2014届高三英语大一轮复习 Book 3 Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars单元知识对点练（含解析） 新人教版.doc

Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars.单项填空1Dr.Peter Spence，_ headmaster of the school，told us，“_ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”A/；A B/；TheCthe；The Da；A答案A解析句意为：彼得·斯宾塞博士，即学校的校长告诉我们：“这里五分之一的学生会继续在牛津和剑桥大学学习。”Dr.Peter Spence与其后的headmaster of the school是同位关系，表示官职的名词前应使用零冠词。表示分数时，其分子可用冠词a或one。2Tom has agreed to let me use his car, and_Im treating him to a good dinner at the newly­built restaurant just around the corner.Ain charge Bin placeCin return Din turn答案C解析考查介词短语的辨析。in charge负责，掌管；in place在适当的位置；in return作为回报；in turn反过来。句意为：汤姆同意让我用他的车，作为回报，我要在拐角处新开的饭馆请他好好吃一顿。3The computer system_suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.Abroke down Bbroke outCbroke up Dbroke in答案A解析考查动词短语辨析。break down 出故障；break out(战争、火灾等)爆发；break up 解散，分手；break in 闯入。句意为：他在网上查找信息时电脑系统突然坏了。4The school has developed an online system_students can choose their own teachers.Awhich Bwhen Cthat Dwhere答案D解析考查定语从句的引导词。先行词为system，且在从句中作状语，故用where引导。句意为：学校研发了一个网络系统，在这一系统中学生可以选择自己的老师。5The meeting was held in a lively_and everybody felt free to share his ideas.Aatmosphere BweatherCsituation Dphenomenon答案A解析考查名词词义辨析。atmosphere气氛，氛围；weather 天气；situation情形，状况；phenomenon现象。6The manager had fallen asleep where he_，without undressing.Awas laying Bwas lyingChad laid Dhad lied答案B解析考查时态。lay放置；搁；产卵，其过去式、过去分词为laid，laid；lie 躺，其过去式、过去分词分别为lay，lain；lie说谎，其过去式、过去分词为lied，lied。句意为：经理没脱衣服就在他躺着的地方睡着了。7Newly­born babies are good sleepers.The amount of their sleep is_that of adults.Aseveral times larger than Ba few times the size ofCas several times as Da few times deeper than答案A解析考查比较级的用法。倍数的表达法之一是“倍数比较级than”，句子主语为the amount，表示数量，故应用large 或small来修饰，故A项正确。句意为：新生婴儿睡眠很好。他们的睡眠时间是成年人的好几倍。8A policeman was _ him outside the house.Awatching out Bwatching onCwatching over Dwatching for答案C 解析watch over监视，符合语境。watch out当心，注意；watch on关注，注意；watch for注意，当心。9Im not good at singing，you know._Its just for fun.ADont say so. BCome on.CWhat a pity! DCheer up.答案B解析考查情景交际。Dont say so.不要这样说。不符合情景交际的特点；Come on得了吧；来吧；What a pity！真可惜！真遗憾！Cheer up振作点。答语句意为：来吧！我们只是玩。10Sorry, Im late for work.Is that_you got stuck in a traffic jam again?Awhy Bhow Cbecause Dwhen答案C解析考查句型的辨析运用。This/That/It is because.那是因为，从句表示原因；This/That/It is why.那就是原因，从句表示结果。由语境可知C项正确。句意为：对不起，我上班晚了。那是因为你又遇上了交通堵塞吗？11In a modern society full of fierce competitions，_ a person does is not always the same as _ he says.Awhat；what Bwhat；thatCthat；that Dthat；what答案A解析这是一个由what引导的主语从句和宾语从句构成的复合句。what分别在这两个从句中作does和says的宾语。that引导名词性从句只起引导句子的作用，在所引导的名词性从句中不作任何成分。12Earth is a rocky planet where there is liquid water，which is necessary for life to _.Acome Bexist Cstand Dhappen答案B解析后半句句意为：水的存在是生命存在的必要条件。exist vi.存在；生存，符合题意。13We should respect others_others will respect us.Aso that Bin caseCfor fear that Dnow that答案A解析考查状语从句的连接词。so that 因此，以便于；in case 以防，万一；for fear that 担心；now that 既然。句意为：我们应该尊重他人，这样他人才会尊重我们。14I was disappointed when I failed again.Dont be so discouraged.Youll be successful _.Afor some time Bat one timeCon time Din time答案D解析根据答语句意“别那么灰心，你迟早会成功的。”可知应选in time。15_is obviously right is to give all children equal opportunities to develop their special gift.AIt BAs CThat DWhat答案D解析引导一个主语从句，在从句中作句子的主语，所以用what。句意为：明显正确的(做法)就是，给所有的孩子提供平等发展特殊才能的机会。.完形填空It may be difficult to understand non­verbal messages because different cultures have different expectations about eye contact，physical _1_，body gestures，etc.Lets consider eye contact.Children from many Latin American and Asian _2_ show respect by avoiding the glance of important persons.A teacher whos _3_ with this，however，might consider the lack of eye contact as a sign of _4_.For many American Indian children，_5_ a teacher in the eye and answering her question in front of the class is “showing off”Culture greatly _6_ attitudes towards physical contact，whether its a handshake，hug，or pat on the back.In Asia，female friends _7_ hold hands and men casually(随便地) hug one another as they walk down the street.Americans，however，may feel _8_ with such public behavior.In some Asian cultures，affectionately patting a(n) _9_ head is strictly taboo(禁忌的)，_10_ it can be acceptable behavior between adults and young children.How _11_ should people stand to each other when theyre having a conversation？In areas of the Middle East and South America，people stand very close when _12_.European Americans like to have _13_ distance between them，while some African Americans _14_ even more space.You can _15_ great discomfort by standing too close to another person.Not being _16_ of this can even prevent someone from understanding or _17_ the ideas youre trying to get across.To create a positive environment for communication，your non­verbal message must closely _18_ your verbal message.One way to do this is to carefully observe how children and families speak and _19_ around each other and with people they respect.This can _20_ clues about the true meaning of their non­verbal interactions.1A.exercise Btouch Ceducation Dstrength答案B解析考查名词。此题属于原词复现。physical touch意为“身体接触”，这从第6空后的physical contact可得到暗示。2A.schools Bvillages Chomelands Dcultures答案D解析此题属于原词复现。第一段已提到不同文化(different cultures)中人们对视线接触、身体接触等有不同的理解。此处举例说明，故此空填“文化”一词。3A.uncertain Bangry Cunfamiliar Dpopular答案C解析考查形容词。在拉美和亚洲文化中，小孩回避他人的视线是对其尊敬的表现。而对此不了解的老师会误以为这是缺乏尊重。be unfamiliar with sth.意为“对不熟悉”。4A.disrespect Bidea Cdanger Ddisappointment答案A解析考查名词。此空前的however说明此句与前一句之间在逻辑上是转折关系。既然前一句说是show respect，此处当然是a sign of disrespect。5A.seeing Bstaring at Clooking Dglancing at答案C解析考查动词。look sb.in the eye意为“直视某人”。6A.influences Bguarantees Carranges Dindicates答案A解析考查动词。在文章首段中说“不同的文化对视线接触、身体接触等有不同的期待”，然后在第二段讲视线接触在不同文化中的不同理解，此段则是讲physical contact在不同文化中的影响，即“文化极大地影响到人们对身体接触的态度”。这也是这一段的主题句。7A.never Boften Cseldom Dsometimes答案B解析考查副词。由于男性之间可以随意地拥抱一下，故可推测女性朋友之间手拉手则是常事。8A.pleased Bcomfortable Cmad Duncomfortable答案D解析考查形容词。此句中的however同样表示转折。而在美国文化中这种公开场合的行为令人感到不舒服。9A.childs Bbabys Cadults Dmans答案C解析考查名词所有格。从第10题后可得到暗示。在亚洲摸成人的头是严格禁止的(strictly taboo)，但是成人和小孩之间摸头却是可以接受的(be acceptable)。10A.because Balthough Cunless Dif答案B解析考查连词。前后句之间是让步关系，故用although。11A.far Bclosely Cproperly Dclose答案D解析考查副词。从本段的“people stand very close，distance，standing too close”等处可知本段是谈人与人之间站立时相隔的距离。12A.talking Beating Cwaiting Dlistening答案A解析考查动词。此空的when talking与前一句的“when theyre having a conversation”意思一样。13A.more Bless Cno Dlittle答案A解析考查形容词。来自中东和南美的人谈话时站得很近(stand very close)，而来自欧洲的美国人需要的心理距离要更大一些。14A.hate Bprefer Cwish Ddream答案B解析考查动词。此句中的while表示对比。来自非洲的美国人的心理距离相比之下(双方的心理距离)更远。15A.change Bexpect Ccreate Daccept答案C解析考查动词。双方谈话时，站得太近，超过可接受的心理距离，人就会感到极不舒服。create引起，造成。16A.afraid Bashamed Cproud Daware答案D解析考查形容词。对谈话时的心理距离要知道，否则会造成麻烦。be aware of意为“意识到，知道”。be ashamed of以为羞愧。17A.suggesting BconsideringCrefusing Daccepting答案D解析考查动词。此题属于近义复现。此空前的or表示选择关系，说明此空后的内容“the ideas”与前面的understanding意思相近。意识不到人们交流时默认的心理距离甚至会阻碍他人理解或接受你试图传达的意思。18A.pass Bexplain Cmatch Dprepare答案C解析考查动词。指非语言信息与语言信息要相配(match)，要一致。19A.talk Bbehave Cuse Dlook答案B解析考查动词。这些文化差异可通过观察小孩和家人间的谈话及举止方式(behave)来了解。20A.provide Bsupport Cprove Dsearch答案A解析考查动词。这样就可为你真正理解他们的非语言交流提供(provide)线索。.阅读理解Sports account for a growing amount of income made on the sales of commercial time by television companies.Many television companies have used sports to attract viewers from particular sections of the general public，and then they have sold audiences to advertisers.An attraction of sport programs for the major US.media companies is that events are often held on Saturday and Sunday afternoonsthe slowest time periods of the week for general television viewing.Sport events are the most popular weekend programs，especially among male viewers who may not watch much television at other times during the week.This means the television networks are able to sell advertising time at relatively high prices during what normally would be dead time for programming.Media corporations also use sports to attract commercial sponsors that might take their advertising dollars elsewhere if television stations did not report certain sports.The people in the advertising departments of major corporations realize that sports attract male viewers.They also realize that most business travelers are men and that many men make family decisions on the purchases of computers，cars and life insurance.Golf and tennis are special cases for television programming.These sports attract few viewers，and the ratings(收视率) are unusually low.However，the audience for these sports is attractive to certain advertisers.It is made up of people from the highest income groups in the United States，including many lawyers and business managers.This is why television reporting of golf and tennis is sponsored by companies selling high­priced cars，business and personal computers，and holiday trips.This is also why the networks continue to carry these programs regardless of low ratings.Advertisers are willing to pay high fees to reach high­income consumers and those managers who make decisions to buy thousands of “company cars” and computers.With such viewers，these programs dont need high ratings to stay on the air.1Television sport programs on weekend afternoons_.Aresult in more sport eventsBget more viewers to play sportsCmake more people interested in televisionDbring more money to the television networks答案D解析细节理解题。由第二段中“This means the television networks are able to sell advertising time at relatively high prices during what normally would be dead time for programming.”可知，television networks赚了更多的钱。2Why would weekend afternoons become dead time without sport programs?ABecause there would be few viewers.BBecause the advertisers would be off work.CBecause television programs would go slowly.DBecause viewers would pay less for watching television.答案A解析推理判断题。由第二段可知，周末赛事吸引了大批男性观众，他们在工作时间不看太多的电视，因此大都在周末看体育赛事，因此没有体育赛事当然就少很多观众了。3In many families，men make decisions on_.Aholiday trips Bsports viewingCtelevision shopping Dexpensive purchases答案D解析细节理解题。由第三段中“They also realize that most business travelers are men and that many men make family decisions on the purchases of computers，cars and life insurance.”可知，男性在家庭中做出一些重大的购买决定。4What is the passage mainly about?ATelevision ratings are determined by male viewers.BRich viewers contribute most to television companies.CSports are gaining importance in advertising on television.DCommercial advertisers are the major sponsors of sport events.答案C解析主旨大意题。本文主要是讲体育赛事决定电视台的收视率，从而也决定了电视广告的收入，再根据主题句(topic sentence)：第一段第一句“Sports account for a growing amount of income made on the sales of commercial time by television companies.”可知选C项。9