2019高考英语一轮基础梳理与练习Unit5NelsonMandel_amodernhero含解析新人教版必修1.doc

Unit 5Nelson Mandelaa modern hero李仕才【短文语法填空】Sending gifts varies greatly from country to country.In Australia, Canada, the United States 1. European countries，sending gifts is rarely expected. While seen as a nice gesture，it is more important to avoid 2. (give) highly personal gifts such as clothing.When visiting the home of a colleague from one of these 3. ( country)，it is normally appropriate to bring a gift to the hostess.In America, 4. (expense)gifts are definitely out.A good 5. (choose) is to take the deserving person to dinner，or to 6. entertainment or a sporting event. 7. the contrary，gift giving is a traditional custom in Japan.In Japan the proper gift is thought 8. (express)the giver's true friendship，gratitude and respect far 9. (well) than words can.So if you plan to visit Japan or to have any Japanese visit you here，be prepared.Australia is known for its friendliness and informality.So modest gifts，such as a diary，a paperweight，or a coffee cup might 10. (present)to a friend.At a trade show，T­shirts，ties，baseball caps，or a pin may be appropriate souvenirs.Anything more than these types of gifts could cause embarrassment.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了美国、日本、澳大利亚等国不同的送礼物习惯。1and考查连词。根据空前的“Australia，Canada，the United States”和空后的“European countries”可知，空处前后为并列关系，故用并列连词and。2giving考查动名词。avoid doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“避免做某事”，故填giving。3countries考查名词的数。根据空前的these可知，可数名词country应当用复数形式。4expensive考查形容词。空处修饰后面的名词gifts，故用形容词形式。5choice考查名词。根据空前的形容词good和不定冠词A可以判断，空处应用名词的单数形式。6an考查不定冠词。该处泛指“一次娱乐活动”，entertainment的读音以元音音素开头，故用an。7On考查固定搭配。on the contrary为固定搭配，意为“与此相反”。8to express考查动词不定式。此处表示“在日本，恰当的礼物被认为表达了送礼物者真正的友谊”。be thought to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“被认为做了某事”，故用动词不定式。9better考查比较级。根据空后的than可知，该处用well的比较级。10be presented考查被动语态。该句主语modest gifts和动词present之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。一高考单词识记·思考·运用1核心词汇escape vi. & vt.逃脱；逃走；泄露vote vt. & vi.投票；选举 n投票；选票；表决attack vt.进攻；抨击；攻击equal adj.相等的；平等的beg vi.请求；乞求reward n报酬；奖金 vt.酬劳；奖赏opinion n意见；看法；主张sentence vt.判决；宣判willing adj.乐意的；自愿的 willingness n自愿，乐意active adj.积极的；活跃的 actively adv.积极地；活跃地 activity n活动devote vt.献身；专心于devotedadj.忠实的；深受的educate vt.教育；训练 educatedadj.受过教育的；有教养的education n教育2常考词汇quality n品质；质量；性质mean adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的generous adj.慷慨的；大方的found vt.建立；建设terror n恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动unfair adj.不公平的；不公正的legal adj.法律的；依照法律的illegal adj.非法的guidance n指导；领导guide v指导self n自我；自身selfish adj.自私的selfless adj.无私的；忘我的violence n暴力；暴行violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的用所给单词的适当形式填空1Then it attacked (attack) the back of Macs bike, tearing open his tent bag.(2017·浙江卷)2In a word, the trip will be both relaxing and rewarding (reward), which is bound to be a memorable experience for you.(2017·北京卷)3In a further twist，birth rate is highest in poorly educated (educate) rural areas and lowest in highly educated (educate) urban areas.(2017·江苏卷)4Leaving aside the birth rate issue, Indias economy may take off when the country achieves equality (equal) of educational opportunity.(2017·江苏卷)5Both of us had the qualities (quality) and virtues that are typical of American actors.(2017·全国卷)6Parents should actively (active) urge their children to take advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams.(2016·江苏卷)7Bruce Peterson says the idea is for people not to be selfish (self) by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.(2016·全国卷)8For previous generations, guidance (guide) and support needed help from people of the same age.(2016·北京卷)9In recent years, internet voting (vote) has become increasingly popular in China.(2016·江苏卷)10Scientists say that your willingness (willing) to take risks increases during your teenage years.(2016·北京卷)表示“人物特点”的形容词全扫描generous慷慨的mean吝啬的devoted忠实的easy­going随和的warm­hearted热心肠的active积极的energetic有活力的enthusiastic充满热情的“真诚，诚实”家族sincere adj.真诚的；sincerely adv.真诚地genuine adj.真诚的，真心的；genuinely adv.真诚地，诚实地hearty adj.亲切的，真诚的，热诚的pure­hearted adj.真诚的honest adj.诚实的，正直的；honesty n诚实，正直，坦诚名词后缀­ful构成的形容词荟萃peaceful和平的painful痛苦的harmful有害的powerful强大的cheerful欢乐的meaningful有意义的beautiful美丽的，美观的merciful仁慈的；宽大的harmful有害的；致伤的careful小心的，仔细的，谨慎的“奖，奖赏”家族award vt.授予，奖给 n奖品，奖金reward vt.酬谢，奖赏 n报酬，酬金prize n奖金，奖品bonus n奖金，红利【完形填空】I spent last summer volunteering at a hospital.It was a gift to _1_ so many amazing people and I'd like to share one of these moments.One day，I was called to a room where a(n) _2_ woman was staying.Usually I helped with _3_ who were ready to leave.Instead，she _4_ to go to the gift shop.I got a _5_，helped her into it，and headed down to the entrance.When we got there，it wasn't open yet.After a 30­minute _6_，we entered the gift shop.As I pushed her around，I could see the _7_ in her face as she looked at everything，happy to be out of her room.She _8_ some window decorations，and then saw chocolates.She asked me to push her in that _9_，and then I helped her _10_ all the different chocolate arrangements. _11_ she decided on three different boxes.She told me to write the numbers 1,2，and 3 on the boxes.She _12_ that the nurses were taking such good care of her，so she _13_ chocolates for each of the three shifts of nurses.As we gave the current shift of nurses their box of chocolates，they _14_ offered some to me before taking some themselves.There were _15_ all around.Witnessing the old lady's _16_ and getting the opportunity to spend time with someone who got so much joy from life were a _17_ in itself.I have so many more stories，and each person made an impact on my life.I've _18_ that health has a way of bringing people together._19_ is a blessing，and being in a place where health is so _20_ and appreciated is unlike anything else.1A.introduce BmeetCattract Ddescribe2A.elderly BstrangeCimportant Dfamous3A.nurses BkidsCpatients Dparents4A.pretended BwantedCfailed Dpromised5A.car Bshopping cartCwheelchair Dbike6A.ride BwalkCdrive Dwait7A.relief BanxietyCjoy Dpuzzle8A.chose BmadeCused Dreceived9A.manner BcaseCdirection Dpoint10A.prepare for Bmake upCfigure out Dlook through11A.Suddenly BEventuallyCFortunately DActually12A.explained BdeclaredCexpected Dimagined13A.exchanged BdesignedCtasted Dbought14A.in fact Bat a lossCin turn Dat ease15A.whispers BsmilesCshouts Dcheers16A.kindness BchoiceCdecision Dloneliness17A.lesson BchanceCgift Dfact18A.concluded BimaginedCpredicted Dlearned19A.Health BLuckCVirtue DPraise20A.tested BvaluedCmaintained Dpromoted【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在医院做义工的经历，老人的善良和快乐让作者领悟到健康是福的道理。1B上文提到作者在医院做义工，下文又提到分享故事，由此可知，此处指“见到”许多了不起的人。故选B项。2A从下文16空前的“old lady's”可知，此处指“上了年纪的”。故选A项。3C从语境可知，此处指作者作为医院的义工，通常帮助那些准备离开的“病人”。故选C项。4B上文提到作者通常帮助那些准备离开的病人。结合Instead“反而”可知，此处老人并不是准备离开，而是想去礼品店。故选B项。5C从下文7空前的“As I pushed her around”可知，此处指“轮椅”。故选C项。6D前一句提到“当我们到达礼品店时，商店还没有开门”，可以推断此处指30分钟的“等待”。故选D项。7C从空后的“happy to be out of her room”可知，此处指“高兴”。故选C项。8A上文提到“she looked at everything”，接下来应是“选择”。故选A项。9C结合语境可知，此处指老人要求作者推着她朝巧克力的方向走去。故选C项。10D根据空后的“all the different chocolate arrangements”可以推出，此处指作者帮老人“浏览”了所有不同的巧克力的布置。故选D项。11B在作者帮老人浏览完后，“最终”老人做出了决定。故选B项。12A上文提到老人购买了三种不同盒子的巧克力并让作者在上面写上数字。接下来是老人向作者解释为何这样做。故选A项。13D老人解释说护士们如此精心地照顾她，所以她为轮班的护士“买”了巧克力。故选D项。14C当作者他们给当前值班护士巧克力时，值班护士转而给了作者一些。故选C项。15B从下文17空前的“who got so much joy from life”可知，此处指“微笑”。故选B项。16A结合上文老人的行为不难看出，老人是一个善良的人。故选A项。17C此处指作者的感慨：能和从生活中得到如此多快乐的人在一起本身就是一个“礼物”，和上文第一段的“It was a gift to.people”相呼应。故选C项。18D此处指作者从做义工的经历中“学习”到，健康常常把人们聚集在一起。故选D项。19A上文中作者提到健康，接下来说，“健康”是福，符合语境。故选A项。20B此处指待在健康被如此“重视”的地方和其他事情不同，空处与空后的“appreciated”并列。故选B项。二重点短语识记·思考·运用1动词介词/副词/名词blow up使充气；爆炸turn to求助于；致力于set up设立；建立lose heart丧失勇气或信心come to power当权；上台2介词名词in trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中in prison蹲监狱in ones opinion/view在某人看来3其他形式out of work失业as a matter of fact事实上be sentenced to被判处(徒刑)be willing to do.愿意做某事用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空1In 1963 the UN set_up the World Food Programme，one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.(2017·江苏卷)2But I still want to have my parents to turn_to whenever I need help.(2016·全国卷)3We should not lose_heart in face of difficulties.(2016·天津卷)4How could you turn down such a fantastic job when you have been out_of_work for months？(2014·浙江卷)5Mandela was_sentenced_to five years hard labour for encouraging violence against the government.“动词to”短语荟萃belong to属于object to反对refer to谈到；涉及；参阅point to指向turn to求助于；致力于stick/hold/keep to坚持，忠于see to处理，料理come to共计，苏醒“动词up(向上)”短语集锦pick up捡起put up举起；张贴send up使上升；发射rise up起义look up抬起头hold up举起take up拿起build up增强三佳句选粹在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通背原句学句型练仿写1.The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。(1)主语是时间或地点名词，谓语是see, find 等动词，表示经历或目睹了某事。(2)where 引导定语从句修饰stage。杭州城自从2016年发生了巨大的变化。The city of Hangzhou has_seen_great_changes since 2016.在计划的初始阶段，我们应该保守秘密。We should keep secret at the stage where_the_plan_starts.2.Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。only修饰状语放在句首，句子用部分倒装。直到莉莉走进办公室时，她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。Only when Lily walked into the office did_she_realize that she had left the contract at home.3.I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。the first time“第一次”，引导时间状语从句。第一次比赛失败，我们都感到很沮丧，因为我们都全身心地为此做了充分准备。The_first_time_we_lost_the_match,_we all felt very depressed, because we had all been devoted to making full preparations for it.【短文改错】Dear Chris，I'm Li Ming，monitor of Class One，Senior One.I'm glad to hear that you will come to our school as exchange student next term.I feel it an honor of us to study with you.Now I have something to tell you about.Firstly，with the climate changing，you should prepared enough clothes.Then there are different kind of foods and snacks which will give you a chance to experiencing rich Chinese food culture.In addition，every student is friendly to foreign friends，that will make it easy for you to get along good with them.Last but not least，we can do what we can to help you，and you must get prepared to meet trouble.During your stay here，I hope you can tell us more about American culture.Only by understanding and learn from each other can we spend these days together happily.Yours，Li Ming.文章大意：短文为李明写给交换生Chris的一封信，表示在他来我校交换期间会帮助他适应环境，以及互相学习。答案：Dear Chris，I'm Li Ming，monitor of Class One，Senior One.I'm glad to hear that you will come to our school asexchange student next term.I feel it an honor us to study with you.Now I have something to tell you about.Firstly，with the climate changing，you should enough clothes.Then there are different of foods and snacks which will give you a chance to rich Chinese food culture.In addition，every student is friendly to foreign friends， will make it easy for you to get along with them.Last but not least，we can do what we can to help you， you must get prepared to meet trouble.During your stay here，I hope you can tell us more about American culture.Only by understanding and from each other can we spend these days together happily.解析：考查冠词，student是可数名词，前需加冠词，exchange是以元音音素开头的单词，因此使用不定冠词an。解析：考查固定搭配，表达“对于某人而言”使用介词for。解析：考查固定搭配，此处是“告诉某人”，使用tell sb.，多了介词about。解析：考查动词，should是情态动词，后接动词原形，因此使用prepare。解析：考查名词的复数形式，kind“种类”是可数名词，表示“不同的种类”，different后接其复数形式。解析：考查动词的用法，a chance to do sth.“做某事的机会”，to为动词不定式，后接动词原形，因此使用experience。解析：考查定语从句引导词，考查非限制性定语从句的引导词，使用which。解析：考查固定搭配，表达“与某人相处融洽”使用动词短语get along well with sb.，因此good改为well。解析：考查连词的用法，前后句子为转折的关系，and为并列的关系，因此改为but。解析：考查动名词形式，此处and连接两个并列的结构，by后接动名词，因此learn使用其动名词形式learning。11