八年级英语下册 现在完成时专练与讲解 人教新目标版.doc

现在完成时专练 一、现在完成时概念:1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果. 2.表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。结构：have/has + 过去分词 (当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have。 过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。)否定式: 主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词 + 其他。 疑问式: Have /Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定)No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)用have, has填空:1.I _ told him the news. 2.She _ come back from school. 3.You _ won the game.4.They have bought a computer.(改成否定句) 5.He has lost his book.(先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答)二、现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响.例如: I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。(“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”） 2.I have just finished my work.（我刚做完工作。） 3.I havent finished the work yet.（我还没有做完工作。） 4.Has Bob had his lunch yet? （鲍布已经吃过中饭了吗？）现在完成时常用的时间状语有： （用于第一种概念）already（”已经”用于肯定句的中间和末尾处）；never (“从不” 用于中间处)； ever（”曾经”用于疑问句和肯定句的中间处）；just(“刚刚”用于中间处)； yet (“已经” 用于疑问句的末尾处 / “还”用于否定句的末尾处)或不加任何的时间状语，但不能和表示过去的时间状语连用.（1）already, just和yet: already, just和yet 表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。 He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。 He hasn't come back yet.他还没有回来。用 already或 yet1) Have they taken down the old pictures _? No, not _.2) Most of us have finished our compositions _3) He said he hadnt visited the exhibition _.（2）以ever和never: ever和never 表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过。This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。He has never been to Beijing.他从没有到过北京。（3）动作发生的次数: 若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次,则要使用现在完成时。He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。（4）so far: so far往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生。 He has got to Beijing so far.到目前为止他已到了北京。 She has passed the examso far.到目前为止她已经通过了考试。三、Since 和 for 的用法 （用于第二种概念）表示过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态常用的时间状语有：for, since, how long, so far, these days等。Since+过去点的时间，for+一段时间（数词+量词），此划线部分用how long提问。He has been away for two years.他已走了两年。(for+时间段)He has been an English teacher since 1992.自从1992年以来他一直当英语教师。(since+过去某一时刻)1、since短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今，since之后的时间为一点。 如：Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。Hes learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college. 他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词。2、for短语表示动作延续多长时间，for的宾语为时间段。 如：We have known each other for twenty years. 我们认识有二十年了。 I havent seen her for a long time. 我好久没有见到她了。练习：用since和for填空1) _ two years2) _ two years ago 3) _last month 4) _ 1999 5) _ yesterday 6) _ 4 oclock 7) _ 4 hours8) _ an hour ago9) _ we were children 10) _ lunch time11) _ she left here 1. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last. 2. Ive known him _ we were children. 3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years. 4. She has been away from the city _ about ten years. 5. Its about ten years _ she left the city. 6. We have learned five lessons _ the beginning of this term. 7. Mrs Liao has been in hospital _last week. 8. I have stayed at my aunts _two weeks.三.“终止”、“延续”要转换英语中的动词从词义上可以分为延续性和非延续性两种,在现在完成时态中一定要注意动词这一特性,应将这类非延续性动词转换为延续性动词。如:“The cat play” has been on for half an hour.猫已经开演半个小时了。How long have you had this dictionary?这本字典你买了多久了?初中阶段常见的有:come-be, go out -be out, leave-be away (from), begin-be on, buy-have, borrow-keep , join-be a member / 介词短语, die-be dead, become-be, open(v.)-be open(adj.) 等。注意非延续性动词： 非延续性动词用于现在完成时态，不能与 for 引导的表一段的时间状语连用。因为这个动作是不能延续一段时间的。初中阶段常用的非延续性动词有：come, go, move, arrive, leave, borrow, lend, buy, lose, finish, begin, start, get, receive, join, die, turn on,(off), put on, take off 等。如：She has bought the dictionary.延续性动词有：be, live, teach, study, have, work等等。非延续性动词若要用for或since引导的时间状语，应找一个表示持续状态的词(既延续性动词)或词组来代替句中的非延续性动词。如下列表格：eg: He left his hometown last year. He has been away from his hometown for one year. (前)非延续性动词（短暂性动词） (后)延续性动词1) join-be in 2) get up -be up 3) borrow-keep 4) buy -have 5) leave-be away from6) become-be a member of 7) turn on off-be on off 8)begin start-be on 9) end finish something-be over 10) come go-be here there 11)come go to sp. reach arrive in get to sp.-be in sp. Or: be in live in stay at sp. 12) die-be dead 13) get to know -know 14) close open-be closed be open2.短暂性转换延续性arrive at/in sp. get to/reach sp. come/go/move to sp. be in sp./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1)He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _2)I moved to the USA last year. I _ _ _ the USA since _ _3)I went home yesterday. I _ _ _home for _ _.4)They came here last week. They _ _ here since _ _.come/go back, return be backcome/go out be out1)He came out two years ago. He _ _ _ for _ _.2)We return to Fuzhou yesterday. We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _.become be1)I became a teacher in 2000. I _ _ a teacher for _ _.2)The river became dirty last year. The river _ _ dirty for _ _.close be closed open be open 1)The shop closed two hours ago. The shop _ _ _ for _ _. 2)The door opened at six in the morning. The door _ _ _ for six hours.get up be up die be dead leave sp. be away from sp. fall asleep/get tot sleep be asleep finish/end be over marry be married1)I got up two hours ago. I _ _ _ since _ _.2)He left Fuzhou just now. He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes3)My grandpa died in 2002. My grandpa _ _ _for _ _4)The meeting finished at six. The meeting _ _ _for six hours.5)I got to sleep two hours ago. I _ _ _ since _ _6)They married in 1990. They _ _ _since _.start/begin to do sth. do sth.begin be on1)I began to teach at this school in 1995.I _ _ at this school since _.2)The film began two minutes ago.The film _ _ _ for _ _.borrow keep lose not havebuy have put on wearcatch/get a cold have a coldget to know know1)They borrowed it last week. They _ _ it since _ _.2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I _ _ a pen for _ _. 3) I got to know him last year.I _ _ him since _ _.4)I put on my glasses three years ago.I _ _ my glasses for _ _.have/has gone to have been in 1) He has gone to Beijing. He _ _ _ Beijing for two days.join the league/the Party/the army be a league/a Party member/a soldier be a member of the league/the Party be in the league/the Party/the army1)He joined the league in 2002. He _ _ a _ _ for two years. He _ _ a _ _ the _ for two years. He _ _ _ the league for two years.2)My brother joined the army two years ago. My brother _ _ a _ for _ _.My brother _ _ in _ _ for two years.四、have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法1、have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等。例如： Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。此外还有这些搭配：have been here (there) /at home (school) /on the farm / abroad（在国外）2、have(has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用，例如：I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。 Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？注意：have(has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如:I have been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。3、have(has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。例如：-Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop. 汤姆在哪里？他到书店去了。Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。练习：I. 用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。A: Where _ Li Fei _? B: He _ to Hainan Island.A: How long _ he _ there? B: He _ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know? B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I _ never _ there.A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place? B: He _ there only once. II. 用have/has been to/in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。1.Where is Jack? He _ his country. 2.David _ the park just now. 3.John _ England since he came back. 4.How long _ have _ this village? 5.The Smiths _ Beijing for years.6._ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times. 7.I _ this school since three years ago. 8.Where is Jim? He _ the farm. 9.When_ he _? He _ an hour ago. 10.Would you like to _ the zoo with me? -Yes, but I _ there before. 11.Where _ you _ now? - I _ the zoo. 12.He often _ swimming. 13._ you _ there last year? 14._ they often _ skating in winter? 15.Where is Jack? He _ his country. 16.John _ England since he came back. 17.How long _ have _ this village? 18.The Smiths _ Beijing for years.19._ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times. 20.I _ this school since three years ago. 21.The Wangs _ Kunming to live. Im sure theyll be happier there. 22.I want to visit Mr. Emei. I _ (not) there before. 23.“ _ your father ever _Australia?” “Yes, he _ Sydney four times.” 24.“Where is your aunt?” “She _ the shop. She will be back soon.” 25.John _London in his car. He will stay there for some days. 26.Where are the boy students ? They _ to the school factory. 27.Is your father in ? No, he _ to Shenzhen. _he ever _ there before ? Yes, he _ there several times. 28.He asked me if _ to Hangzhou before. I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I _ never _ to that city before. 五、现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别： 两种时态都表示过去发生的事；现在完成时态表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，主要强调与现在的关系，所以不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。而一般过去时态只表示过去的动作或状态，与现在无关，它可以与表过去的时间状语连用。如表示过去的时间状语为：yesterday, three days ago, in 1990, just now = a moment ago etc. For example: 1)The students went to the farm to help the farmers last Sunday. 上周日，学生们到农场帮助农民。 2)The students have been to the farm. 学生到农场去了。3)Who has broken the glass? 谁打碎了玻璃？（强调现在玻璃碎了）4) I have seen the film three times.这部电影我已看了三遍。5）The plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）6）The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去） 7）I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在这儿已经教了十五年。（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。） 8.I taught here for a year. 我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示“我“现在已经不在这儿任教了）用一般过去时态或现在完成时态完成句子：1.They _ (go) to American last year. 2.They _ (be) to American three times.3.Im cold. I _ (leave) my coat on the bus on the way to school. 4.He _(never, visit) Hangzhou before. 5.I _ (hear) her talk about it many times. 6.Bill _ (not find) his watch yet. 7.The man _ (lose) a lot of money two days ago. 8._you _ (send) those letters? 9.We _ (not hear from) them for a long time. 10.“ Where is my ticket? I _ (put) it here when I _ (come) in.” 11.A: _ you _ (have) your lunch? B: Yes, I _ (have) it at half past six. 12.A: _ you _ (see) him this week? B: No, I _ (see) him last week. 13.A: _ you _ (receive) his New Years card? B:Yes, I _ (receive) it on 21st December. 14.A:_ you ever _ (eat) Beijing Duck? B: Yes, I _ (eat) some the year before. 15.A: He _(finish) reading this book. B: When _ he _ (begin) to read it? 16.A:_ you _ (take) the medicine? B: Yes, I _ (take) it after lunch. 17. A: _ you _ (sweep) the floor? B: Yes, I _ (sweep) it just a moment ago. Isnt it clean? 18. A: _ you _(be) to the Great Wall? B: Yes, I _ (go) there last Spring. 19.A: _ your aunt _ (arrive) yet? B: Yes, she _ (get) here just half an hour ago.20. A: _ you _(hear) from your uncle? B: Yes, I _(receive) a letter from him yesterday.21. “_ you _ (have) lunch ?” “Yes.” “When _ you _ (have) it?” “I _ (have) it at 12:00.” 22. “_ you _ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?” “Yes, I _. I _ (write) one last week.” 23. “_ he _ (finish) his homework?” “Not yet.” 24. “_ they ever _ (be) abroad?” “Yes, just once.” 25. Your father _ just _ (finish) his work. 26. Your father _ (finish) his work just now. 27. Last term I _ (learn) many English words. 28. They _ (not read) the interesting books yet. 29. He _ never _ (go) to the science museum. 30. _ you ever _ (drink) coke? 31. “_ you _ (buy) a dictionary? “ “Yes, I _ .” “Where_ you_ (buy) it?” “ I _ (buy) it in a bookstore.” “When _ you _ (buy) it?” “ Yesterday.”第四部分：练习一、写出下列动词的过去式 , 过去分词 .am_ _ come _ _ go _ _do _ _ ask _ _ speak_ _cut _ _ sit _ _ spend_ _get _ _ draw_ _ write _ _see_ _ say _ _ keep _ _eat _ _ buy _ _ hear _ _put _ _ fall _ _ give ?_ _read_ _ stop_ _ hurry_ _二、用括号内动词的现在完成时态完成下列句子：1Mr Lin _ (write) two letters to us since July. 2Zhong Ming _(not bring ) his text book. 3You _ (put) the keys into the pocket, _ you? 4Be quiet! Boys. The class _ (begin). 5Someone _(take) away my pen. 6The Green family _ (live) in Beijing for three years. 7They _ (not send) the book to me yet. 8The boy _ (lose) his ticket. He looks worried. 9My father isnt in. He _ (go) to Kunming. 10.The flower show (花展) _ (be) on for ten days.三、按要求将下列句子改为否定句和疑问句：1.He has answered the question. (一般疑问句) _2. We have had lunch. (否定句) _3.My uncle has been to Hainan.(对画线部分提问) _4.The boys have already read it. (否定句) _5.The old man has lived here for 30 years. (对画线部分提问) _6.I have been busy these days. (一般问句) _7.I have already arrived. （否定句和一般问句）_