浙江专用2022版高考英语一轮复习阅读理解专练二含解析新人教版20210628268.doc

阅读理解专练(二)(限时30分钟)AEvery new parent knows that rocking can calm that uneasy baby when its time to take a nap. But the benefits of gentle movement may go beyond the baby stage. Because two new studies show that rocking also helps grown-ups, both human and mouse, get a good nights sleep. What should be no surprise is that movement can calm someone. Think of how many times youve fallen asleep on a train. But can motion really cause a nap, and make for a deeper sleep? To find out, researchers invited 18 healthy volunteers for a sleepover. “So they came to the lab and slept one time on the motionless, normal bed. And one night where they got rocked. ” said Aurore Perrault, a sleep researcher at the University of Geneva in Switzerland. “And what we find is that when compared to a motionless night, a whole night of rocking sleep has a beneficial effect not only on sleep beginning but also on sleep continuity. ” Subjects who were rocked also did better on a memory test the next morning than the stiller sleepers. In the second study, Kompotis, a student at the University of Lausanne, rocked a rack of mice. Whether rocking affects sleep in other species was never before discussed. So the main questions for our study were whether rocking affects sleep in mice and what is the possible system? Kompotis placed the mouse cages on a platform that moved from side to side. Though mice were rocked four times faster than their human counterpartsa frequency of one back-and-forth per second, or 1 Hertz, worked bestthe results were strikingly similar. During rocking at 1 Hertz, time spent asleep increased, and mice fell asleep twice as fast as at still condition. However, additional studies could allow the researchers to identify a new aim for treating sleep disorders, including insomnia(失眠). Until then, you might think about adding a little swing to your nighttime routine. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。研究人员在测试中发现, 那些被摇晃过的人比那些静止不动的人在睡眠方面更好。并且, 后来的测试发现, 摇晃对动物也有促进睡眠的作用。文章还介绍了这项研究的过程。1. Whats the purpose of the second study in the passage? A. To do research on the sleep system of other species. B. To discuss in which case rocking affects babys sleep. C. To see whether rocking affects sleep of other species. D. To study the influence of rocking on sleep disorders. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第四段中In the second study, Kompotis, a student at the University of Lausanne, rocked a rack of mice. Whether rocking affects sleep in other species was never before discussed. 可知在第二项研究中, 洛桑大学的学生Kompotis摇晃了一组老鼠。以前从未有人讨论过摇晃是否会影响其他物种的睡眠。由此可推知, 第二项研究的目的是观察摇摆是否影响其他物种的睡眠。2. What do we know about the mice in Paragraph 5? A. Their sleeping time increased when rocked at 1 Hertz. B. Their sleep disorder including insomnia was treated. C. When rocked, they fell asleep twice faster than at still condition. D. When rocked, they worked faster than their human counterparts. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第五段中During rocking at 1 Hertz, time spent asleep increased, and mice fell asleep twice as fast as at still condition. 可知在1赫兹的摇晃中, 老鼠的睡眠时间增加了, 老鼠入睡的速度是静止状态的两倍。由此可知, 当震动频率为1赫兹时, 老鼠的睡眠时间增加。3. Whats the best title of the passage? A. Rocking Helps Grown-ups Sleep Too. B. Deep Sleep Needs the Constant Swing. C. Rocking Greatly Affects Deep Sleep. D. Rocking Can Treat Sleep Disorders. 【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据第一段中Because two new studies show that rocking also helps grown-ups, both human and mouse, get a good nights sleep. 结合文章主要内容可知研究人员在测试中发现, 那些被摇晃过的人比那些静止不动的人在睡眠方面更好。并且, 后来的测试发现, 摇晃对动物也有促进睡眠的作用。文章还介绍了这项研究的过程。 【规律方法】标题归纳题属于深层理解题, 它要求考生在通读全文的基础上, 认真分析主人公的特定心态、文章大意及作者的写作意图。在此基础上, 还应做到概括性、针对性、醒目性的有机结合。概括性原则: 要求标题应在最大程度上覆盖全文, 囊括文章的主要内容, 体现文章的主题要旨。从全局的角度归纳概括出文章的标题。要防止本末倒置, 主次不分, 以点代面, 以偏概全。针对性原则: 针对性原则是对标题外延的一种界定。即标题的外延既不能太大也不能太小, 要量体裁衣, 大小适度。醒目性原则: 标题是文章的点睛之笔, 是文章的灵魂和门面。标题的好坏往往影响文章的可读性。读者往往从标题上决定文章的阅读取舍, 故标题往往比较醒目, 甚至比较离奇, 目的是吸引读者的注意力, 唤起读者阅读文章的兴趣。如第3小题, 根据第一段中Because two new studies show that rocking also helps grown-ups, both human and mouse, get a good nights sleep. 可知因为两项新的研究表明, 摇摆也有助于成年人, 包括人类和老鼠, 获得一个良好的睡眠。结合文章主要内容可知研究人员在测试中发现, 那些被摇晃过的人比那些静止不动的人在睡眠方面更好。并且, 后来的测试发现, 摇晃对动物也有促进睡眠的作用。文章还介绍了这项研究的过程。故A选项“摇摆也有助于成年人的睡眠”符合文章标题。BThe United States has about 475, 000 school busesall painted yellow. Each day they carry more than 25, 000, 000 children, half of all schoolchildren in the country. But these buses, on average, use four liters of diesel (柴油) fuel to travel less than sixteen kilometers. When the school year began last fall, diesel averaged 55 cents a liter nationally. The price nearly doubled, to a dollar and 8 cents, by the end of school in June. Bob Riley speaks for the American School Bus Council. He says fuel prices for schools are not much lower than others have to pay. As a result, schools are looking for ways to reduce transportation costs. Bus routes are being redrawn or, in some cases, canceled. Some areas are buying buses that use natural gas or other alternative fuels. Other steps include fewer field trips and less travel by sports teams. And some school districts may end any bus service not required by law. Studies show that school buses are the safest form of transportation to and from school. The American School Bus Council says cuts in bus service are bad for children and possibly the environment. It says removing buses from the road will mean an increase in other vehicles transporting students. Spokesman Bob Riley says another concern is that reducing bus services might reduce attendance. But it could also get more children to walk or bicycle to school. And that would surely make people happy at the National Center for Safe Routes to School. More kids walking or biking safely to school is the aim of a three-year-old federal program, part of an international movement. The goal is to increase physical activity and reduce air pollution. The United States will celebrate Walk to School Day on October eighth this year. But for some students, high fuel prices could make every day a walk-to-school day. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了高油价对校车的影响。4. What does this passage mainly tell us? A. High fuel prices influences on school buses. B. New measures to transport school students. C. The safest form of student transportation. D. The origin of Walk to School Day. 【解析】选A。主旨大意题。这类题目通常看首段和尾段的首尾句。由首段和尾段尾句But for some students, high fuel prices could make every day a walk-to-school day. 可知选A。高燃油价格对校车的影响。5. In order to cut down transportation cost, many schools take the following measures EXCEPT _.  A. changing some bus routesB. stopping some bus routesC. asking parents to drive children to and from schoolD. using other types of fuels【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据关键词cut down transportation cost可以定位到文中句子Bus routes are being redrawn or, in some cases, canceled. Some areas are buying buses that use natural gas or other alternative fuels. 由此可知C选项未被提及, 故选C。6. The National Center for Safe Routes to School encourages more children to walk or bike to school in order to _.  A. save more fuels and diesel for the countryB. keep the children safe on their way to schoolC. make the children live a simple lifeD. keep the children healthy and the environment clean【解析】选D。细节理解题。由题目可以定位到最后一段The goal is to increase physical activity and reduce air pollution. 目标是增加体育活动和减少空气污染。故选D。C“The moment before they called my name, I was really nervous because the other finalists presentations are really good and I thought they would win, ” Kara Fan, 14, who has won Americas Top Young Scientist, told Yahoo Finance. “When they announced my name, I was really surprised actually. ”To win that claim, Fans nano-particle liquid bandage had to surpass the experiments of hundreds of fifth to eighth graders as well as nine other finalists. Fan started developing her liquid bandage in April 2019 to fight the overuse of antibiotics(抗生素). According to the CDC, roughly 2 million people every year suffer a bacterial infection in the U. S. and about 23, 000 passed away as a result. If left alone, a UN study reported, drug-resistant diseases or the “superbug” could lead to 10 million deaths across the globe by 2050. When Fans sprayable bandage dries on a persons skin, it creates a thin layer that protects the wounded area while breaking the cell wall and killing the bacteria on the skin. After experimenting with copper nitrate(硝酸铜) to fight bacteria, switching to the silver nitrate ended up being the major catalyst (催化剂) to seeing results for her award-winning project. “Thousands of years ago, ancient people would use copper and silver to eat with and they would drink water from like copper bowls to kill bacteria, ” Fan explained. “I found out that it didnt work. So I used nano silver. ”Sir Alexander Flemings discovery of penicillina type of antibioticis Fans favorite scientific discovery. That said she doesnt think humans should rely too heavily on penicillin. Following her years at Westview High School, Fan hopes to continue her biology track at Stanford University. Along with the $ 25, 000 cash prize she won on October 29, becoming Americas Top Young Scientist may help get the private universitys attention. 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文, 讲述了获得美国最佳青年科学家奖的卡拉·范发明液体绷带的故事。7. How did Kara Fan feel about her winning the prize? A. Confident. B. Regretful. C. Proud. D. Unexpected. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When they announced my name, I was really surprised actually. ”卡拉·范说: “当他们宣布我的名字时, 我真的很惊讶”, 由此可知, 卡拉·范对自己的获奖感到很意外。8. For what purpose did Fan develop her liquid bandage? A. To fight overuse of antibiotics. B. To enter a national contest. C. To reduce deaths from injuries. D. To get into a good university. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Fan started developing her liquid bandage in April 2019 to fight the overuse of antibiotics”可知, 卡拉·范于2019年4月开始发明液体绷带, 以对抗抗生素的过度使用, 故A项正确。9. Which of the following does Fan use to kill bacteria? A. Copper nitrate. B. Copper. C. Silver. D. Nano silver. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Thousands of years ago, ancient people would use copper and silver to eat with and they would drink water from like copper bowls to kill bacteria, ” Fan explained. “I found out that it didnt work. So I used nano silver. ”可知, 范解释说: “几千年前, 古代人会用铜碗和银碗吃饭, 他们会喝铜碗里的水来杀灭细菌。但我发现这不起作用, 所以我用了纳米银(来杀菌)。”10. What might be Fans opinion about penicillin? A. Addictive. B. Valuable. C. Useless. D. Irreplaceable. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Sir Alexander Flemings discovery of penicillina type of antibioticis Fans favorite scientific discovery. ”可知, 亚历山大弗莱明发现的青霉素是范最喜欢的科学发现, 由此可知, 范认为青霉素是有价值的。