2016版高考英语大二轮总复习专题三完形填空练习A.doc

专题三 完形填空（A）20132015高考(新课标)全国卷完形填空体裁及话题等考查统计表项目内容年份体裁话题文章大意词数难易度2015记叙文助人为乐作者讲述了发生在自己身边的一件事，周末的时候作者和孩子们在去超市的路上遇到了一个站在寒风中寻求帮助的人。他引导孩子们奉献爱心，快乐自己。通过这次经历，作者诠释了“赠人玫瑰，手留余香”的真谛。251较易夹叙夹议人生经历作者女儿所在的球队因为这个赛季表现突出而入围锦标赛。虽然在与强手角逐的前两场比赛中失利，但是善于吸取教训的孩子们在周日的比赛中进球了。通过这次经历，作者得出结论：学习的途径有许多，通过亲身实践得来的经验更加富有意义。237中等2014议论文生活习惯文章讲述了任何事情做久了都会使人厌倦。无论工作还是日常生活中都有这种现象，这样的厌倦心理也会在各个年龄段出现。234中等记叙文人生经历文章讲述了英国登山家Joe Simpson和同伴Simon Yates第一次攀登秘鲁境内安第斯山脉Siula Grande山峰时的经历。250中等2013记叙文社会实践作者通过体验残疾人的生活，深深体会到了残疾人生活中的种种不便。240中等记叙文助人为乐一位纽约商人Michael Greenberg每年冬天都会赠送大量的手套给穷人。这虽然是件小事，但对别人来说却很重要。227中等20132015高考(新课标)全国卷完形填空词类考查统计表 词类题量年份动词(短语)名词(短语)形容词(短语)副词介词(短语)20156733/6643/20144943/833512013675111055/总计4037241521高考英语完形填空是一种旨在测试考生英语语言综合能力的填空补缺式障碍性阅读题。它以语篇信息为基础，以中心脉络为主线，综合考查考生的英语语言运用能力，包括词汇辨析能力、阅读理解能力、分析判断能力、逻辑推理能力和跨文化交际能力，是高考试题中要求最高、难度最大的一种题型。2近三年高考完形填空的体裁主要以记叙文为主，叙中有议，文章情节完整，语言地道纯正，体现了“跨文化意识”；篇章与语句的结构富有变化，常涉及人物心理活动的细致描写，启迪性强。这就要求考生在2016年的备考中，在关注记叙文练习的同时，也应时常注重其他文体的训练。3近三年高考完形填空把知识、教育、趣味融为一体，内容贴近学生的学习和实际生活，反映社会现实，体现人文精神，符合高中生的兴趣爱好和认知特点。话题涉及亲情感悟、生活插曲等。在2016年的备考中，精神信念、人格尊严、生活心态、人间真情、科技进步、人生感悟、合作、赏识、责任等话题仍需关注。4高考完形填空设空以单词填空为主，短语或词组填空为辅；考查以实词为主，虚词为辅。2016年高考完形填空题的命题继续坚持“考查语境，突出语篇，注重实词”的命题原则，继续加大对实词意义辨析的考查力度，并突出考查考生的分析判断能力、连贯性思维能力和对语境的把握能力。根据完形填空“考查语境，突出语篇，注重实词”的命题原则，其考查的热点主要是动词、名词、形容词和副词等词类，考查的角度和考查方式通常以语境、搭配、常识、情景及篇章结构等为主。解答不同类型的题目，可采用不同的解题技巧和解题方法。考点1主旨归纳典例1 Where do you go when you want to learn something？School？A friend？A tutor？These are all 21 places of learning.(2015·全国)Apublic BtraditionalCofficial Dspecial答案及剖析：B考查语境中形容词的辨析。根据首句的意思及“School？A friend？A tutor？”，再结合生活常识，不难看出，这些都是传统意义上的(traditional)学习途径。public公共的；official官方的，正式的；special特别的，均不符合题意。典例2 In our modern world，when something wears out，we throw it away and buy a new one.The 36 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 37.rubbish because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.(2015·安徽)Akey BreasonCproject Dproblem答案及剖析：D本篇文章的主旨是：堆积如山的垃圾给环境带来的影响。随着社会的发展，人们倾向于扔掉用旧了的东西，以新物品取而代之。环境污染已经成了全球化的问题。故选D。利用首句信息，推测语篇主旨文章首句往往概括了整篇文章的中心和作者的写作意图。细读首句可以判断文章体裁，预测文章大意或主旨。完形填空的命题原则一般是文章第一句不设空，以使考生快速进入语境，并通过这一“窗口”把握整篇文章。一般来说，记叙文类的文章首句会交代4个W(when，where，who，what)，说明文类的文章首句会解释要说明的对象，议论文类的文章首句会提出一个论点。考点2逻辑推理典例1 I was required to read one of Bernie Siegels books in college and was hooked on his positivity from that moment on.The stories of his unconventional 36 and the exceptional patients he wrote about were so 37.amazing to me and had such a big 38.impact on how I saw life from then on.(2015·江苏)Atastes BideasCnotes Dmemories答案及剖析：B根据首句可知，作者读了Bernie Siegel的书，深受书中积极人生的影响，此处unconventional ideas意为“非传统的观点”与上句中“积极的人生观”呼应。故选B项。典例2 “Daily Star，sir，” called Jason，carrying some newspapers under his arm.The little boy had been running up and down the street，but there were still twenty 31 left.(2015·湖北)Ashops BcoinsCpeople Dpapers答案及剖析：D根据首句中carrying some newspapers可知，此处表示还剩20份报纸没卖完。故选D项。识别关联词语，理清逻辑关系在一篇文章中，常有一些关联词语，如表示结构层次的有firstly，secondly，thirdly，finally等；表示因果关系的有thus，therefore，so等；表示改变话题的有by the way等；表示递进关系的有besides，whats more，further等；表示时间关系的有before，so far，meanwhile，later等；表示转折关系的有but，however，yet，while，on the other hand，although等。做题时，如果能充分利用这些关联词语，就可以迅速理清文章脉络，弄清上下文的关系。考点3语境理解典例1 Where do you go when you want to learn something？School？A friend？A tutor？These are all 21.traditional places of learning.But it may well be that the learning you really want 22.lies somewhere else instead.I had the 23 of seeing this first hand on a 24 .(2015·全国)23A.dream BideaChabit Dchance24A.trip BholidayCweekend Dsquare答案及剖析：23D考查语境中名词的辨析。联系下文可知，“我”有机会(chance)亲自观看了女儿的一场足球赛并领悟到了这一点。dream梦想；idea主意；habit习惯，均与语境不符。24C考查语境中名词的辨析。作者下面叙述的几场比赛都是发生在周六和周日的，因此答案选C。典例2 When we handed him the bag of 52 ，he lit up and thanked us with 53 eyes.When I handed him the gift card，saying he could use it for 54.whatever his family might need，he burst into tears.(2015·全国)52A.toys BmedicineCfood Dclothes53A.sleepy BwateryCcurious Dsharp答案及剖析：52C考查语境中名词的辨析。联系上文“They got apples，a sandwich and a bottle of juice.”可知，我们将这些食品递给这个人。故答案为C。53B考查语境中形容词的辨析。根据本段结尾一句中的“.he burst into tears.”可知，这个人眼含泪水向我们表示感谢。sleepy困倦的；watery含水的；curious好奇的；sharp锐利的。由语境可知B项为正确答案。寻找暗示信息，重视语境意义完形填空主要考查考生对语境的理解，设空处的前后多有暗示(后文暗示前文的居多)。所以做题时要从全局考虑，进行连贯性思维，把前后文的意思联系起来理解，这样有助于正确、快速地解题。考点4惯用搭配典例1 The squirrels had no 12 coming up right to me for them.(2015·四川)Abusiness BfunCproblem Dprivilege答案及剖析：Cbusiness生意；fun乐趣；problem问题；privilege特权。考查短语have no problem (in) doing sth.意为“做某事没问题”。故选C。典例2 The stories of his unconventional 36.ideas and the exceptional patients he wrote about were so 37.amazing to me and had such a big 38 on how I saw life from then on.(2015·江苏)Astrike BpushCchallenge Dimpact答案及剖析：D句意为：他非传统的想法以及关于特殊病人的故事让我感到如此惊讶，对我从那以后如何看待人生产生了很大的影响。考查固定搭配have an impact on “对有影响”。注意习惯用语，熟记常见句型答题时，对习惯用法、固定搭配和句子结构的分析可以帮助我们找出正确选项。同学们平时要有意识地记忆一些常用的固定搭配和习惯用法，并且要学会灵活运用。常见句型的掌握也很重要，经过反复使用的刺激后，大脑会对常见句型形成思维定势，这对确定题目答案很有帮助。考点5语法分析典例1 When I handed him the gift card，saying he could use it for 54 his family might need，he burst into tears.(2015·全国)Awhoever BwhateverCwhichever Dwhenever答案及剖析：B考查代词以及对语境的理解。whoever无论谁；whatever无论什么；whichever无论哪一个；whenever无论什么时候。动词need缺少宾语，此处表示“用于买他的家人可能需要的任何东西”，故用whatever。典例2 As a parent，I 29.hated seeing my daughter playing her best， 30 still defeated.(2015·全国)Aif BorCbut Das答案及剖析：C考查语境中连词的辨析。由playing her best和still defeated的语意逻辑，不难看出前后为转折关系。因此C项为正确答案。利用语法知识，确定考查项目即通过分析句子结构来确定考查的语法项目，进而确定答案。考点6背景常识典例1 Imagine the first days in a new time zone.Slow to respond to the 28 ，your body clock is confused.(2015·重庆)Aflight BchangeCdemand Dclimate答案及剖析：B考查名词辨析。flight航班；change变化；demand要求；climate气候。根据常识，人到了一个新时区时，生物钟就会混淆及语境可知本文是关于时差反应的，故选B项。典例2 Yet，our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce 3 .(2015·广东)Arapidly BharmlesslyCendlessly Dseparately答案及剖析：C根据常识，我们的细胞不会无止境地继续再生。所以选择endlessly “无穷尽地”。巧用背景常识，简化判断过程完形填空作为独立的语篇，以其自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息，但其中有时渗透着相关的文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。学生在做题时，若能积极调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，特别是有关东西方文化差异的知识，并巧妙地加以运用，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。考点7词汇辨析典例1 They have loans，bills，a mortgage(抵押贷款) to 35 ，retirement to save for.(2015·浙江)Atake off Bdrop offCput off Dpay off答案及剖析：D考查动词短语辨析。因为他们有借款、账单、抵押贷款要偿还。pay off付清，还清，符合语境。take off取下，起飞；drop off落下，减少；put off推迟。典例2 It 46 that among other things，he was an eighty­year­old writer.(2015·江苏)Acame out Bworked outCproved out Dturned out答案及剖析：D考查动词短语辨析。除此之外，他还是一位八十岁的作家。come out出现，出版；work out锻炼，解决，制定；prove out证明；turn out证明是，结果是。It turned out that.是固定搭配，意为“结果是，结果证明”，故选D项。牢记词汇意义，准确辨析词义掌握常用词汇、短语的意义，运用上下文的内在逻辑关系，验证每个词汇或短语的含义，然后做出正确的选择。考点8前后呼应典例1 Someone had left a 39 under their door during the night.One of their neighbors had written to complain(抱怨) about the sound of the piano.Darios mother asked the building superintendent(管理员) if he knew anything about it.(2015·北京)Anote BposterCbill Dreport答案及剖析：A本题是一道同义词复现题。根据文章倒数第五段中的“So I wrote a short note.”可知，是Mrs.Gilbert留的一张字条，故选A。典例2 “What if we invited them to come here for a 43 instead？” Dario asked.(2015·北京)Aparty BconcertCshow Dplay答案及剖析：A考查名词辨析。party聚会；concert音乐会；show展览；play游戏，比赛。此题为线索题，且为原词复现，由后文中的“Finally，the day of the party.”可知母子为解决此事办了一场派对，并邀请了邻居们，故选A。觅寻上下文字，求索词汇复现在完形填空题中，学生可以利用上下文的复现信息，确定正确答案。词汇复现包括原词复现、同义词复现、反义词复现、同根词复现、概括词复现等。(1)原词复现：由于表达的需要，有时在上下文中同一词会重复出现。考生可以借助这一信息来选择答案。(2)同义词、近义词、反义词复现：同义词、近义词和反义词复现是借助意思相同、相近或相反的表达方式，或解释性的语言使上下文语意连贯起来。做完形填空题时，考生应注意分析上下文中出现的解释性语言。(3)同根词复现：考生还可借助复现的同根词来确定答案，如conclude，conclusion，conclusive，conclusively等。.掌握文章的篇章结构.掌握文章的细节判断正(T)误(F)1At the store a sight of some poor man asking for help is normal for the kids.()2When we handed him the bag of food，he lit up and burst into tears.()3The authors 10­year­old suggested giving the man a gift card and he agreed immediately.()4I said “No，we really dont have money to give more.” to children when the kids helped others.()5The helping act has a long impact on the children.().突破文章的长难句1On the way，we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said，“Lost my job.Family to Feed.”翻译： 难句分析：介词短语On the way在句中作 ；现在分词holding a piece of paper在句中作 ；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词 。2We were low on cash ourselves，but.well，sometimes giving from our need instead of our abundance is just what we need to do!翻译： 难句分析：but连接并列句。在第二个分句中，现在分词短语giving from our need instead of our abundance作 ，谓语动词用 ；what引导 从句，在从句中，what作do的 。3When I handed him the gift card，saying he could use it for whatever his family might need，he burst into tears.翻译： 难句分析：本句的主干为When I handed him the gift card，he burst into tears.。在主从句中间，saying.作 状语，saying后面接一个省略了引导词that的 从句；whatever引导的 从句作介词for的 ，在从句中，whatever作need的 。提醒：完成作业强化练(十二)(十三)二轮专题强化练强化练(十二)强化练(十二)完形填空记叙文(1)(建议用时：45分钟)1(2015·四川遂宁二次诊断)Bonnie and her husband，Tyrone，were very fond of going on short holidays to new places.Once，they decided to take a trip in their own car to a nearby 1 which was famous for its historical sites.They started early in the morning and 2 late evening they had entered the town and checked in at a hotel.The next morning，they started their new discovery with a road 3 of the town and its suburbs. 4 there were many places to see，it took them the whole day to finish their sightseeing.By now，they had 5 a suburb with shops selling handmade items.Bonnie was most interested in shopping.Tyrone 6 her to finish before it started getting dark.They were so 7 in their shopping that they forgot about the time until the shops began to 8 .They took the same route back to their hotel but somehow got 9 on the way and realized they were 10 around in circles.They had to stop the car， 11 their map，and started again but in vain.They decided to ask someone for help but no one was out at 12 late hour.They waited at a street corner for some time，and then decided to try again.Tyrone 13 the car but it wouldnt move.He got down and 14 but could not find any fault.He sat back 15 ，feeling more and more worried about their 16 ，while Bonnie was calm saying she was sure they would get help.They sat 17 ，Bonnie praying calmly and Tyrone getting panic.Finally，a man walked towards them.It was 18 that he was a car mechanic returning home.With his help，the car was repaired and ready to go.The couple were very grateful and thanked the man 19 .They reached their hotel safely after being directed by late 20 mechanic.“Trust” and “Faith” helped work wonders.1A.city BtownCvillage Ddistrict2A.in Btill Cby Dafter3A.remark BinstructionCguide Dmap4A.Since BUnlessCAlthough DOnce5A.visited BpassedCreached Dleft6A.allowed BorderedCpersuaded Dwarned7A.rich BrootedCinterested Dabsorbed8A.operate BcloseCopen Dfall9A.lost Bhurt Cstuck Drained10A.going BlookingChanging Dshowing11A.turned over Bbrought upCreferred to Dlooked down12A.even Bthat Cquite Dmuch13A.pulled BstartedCrepaired Dpushed14A.fixed BcheckedClooked Dtested15A.touched BshockedCexhausted Ddepressed16A.difficulty BfutureCwish Dexperience17A.sadly BnoisilyCquietly Danxiously18A.inferred BremindedClearnt Dinformed19A.briefly BorallyCtotally Dextremely20A.helpful BgenerousChonest Dactive2(2015·辽宁沈阳学业水平测试)Night after night，she came to say goodnight to me，even long after my childhood 21 .Following her usual custom，shed lean down and 22 my long hair out of the way，then kiss my forehead.I dont 23 when it first started annoying meher hands pushing my hair that way.But it did annoy me，for they felt rough against my young skin.Finally，one night，I cried out at her：“Dont do that 24 your hands are too rough！”She didnt say anything 25 .But never again did my mother 26 me with that familiar expression of her love.But due to my self­pride，I didnt tell her I was 27 .21A.days BweeksCmonths Dyears22A.pull BpushCdrag Ddraw23A.remind BrecallCremember Drepeat24A.anymore BanywayCanytime Danyhow25A.in addition Bin replyCin time Din particular26A.trap BtroubleCtrust Dtreat27A.sorry BanxiousCangry DterribleTime after time，with the passing years，I missed my mothers hand