山东省新泰市第二中学高中英语 Unit 1 《 A land of diversity》单词 新人教版选修8.doc

山东省新泰市第二中学英语选修8Unit 1 A land of diversity单词核心单词1. distinctionn. 差别；区分；卓著常用结构：make a distinction between 对加以区分win a distinction for 因而获功勋without distinction 无差别地；一视同仁地联想拓展distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的be distinct in .from . 在某方面与不同（as）distinct from . 与不同（的）He has a distinct gift for drawing.他有很明显的绘画天赋。You should make your writing distinct. 你应该把字写清楚。 2. meansn. 手段；方法（单数和复数形式相同）常用结构：by means of 用办法；借助by all means 一定，务必；好的，当然可以by no means 决不，一点也不（位于句首时，句子用部分倒装）by every means 用尽一切可能的办法易混辨析 means/way/method means指“方法、方式、工具”，着重于具体的手段（单复数形式相同）。 way指“一般的方法、方式或个人的特殊方法、方式”，与技巧或效果的好坏无关。 method指“有系统的、有效率的精心拟定的方法”，也可以指抽象概念“条理”。a way to do sth.a way of doing sth./a method of doing sth. 做的方法in this way/with the method/by this means 用这种些方法by the way 顺便问一下 on one s way to . 在去的路上in the way 挡住路温馨提示means作主语且有every, each等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有some, several, many, few等词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。Radio and television are important means of communication. 无线电和电视是重要的通信手段。Please find an alternative means of transport.请另外找一种运输方式。Every means has been tried. 每种方法都试过了。All means have been tried. 所有方法都试过了。She could not speak, but made her wishes known by means of signs.她不会说话，但她用手势表达了她的愿望。高手过招(1)单项填空 May I have a look at your book? . （2010·01·江苏南京检测）A. By this means B. By all meansC. By this way D. By any means（2）翻译句子 （原创）这绝非解决问题的良计。他借助一根绳子慢慢地下来了。3. majority n. 大多数；大半 A/The majority of doctors agree that smoking is extremely harmful to health.大多数医生认为吸烟对健康极为有害。The majority was/were in favour of the proposal. 多数人赞成这个建议。常用结构：be in the/a majority 构成大部分/大多数a majority over sb. 超过对方的票数联想拓展major adj.&n. 较大的；主要的；主修，专攻minority adj.&n. 少数；少数民族；未成年高手过招(1)单项填空Every means been tried and all well now.A. have; go B. has; goC. has; goes D. have; goes（2）完成句子 （原创）English speakers form the (大多数) of the population.(3)用适当的介词填空Among the members of the committee those who favour the changes are the majority. They had a large majority the other party at the last election. (4)用括号内所给词的适当形式填空The majority of people (prefer) peace to war.The majority of the damage (be) easy to repair.4. occur vi. 发生；存在；出现常用结构：occur to (主意或想法突然)浮现于脑中;被想起，被想到it occurs to sb. to do sth. 使某人想到做某事it occurs to sb. that . 某人想到Just then an idea occurred to me. 就在那时我想起了一个主意。It suddenly occurred to me that I had left my umbrella upstairs.我突然想到我把伞忘在楼上了。易混辨析 happen/occur/take place happen是一般用语，尤其指偶然发生，表示“碰巧、恰好”的意思。 occur 文言意味较浓,常指某特定事物的发生，也可以表示某种想法出现在人的头脑中。 take place 指事先计划或预料到的“发生”，此外还有“举行”的意思。New things are happening all around us.新事物在我们周围不断发生。The explosion occurred at 5:30 a.m. 爆炸发生在早上5点30分。When will the basketball game take place?篮球赛何时举行？ 高手过招单项填空It suddenly to the detective that the millionaire was probably murdered by his own daughter. （2010·01·安徽合肥检测）Happened B. occurred C. thought D. took place 解析：选B。由空格后的to可知，选B。occur to 一个想法突然呈现。 5. indicatevt. 指出；标示；表明；暗示I asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shop opposite.我问他我姐姐在哪，他指了指对面的商店。Research indicates that men find it easier to give up smoking than women.研究显示男人比女人更容易戒烟。常用结构：indicate sth. (to sb.)向（某人）表示某事；把指给（某人）看indicate that .表示；示意联想拓展indication n. 指出；表明indicative adj.指示的；暗示的 高手过招完成句子 （原创）The government has (表明) that it intends to cut taxes.A flashing red light (标示) that a stretch of road was undergoing repairs.There is every (表明) of a change in the weather.答案： indicated indicated indication重点短语6. live on 继续存在；继续生存She lived on for many years after her husband died.丈夫死后她继续活了许多年。联想拓展live on sth. 以某物为食；靠某种经济来源生活live by doing sth. 靠做某事为生live for sth. 以某事物为生活目标live through sth. 经历某事物而幸存live up to sth. 依照某事物行事；表现出符合某事物的标准live with sth. 接受或容忍某现象live to be. = live to the age of. 活到岁live a. life 过着的生活 高手过招用live的相关短语填空 （原创）The lonely old man charity. Mozart was dead but his music .My grandfather both world wars.We should work hard and try to our parents expectations.The brave girl is learning to her disability. 答案： lives on lives on lived through live up to live with7. team up with（与某人）一起工作（尤指为共同目标）；与合作The two companies have teamed up to develop a new racing car.那两个公司已合作研制新型赛车。高手过招完成句子 （原创）He (与某人一起合作) his brother in the doubles. 答案： teamed/teams up with8. mark out划线；标出的界线They marked out the tennis court with white paint.他们用白漆标出了网球场的界线。 Some of the best pupils have been marked out for special training.已经选出几名出色的学生进行专门训练。联想拓展mark sb. out for sth. 选出/选定某人做某事mark down 写下，记下；降低的价格mark up 标出；提高的价格mark in 加画；绘入mark out for 看中；选定Just a moment. Let me mark down your name and address.等一下，让我把你的姓名和地址记下来。Some shops marked up the goods unfairly.有几家商店的货价提高得不合理。He marked the book down to 49 cents.他把书的标价降为49分。 高手过招翻译句子 （原创）他被选定担当更高的职位。我把那一点记在我的笔记本上。答案：He was marked out for a higher position.I marked that down in my notebook.9. take in包括；吸收；接纳；欺骗The students find it easy to take in what you teach. 学生们发现你讲课很容易理解。 He had nowhere to sleep so we offered to take him in.他没地方可以睡觉，于是我们就提出让他留宿。 联想拓展take apart 拆开；剖析，抨击(论点等)take down 拿下，取下；拆卸；记下take back 取回，带回；收回说过的话；使回忆 起昔日take care of 照料；保管take up 开始从事；占用(时间或空间)；着手处理take medicine 服药take it easy 别紧张，慢慢来take over 继承；接收，接管take off 脱下(衣服等)；起飞take on 承担，从事；呈现take one s place 入座；代替某人的位置take one s time 不急，慢慢干 高手过招用take的相关短语填空 （原创）Don t be by his promises.Who do you think will now that the governor has been dismissed? These boxes of yours are too much space. I was really when seeing old photos. Dear ladies and gentlemen，please now .The opera is soon to begin.Tom carefully what the teacher said.答案： taken in take over taking uptaken back take your placetook down重点句型10. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. 最早一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在了解的加利福尼亚地区的，谁也说不清楚。what we now know as California是一个由what引导的名词性从句，作arrive in的宾语, what是复合关系代词，相当于the thing(s) that。因此，在名词性从句中可以用the thing(s) that取代的，只能用what。联想拓展名词性从句中what与that的区别：that在名词性从句中不作句子成分，what必须作句子成分。名词性从句中what与which的区别：指代前文已经提到过的对象或范围时，用which，否则用what。What he said sounds reasonable.他说的听起来有道理。(what作said的宾语)That our team has won the game has been proved.已经证实我们队赢得了比赛。(that在主语从句中不作句子成分)There are many books available. I don t know which to read.有许多书可供阅读，但我不知道读哪一本。(which指的是前文提到的books中的一本)What book do you want to buy?你想买哪种书？(没有提及买什么书或哪一类书)高手过招选词填空（that/what） （原创）This is he wanted.This is the thing he wanted.She is no longer she used to be.She is no longer the person she used to be.答案： what that what thatapparentadj.易看见的，可看见的；显然的，明明白白的；貌似的，表面的；显见apparently adv.显然地；表面上；似乎；显而易见1. It is apparent that the witness is lying.很明显证人在撒谎。2. The defeat of the revolution is only apparent.打败革命是唯一明显的。把下列短语填入每个句子的空白处（注意所填短语的形式变化）：by means of  make a life  occur to  team up with    mark out  take in  a great/good many    1 Our trip _ a visit to the old temple built in the Ming Dynasty.2 It never _ me to ask him for help. 3 I got to know Jack years ago and now we _ each other quite well. 4 Thoughts are expressed _ words. 5 _ workers joined in the general strike last week. They wanted higher wages. 6 The old man used to _ by selling newspapers. 7 We _ a tennis court on the lawn.Unit 1 一 第一组：1 apparent  2 nationalities  3 Strait  4 slip  5 racial  6 slavery  7 bakery  8 applicants  9 majority  10 ferried  11 hired  12 seagull  第二组：13 socialist  14 immigration  15 Insert  16 cattle  17 percentage  18 react  19 indicates  20 aircraft  21 means  22 swap  23 mixture  24 luggage 二 1 takes in  2 occurs to  3 team up with  4 by means of  5 A good many  6 make a life  7 marked out   单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）词汇部分词语辨析1. means / way / method 2. percent / percentage 3. obvious / apparent/ evident / clear 4. hire / employ / rent词形变化1. elect vt.选举，推举；选择vi. 进行选举，作出选择election n.选举，推举，当选elective adj.可任意选择的n.选修科目2. immigrate vi. 移入immigration n. 移民入境immigrant n.移民，侨民3. race n.赛跑；竞争；人种 v. 参赛racial adj. 人种的，种族的racism n. 种族歧视，种族偏见；种族主义4. apparent adj. 显然的，明白的，表面上的apparently adv. 显然，表面上地5. punishment n. 罚，刑罚punish vt. 惩罚，处罚重点单词 1. majority n. 大多数；大半 2. applicant n. 申请人3. occur vi. 发生；出现；存在4. indicate vt. 指出；标示；表明 5. slip vi. 滑动；滑行；滑跤 n. 滑倒；小过失；失误6. insert vt.插入，嵌入重点词组1. live on 继续生活或存在2. make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等3. keep up坚持；维持；沿袭古老的风俗 传统等；使某人不能去睡觉4. team up with（与某人）一起工作（尤指为一共同目标）；合作5. mark out 划线标出界线6. take in 包括；吸收；接纳；欺骗7. a great/good many 相当多，很多重点句子1. California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.重点语法名词性从句（见语法部分）9