2016年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解专题集训.doc

阅读理解推理判断题Passage 1People in several American states may be surprised to see cars in city streets without a driver. Experimental driverless vehicles now are legal in Florida, Nevada and California. They are pointing the way to a future that is not far down the road. The high-tech company Google has a number of self-driving cars, Which had covered 480,000 kilometers by August. Volvo is among the companies dong road tests and says in plans to sell driverless cars by 2020. In September, California Governor Jerry Brown signed an act to allow autonomous vehicles on the roads of his state. “Today were looking at science fiction becoming tomorrows realitythe driverless car.” The systems been improved through competitions sponsored by the U. S. government agency DARPA. Engineer Richard Mason of the Rand Corporation helped design driverless vehicles for DARPA challenge races. Cars have become much more fuel-efficient, and new electronic features are making Hondas safer, said Angie Nucci of Honda America. “A camera on the passenger-side mirror actually engaged on your guiding screen so you can safely change lanes.” Other safety features include warning systems on the front and the sides of the cars. The syatems help drivers, but dont replace them. Curatou Leslie Kendall of the Petersen Automotive Museum said autonomous cars will make the high ways safer.“By taking out drivers, you also remove most risks of an accident,” Kendall said, you also remove most risks of an accident,” Kendall said. He said consumers, however, may be unwilling to lose control. “It may take them time to come to realize that the technology is indeed reliable, but it will have to prove itself first”,Mason said the technology already works and the biggest challenge now is getting down the cost for driverless vehicles from hundreds of thousands of dollars to something more affordable. He said this will happen as the technology is improved.1. What can we learn from Paragraph 1?A. Driverless vehicles are now legal in the whole USA.B. Volvo will be the first to sell driverless cars.C. Googles self-driving cars have covered a long distance.D. Driverless cars are pointing us a faraway future.2. We learn that Governor of California Jerry Brown.A. Helped design self-driving cars.B. Supports self-driving cars on roads.C. Considers self-driving cars science fiction.D. Improved the self-driving car systems3. According to Richard Mason. What is the biggest challenge for driverless cars?A. They are now too expensive for consumers.B. Their technical problems remain to be solved.C. They are not allowed to run on the road.D. They are more dangerous for people on the street.4. Whats the best title of the passage? A . the benefits of the self-driving v cars B . the biggest challenge of the self-driving cars C. self-driving cars: science fiction future is near D. safer of more dangerousself-driving cars.Passage 2The word proactivity is fairly common in management literature, but you wont find it in the dictionary. It means that as a human being you take responsibility for your own life. Look at the word responsibility: ability to choose your response, response-ability. Effective people are proactive because they take responsibility. Their behavior is a product of their own decisions, based on values, rather than being a product of their own conditions, based on feelings. For instance, you are planning a picnic with your family. Youre excited. You have all the preparations, You've decided where to go, and then it becomes stormy, killing your plan. Proactive people carry weather within them. They realize what their purpose really was, and they creatively have a picnic elsewhere even if it's in their own basement with some special games, and make the best of that situation. The opposite of being proactive is to be reactive. Reactive people would say, “What's the use?”We can't do anything.” “Oh this is so upsetting after all of our preparations and arrangements.” They try to persuade the people around them and usually the picnic will be cancelled.Being proactive is really just being true to your human nature. Your basic nature is to act, and not to be acted upon. That's true, despite widely accepted theories of determinism used to explain human nature. Determinism says that you don't really choose anything and that what you call choices are nothing more than automatic responses to outside conditions.The language of reactive people is lie:”I can't .” “Don't have time.” I have to .” I must.” The whole spirit of that language is the transfer of responsibility. They think things are determined by their environment, or by their conditions, or by their conditioning or their genetic makeup. Psychologically, people who believe they are determined will produce the evidence to support the belief, and they increasingly feel victimized and out of control. They're not in charge of their life at all.On the contrary, a proactive person exercises free will, the freedom to choose the response that best applies to his values. In that way, he gains control over the circumstances, rather than being controlled by them.1. According to the passage, a proactive person's behavior can result from .A. The environment B. an inner beliefC. the genetic makeup D. a temporary feeling2. When a picnic plan is threatened by a sudden storm, reactive people will probably . A. have the picnic as planned B. make the best of the picnic C. complain and give up the picnic D. find somewhere else for the picnic3. What does” carry weather within them” in the second paragraph probably mean? A. Manage to improve the weather. B. Give in to the weather passively. C. Stress the influence of the weather. D. Find a solution to the weather problems.4. It can be concluded from the passage that determinists(宿命论者) . A. accept things passively B. are in charge of themselves C. are similar to proactive people D. respond to outside conditions activelyPassage 3Harriet Tubman was an African-American woman who fought against slavery. She was born in 1820. She helped many people escape from slavery through the Underground Railroad. It was an organized effort to help slaves from the southern states to areas that banned slavery.Slaves could be sold freely. Families were often separated. Harriet married a free black man named John Tubman in 1844, yet she remained a slave. In 1849, the farmer who owned her died. Then she ran to the home of a white woman who had offered to help her.This woman told her how to reach another home where she could hide. Harriet Tubman want from place to place in this way. This was how the Underground Railroad operated. Finally, she went into the northern state of Pennsylvania. During the next ten years, she led an expanded Underground Railroad, and helped 300 slaves escape.Harriet Tubman found another way to fight against slavery during the civil War. She went into the southern states to spy(做间谍) for the North. After the Civil War, Harriet Tubman settled in New York State. She gave speeches to raise money for better education for black Americans, worked for women's rights and sought help for older adults who had been slaves.Harriet Tubman died in 1913. By that time, she had been recognized as an American heroine(女英雄).1. What does the passage mainly tell us?A. The Underground Railroad.B. The history of American slavery.C. Harriet's hard life and bravery.D. Harriet's fight against slavery.2. What can be inferred from the passage?A. The Underground Railroad was a way to freedom.B. Everyone knew that there was a way to free land.C. Black people were cared about by many white people.D. Black people looked down upon white people.3. From Paragraph 4, we learn that when the Civil War broke out, Harriet .A. Worked for the SouthB. Did a lot of work for the patients as a doctorC. Helped everyone to go to schoolD. Got secret information for the North4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Harriet was recognized as a heroine.B. Harriet fought against slavery in many ways.C. Harriet helped only black people in her life.D. Harriet helped black people to get better education.Passage 4 When most of us hear the word chocolate. the verb that comes to mind is probably ”eat”|, not “drink”, and the most proper adjective would seem to be “sweet”. But for about 90 percent of chocolate's long history, it was strictly a beverage(饮料), and sugar didn't have anything to do with it.The Origin of Chocolate Many modern historians have estimated that chocolate has been around for about 2,000 years, but recent research suggests that in may be even older.In the book The True HISTOUY OF Chocolate, authors Sophie and Michael Coe prove that the earliest linguistic(语言学的) evidence of chocolate consumption dates back three or even four thousand years.Valuable and Fashionable Chocolate BeverageIt's hard to discover exactly when chocolate was born, but it's clear that in was cherished from the start. For several centuries in pre-modern Latin America, cacao beans were considered valuable enough to use as currency. 100 beans could purchase a good turkey hen, according to a 16th-century Aztec document.Sweetened chocolate didn't appear until Europeans discovered the Americas and sampled(品尝) the native cuisine . Chocolate didn't suit the foreigners' taste at firstone described it in his writings as “a bitter drink for pigs” but once mixed with honey or cane sugar, it quickly became popular throughout Spain. By the 17th century, chocolate was a fashionable drink throughout Europe, believed to have nutritious, medicinal functions. But it remained largely a privilege of the rich until the invention of the steam engine made mass production possible in the late 1700s.The Birth of Solid chocolate In 1828, a Dutch chemist found a way to make powdered chocolate. His product became known as “Dutch cocoa”, and it soon led to the creation of solid chocolate. In 1847, Joseph Fry created the first modern chocolate bar. By 1868, a little company called Cadbury was marketing boxes of chocolate candies in England. Milk chocolate hit the marked a few years later.Prosperous Chocolate IndustryIn America, chocolate was so valued during the Revolutionary War that it was used instead of wages . Even now, statistics show that the humble cacao bean is still a powerful economic fore. Chocolate manufacturing is a more than 4-billion-dollar industry in the United States, and the average American eats at least half a pound of the stuff per month.1. The earliest chocolate was most probably .A. A dish B. a drink C. a bar D. a candy2. It can be inferred from the passage that .A. The history of chocolate is at most 4,000 years.B. People around the world could buy things with chocolateC. Chocolate was well paid attention to since it was bornD. An American at least eats a pound of chocolate per month3. Why did chocolate suit the Spanish's taste so quickly?A. Because chocolate was so tasty and bitter.B. Because chocolate was believed to be a source of nutrition.C. Because chocolate was sweetened with honey of cane sugar.D. Because chocolate became a fashionable beverage.4. Which one shows the correct order according to the time of their appearing?A. Chocolate beveragechocolate bar chocolate candies milk chocolateB. Chocolate bar chocolate beverage chocolate candies milk chocolateC. Chocolate bar chocolate candies milk chocolate chocolate beverageD. Chocolate beverage chocolate candies chocolate bar milk chocolatePassage 5 Everybody has one of those days when everything does wrong. This is what happened to Harry.He got up one morning very late because he had forgotten to wind up his alarm clock(闹钟). He tried to shave(刮脸) quickly and cut himself. When he got dressed he got blood all over his clean shirt, so he had to find another one. They only other shirt that was clean needed ironing(熨), so he ironed it. While he was ironing it , there was noc at the door, It was the man to read the electricity meter(表)。 He showed him where the meter was, said good-bay and found that the iron had burnt a hole in his shirt. So he had to wear the one with the blood on it after all. By this time it was very late, so he decided he couldn't go to work by bus. He telephoned for a taxi to take him to work. The taxi arrived and Harry got in and began to read the newspaper.In another part of the town, a man had killed a woman with a knife and was seen to run away in a taxi. When Harry's taxi stopped outside his office, a policeman happened to be standing there. He saw the blood on Harry's shirt, and took him to the police station. He was kept till 3 o'clock in the afternoon before the police were sure that he was not the man they wanted. When he finally arrived at the office at about four, his boss took a look at him and told him to go away and find another job.1. Harry had .A. A lucky day B. an unlucky day C. A busy day D. a good day2. Why did Harry wear the shirt with blood on it？A The iron had burnt a hole in his clean shirt.B The only other needed ironing.C He had only one shirt.D He cut himself and got blood all over his shirt.3. Harry was taken to the police station because .A. His taxi stopped outside his office and a policeman happened to be thereB. There was blood on his shirt and he was in a taxiC. A man killed a woman with a knifeD. The murderer(杀人犯)was seen to run away in a taxi4. His boss told him to go away and find another job because .A. He had been kept by the policeB. There was blood on his shirtC. He was late for workD. He had killed a womanPassage6 Expensive perfumes(香水) come in tiny bottles, but many hide a whale-sized secret. To perfect a particular smell, perfume-makers often use an ingredient that comes from sperm whales, called ambergris. But using ambergris, which helps a perfume last longer, is strongly opposed by many people who think it is wrong to kill whales just so we can sweet, Joerg Bohlmann is neither a perfumer nor a whale expert, He's a plant biologist at the University of British Columbia in Canada. But his discovery of a new plant gene(基因) might push whales out of the perfume business.The gene comes from fir trees, found throughout North America and commonly used as Christmas trees. The trees produce a chemical that can be used in perfume in place of ambergrisbut with a catch.“There's a problem that many people wouldn't consider. In the tree, the chemical is mixed with many others. That makes separation a challenge,” Bohlmann says.”It's like trying to isolate sugar from a biscuit.”This is where science be