkswim-swam-swum这里,我们把swim也归入了此类动词,而像link这个动词也是例外,是一个规则变化的动词。而think是另一种变化的不规则动词,可以参看第九点。此外,以-ing结尾的不规则动词,还有一种变化方式是将字母-i改成-u,过去式和过去分词一致,例如:cling-clung-clungfling-flung-flungsting-stung-stungstring-strung-strungswing-swung-swungsling-slung-slung另外,动词shrink既可以归入此类中的上面一种情况shrink-shrank-shrunk,也可以归入后一种情况shrink-shrunk-shrunk,而slink只属于后一种情况,slink-slunk-slunk8不规则动词以-m,-n,-l,-r结尾的,过去式和过去分词在原形动词词尾加-t或者-dmean-meant-meantleanleant-leantlearn-learnt-learntdream-dreamt-dreamtburn-burnt-burntdeal-dealt-dealtspoil-spoilt-spoilthear-heard-heard这类动词大多有两种方式变化,既可以在词尾加-t,也可以加-ed,例如:learn-learnt/learned-learnt/learned过去式和过去分词都有-ought的think-thought-thoughtfight-fought-foughtbuy-bought-boughtbring-brought-broughtseek-sought-sought另外有两个动词,原形动词以-ch结尾的,过去式和过去分词都有-aught的,我们也把它们归入了此类teach-taught-taughtcatch-caught-caught10.动词原形是以元音字母-i加辅音字母加不发音的-e结尾的,一般是在过去式中将字母改成-o,过去分词在原形动词基础上加-n,或者双写这个辅音字母再加-narise-arose-arisenrise-rose-risenride-rode-riddenwrite-wrote-writtensmite-smote-smittendrive-drove-drivenstrive-strove-strivengive-gave-given这里我们把give也将就归纳入内了。另一种情况是,过去分词中去掉这个不发音的-e,然后过去分词双写这个辅音字母再加-n的,例如:hide-hid-hiddenbite-bit-bitten2 |动词slide的变化又有点不一样,slide-slid-slid。11.动词原形中有-ea或者-ee或者-oo的字母组合的不规则动词,动词过去式是将这个字母组合改成-o,然后在词尾加-e,过去分词是在过去式的基础上再加-n,例如:break-broke-brokenspeak-spoke-spokensteal-stole-stolenweave-wove-woventread-trod-troddenfreeze-froze-frozenchoose-chose-chosenwake-woke-wokenawake-awoke-awoken这里我们把wake和它的同根词也归入其中。动词leave是一个例外leave-left-left12.动词原形中有字母组合-ay的,过去式和过去分词改成-aid,例如:say-said-saidpay-paid-paidlay-laid-laid当然,may是一个例外,may-might-might13.情态动词只有过去式的变化will-wouldcan-couldshall-shouldmay在这一类中还是一个例外,may-might-might14.变动动词原形中的元音字母的win-won-wondig-dug-dugspin-spun-spunstick-stuck-stuckhang-hung-hung(悬挂)hold-held-heldsit-sat-satspit-spat-spatshine-shone-shone15.另外还有一些都有相同的字母组合,变化相同的,因为例子较少,我们把它们列在一起,作为一组一组来记忆。shake-shook-shakenforsake-forsook-forsaken(make是例外,make-made-made,take-took-takenbake是规则变化)mistake-mistook-mistakenwear-wore-wornbear-bore-borntear-tore-torn(例外的动词fear, hear等)swear-swore-swornsell-sold-soldtell-told-toldstand-stood-stoodunderstand-understood-understoodmisunderstand-misunderstood-misunderstoodcome-came-comebecome-became-becometovercome-overcame-overcomeget-got-gottenforget-forgot-forgottengo-went-goneundergo-underwent-undergone要补充说明一点的是,不规则动词加了前缀之后,它的变化和它的同根词变化相同。例如:do-did-doneoverdo-overdid-overdone还有一点建议给大家,在记忆不规则动词时,最好把三个形式作为一个整体来记忆,这样印象会比较深刻,在做题目和自己运用时才不会出错。而且尚有一些还无法归类的动词,只能靠大家死记硬背了lie-lay-lain (tie,die规则变化)run-ran-runbeat-beat-beatenstrike-struck-struck