2019版高考英语一轮基础习选题Unit5Music含解析新人教版必修2.doc
Unit 5 Music李仕才一、阅读理解Joseph Goldberger was a doctor for the United States Public Health Service and he was an advocate for scientific and social recognition of the links between poverty and disease.In 1914，Goldberger was asked by US Surgeon General Rupert Blue to study a skin disease that was killing thousands of people in the South.The disease was pellagra(糙皮病)Goldberger traveled to the state of Mississippi where many people suffered from pellagra.He studied the victims and their families.Most of the people lived a hard life.The doctor came to believe that the disease didn't pass on from one to another，but was instead related to food.He received permission from the state governor to test this idea at a prison.Prisoners were offered pardons if they took part.One group of prisoners received their usual foods，mostly corn products.A second group ate meat，fresh vegetables and drank milk.Members of the first group developed pellagra.The second group did not.But some medical researchers refused to accept Goldberger's idea.For the South，pellagra was more than simply a medical problem.There were other things，including Southern pride.So Goldberger had himself injected(注射)with blood from a person with pellagra.He also took liquid from the nose and throat of a pellagra patient and put them into his own nose and throat.He even swallowed pills that contained skin from pellagra patients.An assistant also took part in the experiments.So did Goldberger's wife.None of them got sick.Joseph Goldberger died of cancer in 1929.He was fiftyfive years old.Several years later，researchers discovered the exact cause of pellagra：a lack of vitamin B3 known as niacin.1Who were easy targets of pellagra according to Goldberger?APeople in America.BPeople put into prison.CPeople having a poor diet.DPeople touching pellagra patients.2What did Goldberger want to prove by the experiments mentioned in Paragraph 4?APellagra wasn't so terrible.BPellagra didn't spread.CPellagra could be cured.DPellagra wasn't a medical problem.3Which words can be used to describe Goldberger?ADevoted and determined.BSelfless and friendly.CPatient and expert.DStubborn and enthusiastic.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国医生Joseph Goldberger研究糙皮病的患病原因的过程。Joseph Goldberger医生的认真、牺牲精神令人感动。【难句分析】The doctor came to believe that the disease didn't pass on from one to another，but was instead related to food.分析：本句是一个含有that引导的宾语从句的主从复合句。that 从句中，but连接两个并列的谓语。译文：这位医生渐渐相信这种病不是传染性的，而是与食物有关。1C考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Most of the people lived a hard life.the disease didn't pass on from one to another，but was instead related to food”，再结合Goldberger在监狱进行的实验的内容可知，在Joseph Goldberger看来，糙皮病和食物有关，而且患者大多生活条件差；再结合实验中提到的主要吃玉米制品的犯人最后患上了该病可知，不良的饮食容易导致人们患糙皮病。2B考查推理判断。根据第二段中提到的Goldberger认为糙皮病不是传染病以及第四段中提到的他为了证明自己的观点而进行的实验的内容(将患糙皮病的人的血液注射到自己的体内、将糙皮病病人的鼻腔和口腔中的液体放入自己的鼻腔和口腔以及吞咽含有糙皮病病人的皮肤组织的药丸)和结果(他没患病)可推知，Goldberger进行实验是为了证明糙皮病不传染。3A考查推理判断。文中提到的Goldberger在监狱及在他自己身上做实验的内容表明他全心全意地投入到对糙皮病的研究中，有奉献精神；尽管一些人不认可Goldberger的观点，但他仍坚持自己的看法并坚决地去证明自己的观点是正确的，这体现出他意志坚定。故选A。二、单句语法填空1The meeting didn't break _until noon.答案：upbreak up “结束；解散”。2She buried her head under the covers, _(pretend) to be asleep.答案：pretending此处She与pretend之间是主动关系，且pretend表示的动作几乎与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，故用现在分词pretending作伴随状语。3The process is _(pain), but the result is desirable. Remember: no pains, no gains.答案：painful此处形容词painful “痛苦的”，作表语。4She was efficient and _(rely), so we all liked her very much.答案：reliable此处形容词reliable “可靠的”，作表语。5He was full of _(confident) that he would be admitted to the famous university.答案：confidencefull of confidence “充满信心”。6It is hard for migrant workers _(earn) a living, especially during the present financial crisis.答案：to earn此处to earn a living是不定式短语作主语，句首It是形式主语。7The old are very _(attach) to old customs and habits.答案：attachedbe attached to “依恋”。8Tom and his twin sisters are going to put on a _ (perform) tomorrow evening.答案：performanceput on a performance “演出”。9To be great, you must be smart, confident, and, _all, honest.答案：aboveabove all为固定短语，意为“最重要；首先”。10(2017·北京高考)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.答案：whose本空需要关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，句子还原后的表达是one of its purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation，这里把作定语的人称代词its改为whose，引导定语从句并在从句中作定语，指代前面的名词the World Food Programme，因此填whose。三、完形填空Kobe Bryant, a super basketball star, announced that he would retire at the end of the 201516 season via a letter poem. In the letter, he _1_ the moment he started rolling his dads tube socks and shooting _2_ game-winning shots, indicating his deep love for basketball.“This season is all I have left to give,” the 37-year-old wrote, “My heart can take the pounding. My mind can _3_ the grind(苦差)but my _4_ knows its time to say goodbye.”As the only son of Joe Bryant, a former NBA player, Bryant was crazy about basketball and started _5_ in at 6, and his favorite team growing up was the Lakers. Bryant earned national _6_ during an amazing high school career and his basketball skills would have ensured _7_ to any college he chose, but he decided to go directly into the NBA. He finally made it and was _8_ out of high school in 1996 and was then traded to the Lakers, for which he has played his entire career._9_, Bryant played limited minutes, but as the season continued, he began to see some more playing time and in his second season, he began to show more of his abilities as a talented young guard. The 199899 season _10_ Bryants appearance as a premier guard in the league. _11_, even at an early stage of his career, sportswriters were comparing his skills to those of Michael Jordan and Magic Johnson.There are always different interpretations of Bryant, making him the most _12_ figure in modern sports, a combination of hero and villain(反面人物). He received criticism for getting his _13_ in the games, completely neglecting his teammates; he was suspended _14_ deliberately breaking rules; he was even charged by the court with sex assault. _15_, with 17 NBA All-Star selections, five NBA championships with the Lakers, two Olympic gold medals, Kobe has brought his fans _16_ memories. His best days are long _17_ him indeed, but the way he approaches the game as well as life is always glamorous.Weve always known, and _18_ are mentally prepared, that one day Kobe Bryant will not be _19_. Yet his retirement note still caught us off guard. It simply _20_ when farewell words are uttered(说出)from one of the all-time greats in basketball.语篇解读：文章主要讲述科比退役一事，并由此介绍了科比的详细情况。1.A. remembered B. recalled C. recorded D. retold【答案】B 【解析】recall意为“回忆”，符合语境，即指他回忆当年的情况。2.A. imaginary B. original C. practical D. contemporary【答案】A 【解析】imaginary想象的；original原始的，原有的；practical实际的；contemporary现代的，当代的，同一时代的。根据该空前面的“rolling his Dads tube socks and shooting”可知，他当年是用他爸爸的圆筒短袜当球打的，所以只能算是想象中的比赛。3.A. treat B. operate C. compete D. handle【答案】D【解析】handle意为“处理；应付”，符合语境，即“我”的思想上可以受得了这种苦差。4.A. coach B. soul C. body D. teammates【答案】C【解析】body与前面的mind相对应，即思想上承受得了这个苦差，但是身体上承受不了，要退役了。5.A. involving B. diving C. participating D. throwing【答案】B【解析】dive in为固定搭配，意为“开始(从事)”，符合语境，即他从6岁开始打球。6.A. confirmation B. recognition C. realization D. recommendation【答案】B7.A. permission B. occupation C. admission D. submission【答案】C【解析】admission在这里意为“录取”，即凭借他篮球方面的技能，他可以被任何一所他所选择的大学录取。8.A. drafted B. removed C. substituted D. employed【答案】A【解析】draft本义为“征募”，在这里表示“被选中”，符合语境，即他被NBA选中。9.A. Previously B. Frequently C. Basically D. Initially【答案】D【解析】initially意为“开始；最初”。起初，Bryant锻炼有限的时间，后来慢慢增加练习时间。previously 先前地；frequently 频繁地，经常地；basically基本地。10.A. represented B. symbolized C. marked D. reflected【答案】C【解析】mark.as.为固定搭配，意为“把标志为”，符合语境，即19981999年是Bryant事业突飞猛进的时期。11.A. In addition B. In fact C. Therefore D. Then【答案】B【解析】根据上下文内容可知，用in fact承接。事实上，早在他的事业刚起步时，有关报道者便将他的技巧与乔丹等相提并论了。12.A. outstanding B. ridiculous C. controversial D. honourable【答案】C 【解析】outstanding杰出的；ridiculous可笑的；controversial有争议的；authentic真实的。根据后半句中的“a combination of hero and villain”可知，他是一个有争议的人物，因此选C。13.A. way B. scores C. manner D. benefit【答案】A【解析】get ones way为固定短语，意为“随心所欲”，符合语境，即批评他打球没有团队合作精神，随心所欲、单打独斗。14.A. in response to B. in terms of C. on account of D. in the absence of【答案】C【解析】on account of意为“因为”，符合语境，即他因为故意违规而被停赛。15.A. Instead B. MeanwhileC. Otherwise D. However【答案】D16.A. boring B. disappointing C. shocking D. thrilling【答案】D【解析】boring枯燥无味的；disappointing令人失望的；shocking令人震惊的；thrilling刺激的，令人激动的。根据上下文可知，D项正确，即科比总给他的粉丝激动的感觉。17.A. above B. before C. behind D. beyond【答案】C【解析】他的辉煌已成过去。18.A. more or less B. sooner or later C. now and then D. by and by【答案】A 【解析】more or less意为“或多或少地”，符合语境。我们或多或少地在思想上做好了准备。sooner or later 迟早；now and then不时地；by and by不久以后。19.A. around B. here C. there D. about【答案】A20.A. works B. hurts C. suffers D. separates【答案】B【解析】当科比说再见时，大家会感到心痛。根据句意可知，B项正确。四、单句改错1Her devotion in the job left her with very little free time._答案：intodevotion名词“奉献；热爱”常与to搭配。2Help in form of money will be very welcome._答案：in后加thein the form of “以形式”。3This is a kind of flower familiar with many of us._答案：withtoSth. is familiar to sb. “某物是某人所熟知的”。4My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time._答案：dreams后加of或aboutdream of/about “梦想”。5He is so diligent that he never goes anywhere with a book._答案：withwithoutnever . without . 是双重否定表达肯定含义的用法。8
