2019_2020学年高中英语Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestarsSectionⅡLearningaboutLanguage课时作业新人教版必修3.doc
Section Learning about Language.语法填空1That the universe began with the “big bang” has been widely accepted.解析：句意：宇宙开始于“大爆炸”已被广泛接受。从句中意义完整，只需要引导词。2It has been proved that having a balanced diet helps to keep healthy.解析：句意：据证明拥有一个均衡的饮食有助于保持健康。it为形式主语，后面从句为真正的主语，且从句意义完整。3It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.解析：句意：英语正被接受成为国际性语言是一个事实。此处用it作形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。4What made the parents proud was that their son had been admitted to a key university.解析：句意：让父母自豪的是儿子考上一所重点大学。第一个空用what引导主语从句，what在该从句中充当主语；was后为表语从句，该从句中不缺少任何成分，故用that引导，且不可省略。5It worried him a bit that his memory was becoming worse.解析：句意：他的记忆力正在变差让他有点担心。it为形式主语，真正的主语从句中不缺少任何成分，故用that引导主语从句，且不可省略。6Whether their flight will arrive on time is what they are concerned about.解析：句意：他们的航班是否准时到达是他们所担心的。根据语境，主语从句应用whether引导，表示未定的事；what引导表语从句，在从句中作are concerned about的宾语。7What makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.解析：句意：使这本书如此出色的是作者的创造性的想象力。主语从句缺少主语要用what引导。8When and why he came here is not known yet.解析：句意：他什么时候以及为什么来这儿还不知道。when and why引导的从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。9He left home several days ago.Where he has gone worries many people and is to be found out.解析：考查从句的连接词。句意：他几天前离开家。他去了哪里让许多人担心，并且会被弄明白。这是一个主语从句，由句意可知，填where。10Steve Jobs has gone but what he has left behind is truly extraordinary.解析：steve Jobs已经离开了，但他所留下来的是真正非同寻常的。分析句子结构可知，“_he has left behind”是主语从句，且关系代词在从句中作宾语，故选what。.单句改错1It surprised me most was that they had finished it so quickly.ItWhat解析：根据句意和句子结构可知，这里it应该改为what，用what引导主语从句并在从句中作主语，指物。2Who has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.WhoWhoever解析：句意：不管是谁救了这个溺水的小女孩都值得表扬。who含特指意义，有具体对象；而whoever含泛指意义，表示“无论谁”，相当于anyone who。3Whether I am afraid of is their taking him to Portugal.WhetherWhat解析：从句意和句子成分看，这里需要连接词引导主语从句并在从句中作of的宾语指物，应该用what引导。4It is a difficult question how many my employees will get as a rise.manymuch解析：根据句意可知，这里主语从句表示“我的员工们的薪水能够涨多少”，这里说的“多少”是不可数含义，应该用how much引导主语从句，并在从句中作get的宾语。5It makes him happy is that his parents will buy him a new computer.ItWhat解析：从句子结构看，这里it应该改为what，用连接代词what引导主语从句并在从句中作主语，指物。6Which we found interesting was just how often people were using their mobile phones.WhichWhat解析：which引导名词从句时表示选择含义，而这里主语从句表示“我们觉得有趣的是”，连接词引导主语从句并在从句中作宾语指物，此时应该用what引导这个主语从句。7As is known to all is that Diaoyu Island is part of China.AsWhat解析：本句使用了what.is that.结构，用what引导主语从句并在从句中作主语，指物。8It remains to be found out which side effect the medicine will have on patients.whichwhat解析：which表示选择含义，而本句不表示选择，而是表达“这种药对病人有什么副作用”，应该用what引导主语从句并在从句中作定语修饰side effect。9Whatever of the books you want to take is fine with me.I'll just pay for them.WhateverWhichever解析：语境中的of the books表示选择范围，此时应该用whichever引导主语从句并在从句中作主语，指物。10It has been proved again and again which frequent advertising increases product sales.whichthat解析：根据句意可知，句中的which要改为that，用that引导主语从句，连接词在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用表陈述。.阅读理解Astronomy is the oldest science known to man. Thousands of years ago man looked at the stars and wondered about the heavens. But man was limited by what he could see with his eyes alone.The Greeks studied astronomy over 2,000 years ago. They could see the size, color, and brightness of stars. They could see their places in the sky. They watched the stars move as the seasons changed. But the Greeks had no tools to help them study the starry heavens.Each new tool added to the field of astronomy: it helped man reach out into space. Until there were telescopes (望远镜), man knew little about the moon. They did not know that the planet called Saturn (土星) has rings around it. Their sight was so limited that they could not see all the planets. In the early 1700s, people thought there were only six planets.Before the spectroscope (分光镜), man did not know what kind of gases is in the sun or other stars. Without the radiotelescope (射电望远镜), we did not know that radio noises come from far out in space.Today, astronomy is a growing science. We have learned more in the last fifty years than in the whole history of astronomy.文章大意：天文学是一门最古老的学科，随着技术的发展，这门学科发展得很快。1The passage mainly tells us D.Athe spectroscope helps man know what kind of gases is in the sun and other starsBthere are nine planets in spaceCthere is much noise in spaceDscience can't grow fast without modern technology解析：主旨大意题。文章第一段为主题段，其他段都是围绕这一主题展开，最后一段再次点明主题。故答案选D。其他选项为细节。2Thousands of years ago, A.Aman watched the stars with their eyesBtelescopes helped man to study the starsCman knew nothing about the skyDman knew Saturn has rings around it解析：细节理解题。由第一段第三句话可知，几千年前人们主要通过肉眼来观察星球。3When the Greeks watched the stars, they knew all of the following EXCEPT D.Athe color of the starsBthe size of the starsCthe movement of the starsDwhat the stars were made up of解析：细节理解题。由第二段可知，只有D项的内容“星球是由什么组成的”没有提到。4Man now knows D.Athe moon has rings around itBthere are six planetsCSaturn's rings can be seen by human eyesDradio noises come from far out in space解析：细节理解题。由第四段最后一句可推知，现在人们已经知道无线电噪声来自遥远的太空。.七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Every day can be a fresh, new beginningthis is very important if you had a difficult day before. By starting with a positive attitude, you can face the challenges of the day in a good state of mind. 1.CExercise. Exercising is one of the best methods to start your day for your mind as well as the body. 2.FIn addition, it also reduces stress and improves your metabolism (新陈代谢). So go for a walk, go for a bike ride, or go to the gym in the morning.Organize yourself.3.A Make a todo list and make an effort to follow it. It will keep you organized and make your day easier. However, make sure that your todo list is manageable. There are only so many things you can do in a day.Smile. Starting your day by acting the way you want to feel can help you be more positive. 4.GThe easiest thing to do is smile. Just smile because you are alive and you can. Watch or listen to something humorous so you can laugh. It makes you feel positive and really good about yourself and the world that surrounds you.Keep important items in the same place. To make mornings less busy, start a habitkeeping your important items in one easily accessible place. 5.D This way, you are never looking for that lost item when you are running behind.AWrite down the tasks for the day.BTry other actions to get yourself to feel happier.CTry some of the following tips to start your day right.DPut your keys, wallet, purse, and other important items there.EInstead of rushing through the morning, go slow and take your time.FIt increases brain function, which can help you get a jumpstart on the day.GIf you feel annoyed or tired, do something physical to make yourself feel happy.文章大意：本文为说明文。如何开始新的一天呢？本文提出了一些实用的建议。1解析：由下文给出的一些开始新的一天的建议可判断选C项。2解析：由后一句可推断此处说明运动的作用，故选F项。3解析：由后一句“Make a todo list and make an effort to follow it.”可知，该空建议写下任务。4解析：G项中的“make yourself feel happy”与本段中“smile”相吻合。5解析：D项中的“keys, wallet, purse, and other important items”与本段中“important items”相吻合。.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。After the “Big Bang”， the earth was just a cloud of dust.It exploded 1.loudly(loud) with fire and rock, 2.which were in time to produce the water vapor, carbon dioxide and other 3.gases(gas)Then small plants grew.They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas 4.with oxygen.Many millions of years later, the first green plants began to appear on land.When the plants grew into into forests, reptiles appeared for the first time.They produced young generally by 5.laying(lay) eggs.Now small clever animals with hands and feet appeared and 6.spread(spread) all over the world. 7.As time goes by, 8.they are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from the earth into space. 9.Whether life will continue on earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can 10.be_solved(solve)文章大意：本文讲的是生命的起源以及人类的发展。1解析：考查副词。动词修饰副词，故答案为loudly。2解析：考查定语从句。地球带着火和岩石发生了大爆炸，这及时产生了水蒸气、二氧化碳和其他气体。此处是前面整个句子做先行词，后面用which引导非限制性定语从句，故答案为which。3解析：考查名词复数。地球带着火和岩石发生了大爆炸，这及时产生了水蒸气、二氧化碳和其他气体。根据other可知后面用名词复数，故答案为gases。4解析：考查固定词组。他们繁殖并用氧气充满了海洋。fill.with.“用填满”，故答案为with。5解析：考查动名词。他们通常是通过产卵来繁殖的。by doing sth.“通过做某事”，故答案为laying。6解析：考查时态。有手和脚的小聪明动物出现并在世界各地传播。此处是并列的谓语动词，句子用一般过去时态，故答案为spread。7解析：考查时间状语从句。随着时间的流逝，他们把太多的二氧化碳排放到大气中，这样就可以防止地球上的热量进入太空。此处是as引导的时间状语从句，故答案为As。8解析：考查指代。随着时间的流逝，他们把太多的二氧化碳排放到大气中，这样就可以防止地球上的热量进入太空。此处用they来代替前面的“plants and animals”，故答案为they。9解析：考查名词性从句。在接下来的数百年里，生命是否会在地球上继续存在将取决于这个问题能否被得到解决。此处是whether“是否”引导的主语从句，if也能做“是否”讲，但不能引导主语从句，故答案为Whether。10解析：考查语态。在接下来的数百年里，生命是否会在地球上继续存在将取决于这个问题能否被得到解决。此处this problem和solve之间是被动关系，所以是含情态动词的被动语态，故答案为be solved。7
