高考英语一轮复习阅读理解专项练习.docx

学校：_姓名：_班级：_考号：_一、阅读理解1.A cheap printed sensor could transmit wildfire warnings. Wildfires have recently destroyed regions across the world, and their gravity is increasing. Hoping to reduce harm, researchers led by Yapei Wang, a Chinese chemist of Renmin University, say they have developed an inexpensive sensor to detect such fires earlier with less effort.Current detection methods rely heavily on human watchfulness, which can delay an effective response. Most wildfires are reported by the general public, and other alerts come from routine foot patrols and watchtower observers. Passing planes and satellites also occasionally spot something, but "the fire first appears on the ground," Wang says. "When you see the fire from the sky, it is too late."The team says its new sensor can be placed near tree trunks bases and send a wireless signal to a nearby receiver if there is a dramatic temperature increase. That heat also powers the sensor itself, without replacing batteries. The team printed the substances onto ordinary paper to create a sensor for just $ 0.40.But improving coordination among the different agencies involved in firefighting is even more crucial to address, says Graham Kent, an earthquake expert at the University of Nevada, Reno, who was not part of the study. Kent is director of ALERT Wildfire, a network that uses cameras and crowd sourcing to watch for fires in California, Nevada and Oregon. "The whole way that you respond to a fire until its put out is like a ballet," he says. "Youd have to choreograph(设计)it just so, with resources precisely used at the right time and place and in the right order from detection to confirmation to assignment to extinguishment(熄灭). Fire detection is just step one."Wang says his teams next steps are to extend the devices signal range beyond the current 100 meters, which can limit practical use, and to develop a protective shield for it. The transmitters effectiveness, he notes, will also need to be examined in the field ahead.1.What does the underlined word "gravity" in paragraph 1 probably mean?A.Pull.B.Extinction.C.Popularity.D.Severity.2.What do we know about the sensor?A.Its price remains high.B.Its batteries are replaceable.C.It can detect fires earlier and easier.D.It can reduce firefighters pain.3.What does Kent mean in paragraph 4?A.Firefighting is easy but crucial.B.Fire detection resources are rich.C.Putting out a fire is an orderly activity.D.Technology is the key to extinguishing a fire.4.Whats the plan for the new sensor according to Wang?A.Improving and testing it.B.Limiting its use and transmission.C.Examing and reducing its signal range.D.Getting it on the market ahead of time.2.Improvements to energy efficiency, such as LED lights, are seen by many authorities as a top priority for cutting carbon emissions. Yet a growing body of research suggests that a rebound effect could wipe out more than half of the savings from energy efficiency improvements, making the goals of the Paris Agreement on climate change even harder to hit.A team led by Paul Brockway at the University of Leeds, UK, looked at the existing 33 studies on the impact of the rebound effect. First comes the direct rebound: for instance,when someone buys a more efficient car, they may take advantage of that by driving it further. Then comes the indirect rebound: fuel savings leave the owner with more money to spend elsewhere in the economy, consuming energy.Although the 33 studies used different methods to model the rebound effect, they produced very consistent estimates of its impact, leading the team to conclude that the effect wipes out, on average, 63 percent of the anticipated energy savings.“Were not saying energy efficiency doesnt work. What were saying is rebound needs to be taken more seriously,” says Brockway.The idea that increased efficiency may not deliver the hoped-for savings dates back to the Jevons paradox(悖论), named after the economist William Stanley Jevons, who, in 1865,observed that more efficient coal use led to more demand for coal.If the rebound effect does prove to be as big as suggested, it means future global energy demand will be higher than expected and the world will need far more wind and solar power and carbon-capture technology than is currently being planned for.But that doesnt mean nothing can be done to limit the rebound effect. One answer is to double down on energy efficiency and do twice as much to achieve the same effect.1.Which of the following is a rebound effect?A.A man uses LED lights to cut carbon emissions.B.A company uses coal more efficiently to reduce waste.C.A family saves money by using energysaving devices.D.A lady spends savings from her fuel efficient car on more clothes.2.How did Paul Brockways team carry out their research?A.By interviewing economists.B.By analyzing former studies.C.By modeling the rebound effect.D.By debating about the Jevons paradox.3.What would Paul Brockway probably agree with?A.Authorities should dismiss energy efficiency.B.Worldwide efforts to preserve energy are in vain.C.The rebound effect helps protect the environment.D.More attention should be paid to the rebound effect.4.Whats the authors attitude towards limiting the rebound effect?A.Positive.B.Pessimistic.C.Doubtful.D.Disapproving.3. We can recognize our friends faces. Many social animals can also identify individuals of their own species by their facial features. Thats important, because they need to be able to adjust their behavior depending on who they meet. And research has shown that some species of monkeys, birds, and domesticated(驯养的) animals can even distinguish among different faces by looking at photographs alone. Scientists have also wondered whether domesticated animals that have coexisted with people for thousands of years can recognize different human faces. La Lansade ofFrances National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment is one of them. Her experiment on horses provides insight into this. She and her team first taught the horses how to "choose" between two side-by-side images by touching their noses to a computer screen. The horses were then shown photos of their present keeper alongside faces of unfamiliar humans. They had never seen photos of any of the people before. The horses correctly identified their present keeper and ignored the strangers face about 75% of the time, significantly better than chance. Whats more, the horses also preferentially picked photos of their previous keeper a person they hadnt seen in six months. In fact, even though the horses didnt get it right every single time, they were at least as accurate in picking out their previous keeper as they were in identifying their present one. The results suggest that not only can horses distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar human faces, but they know that photographs are two-dimensional representations of real life, without any other cues(提示) like sound. And theyre even better at this than our oldest animal companion, the domestic dog. So maybe think twice before doing anything at a stable(马厩) that might give a horse a long face. After all, the horse could probably "remember" you.1. What does the author say about mans ability to recognize friends faces?A. Its not unique to man.B. Its an inborn ability.C. Its mans most vital ability.D. Its superior to that of animals.2. Why did La Lansade and her team do the experiment?A. To teach horses to recognize human faces.B. To study horses ability to identify human faces.C. To make horses distinguish between their keepers.D. To figure out similarities between man and horses.3. How does the author sound in writing the last paragraph?A. Academic.B. Dramatic.C. Cautious.D. Humorous.4. What is the best title for the text?A. Human Faces Are Familiar to HorsesB. Horses Recognize Keepers PicturesC. Horses Read Mans Facial ExpressionsD. Mans Sound Helps Horses Select Photos4.Pachyrhynchus weevils(球背象鼻虫)are found on most islands in the eastern Pacific Ocean. If these weevils could fly. that would not be surprising. But they cannot. Why they are so widespread is therefore unknown. But it is one that Dr Huang Wenshan from Taiwan.China thinks he has solved.One theory. which dates back to 1923. is that the insects are lifted up by a tiny air cavity(气腔)cach has beneath its outer shell. which allows the insects to float.Dr Huang s research into the weevils began when he noted that this theory had never been tested. He discovered. when he put it to the test. that the insects do. indeed, float. But floating in seawater does not do them much good. In his test. all 57 adults died within two days,Clearly.adult weevils are not good sailors. That does not.however. mean that young weevils are not.Pactyrhyochas weevils have a preference for laying their eggs inside the fruit of a plant called the fish-poison tree. This reminds us of coconut trees. They drop their fruits into the ocean. which carries them away to start growing on distant beaches. Coconuts are protected from being eaten on their travels by having a hard. thick shell. Fish-poison-tree fruits are also protected from hungry sea creatures. But in their case, as their name suggests. the protection is chemical.Given the relationship between the insects and the plant. Dr Huang wondered how their larvae(幼虫) would get along if they were deep inside a piece of fruit floating in seawater. So he tested this as well. His experiment showed that such larvae are tolerant of salty conditions. Out of 18 larvae thrown into seawater inside a piece of fruit, two survived for six days. Moreover. these larvae went on to develop into healthy. Sexually mature adults. Two larvae out of 18 surviving for six days at sea might not sound particularly impressive. But Dr Huang argues that such numbers would easily support island colonization(定殖)。He observes,for example, that the Kuroshio Current, which carries water from the Philippines,past Japan and onwards into the Pacific. moves so swiftly that a piece of fruit caught in it could easily travel 90km in a day - thus solving the question of how a flightless insect can island-hop so effectively.1.What did the 1923 theory suggest about Pachyrhynchus weevils?A.They are able to fly very high.B.They are able to float in water.C.They lay their eggs inside a fruit.D.They are widespread in the Pacific Ocean.2.What can be concluded about fish- poison- tree fruits?A.They are the food of hungry sea creatures.B.They provide shelter for young weevils.C.They are under the protection of thick shells.D.They travel a long way to grow on distant beaches.3.What play(s) a key role in helping fish- poison -tree fruits move fast?A.The Kuroshio Current.B.Pachyrhynchus weevils.C.The salty conditions of the sea.D.The islands in the eastern Pacific Ocean.4.From which section of a magazine are we most likely to find the text?A.Travel.B.Science.C.Health.D.Environment.5.Spending over a year in the bleak (荒凉的) Antarctica might change your brain for the worse, according to a new research out this month. It seems to show that polar explorers who lived for 14 months at an Antarctica research station experienced brain shrinkage(缩小), likely as a result of their loneliness and boredom.The studys authors used MRI (核磁共振) to scan the brains of eight members of a team before they began a long stay at the German-run research station. During their mission. the team periodically took tests of their cognition and memory and provided blood samples that allowed the study authors to measure their levels of a protein important for brain health called brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). When they returned, they had their brains scanned again.Finally, compared to themselves before the mission, the explorers brains appeared to have less grey matter on average. The shrinkage was most apparent in the hippocampus, in the area of the brain key to memory and cognition. Their average levels of BDNF also dropped during the trip and didnt improve significantly even after one-and-a-half months back home.The studys findings, published in The New England Journal of Medicine, arent the first to suggest that long time of being separated can change the brain. But practically all of this work has involved animals, according to the researchers.Of course, an eight-person study is small, so any of its conclusions should be taken with caution. Lead author Alexander C. Stahn, now a researcher at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, said that the effects on the hippocampus are likely temporary, provided the scientists returned to a life filled with social interaction and interesting things to see.Still, since people will continue traveling to and from Antarctica for long periods of time, the findings are definitely worth keeping in mind and exploring further. They might even prove relevant for the rare few people who might travel as far as Mars in the future perhaps the only similarly scientific, months-long mission that would be even more lonely.1.What will do damage to the brain according to the first paragraph?A.Doing research in brain shrinkageB.Traveling to the Antarctica.C.Working as a researcher in a station.D.Being in a lonely place for a long time.2.How did the scientists get the conclusion?A.By comparing the scanned results.B.By studying the previous figures.C.By making a long-term program.D.By scanning the participants brains.3.What can we infer about the explorers when they returned?A.They were no longer used to the civilized world.B.They had some difficulty in remembering things.C.They became normal after one-and-a-half months.D.They published their findings in a medical magazine.4.What is the last paragraph mainly about?A.The importance of the finding.B.The disadvantage of the finding.C.The future development of the space.D.The possibility of travelling to Mars.6.ESSEXSorrowful families in Vietnam are struggling to bring home the bodies of loved ones who died in a refrigerated truck while trying to illegally enter the United Kingdom on Oct23. Many of the relatives of the 39 people who died in the freezing, airless vehicle are too poor to bring the bodies back to Vietnam.Ten of the 39 victims were from the Can Loc district of Ha Tinh province, where Bui Huy Cuong is deputy chairman of the peoples committee. He told the Guardian Newspaper that officials have visited bereaved (新近丧失亲人的)families to encourage them to receive ashes, instead of bodies, because it would be cheaper. But he said families want bodies so they can be honored in traditional funerals and are hoping the authorities will pay. "At the moment, we are not sure if