英语初一升初二衔接.doc

,第一章 七年级下册知识点复习Unit 5 and unit 6频度副词及用法：频度副词主要指一定时间内动作发生的次数。 l I always go to school by bike.(100%)l I usually go to work by car.(80%)l I often go to school by bus.(60%)l I sometimes go to school by subway.(40%)l I seldom go to school on foot.（20%）l I never go to school by taxi.(0%)除此之外，常见的这类副词及短语还有：everyday, twice a week, once a week等注意： 对频度副词用How often 提问： 例：1. How often does he go to the park? Twice a week. 2. How often do you go to the library? Everyday ! 2. 交通方式的表达 A. 交通工具: bus taxi bike train plane subway car等等。 B. 乘坐交通工具，用by+交通工具，中间不加任何词：by bike, by bus, by plane/by air除此之外，还可用其他词汇这样表达：take a bus, ride a bike, take a taxi, walk to C. 对交通方式或者方式的提问用 how, e.g. How do you go home? I go home on foot. How does she go to work? By bus.3. 关于借物：borrow, lend, keep Borrow: 短暂性动词，指从别人那里借来东西。Lend: 指把自己的东西借出去给别人，lend sth. to sb.Keep: 持续性动词，可指“借多久”， 可以接时间段。练习：May I _ your knife? Please _ it to me. You can _ them for 3 days.4. There be 句型：表示某地或某时存在某人，某事或或某物。谓语使用就近原则。e.g. There is an orange and two apples on the table. 将来时结构为：There is going to be / there will be e.g. There is going to be a meeting tomorrow morning.句型变化：a. Is there a computer in your study? Yes, there is./ No, there isnt. b. Are there any shoes under the bed? Yes, there are./ No, there arent. c. What is on the table? There is a knife and a fork.与“have”的区别：have 指“某人拥有什么”， 强调所属关系。e.g. I have many science books.课堂小练习1. There _ any rice in the bowl. A. are B. Is C. isnt D. arent2. There _ many apples on the tree last year. A. have been B. were C. are D. is3. There _ a film tomorrow evening. A. will have B. have C. is going to be D. has4. There is some milk in the bottle, _? A. isnt there B. arent there C. isnt it D. are there5. How many boys _ there in the Class One? A. be B. is C. are D. am6. There _ a lot of good news in todays newspaper. A. is B. are C. was D. were7. There _ pencil-box, and some flowers on the desk. A. is a B. are some C. has a D. have some8. There _ an apple and ten bananas in the basket. A. are B. is C. has D. have9. _ any flowers on both sides of the street? A. Is there B. Are there C. Has D. Have10. There is little water n the glass, _? A. isnt there B. isnt it C. is it D. is there5. 表示地点与方位: on/ at/in/above/ under/beside/near/behind/next to/across from On the right/left, in front of/ in the front of, at the back of/ at back of 6. 问路，指路与距离 问路：u Excuse me, is there a .near here?u Excuse me, how can I get to/ Could you tell me how to get to?u Where is? u Excuse me, which is the way to/ Which bus goes to?指路：l Go up this street to the end andl Go alongand turn left at the first street.l Sorry, I dont know. Im new here.l You can take bus No.12.l Its about 400 meters from here.l Youd better take a taxi.距离How far is it from here? Its about 5 kilometers away from here./ Its 2 hours by bike.7. 现在进行时用法：1）表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作。常和now连用，有时用动词look!(瞧)，listen!(听)来表示“此时此刻”这一时间概念,或者使用祈使句Dont引导的句子。结构为：be + doing e.g. He is reading books in the library now. Listen, someone is playing the piano. Look, they are dancing. 注意区别于一般现在时：一般现在时:表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态，或表示说话者的能力，或普遍真理。 用法:1)经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。 I go to school on foot on weekdays. / He is very busy every day.2)表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。He can swim. / I work hard. / She likes watching TV. 3)表示客观真理 There are seven days in a week. / The moon moves round the earth.标志:often（经常）,usually（通常）,sometimes（有时）,always（总是）,never（从不）, on Sundays（在星期天）, every day/month/year（每一天/月/年）课堂练习( )1. Listen! They _ in the next room.A. sing B. is singing C. are singing D. were singing( )2. Lucy is always busy. She _ only five hours every day.A. is sleeping B. will sleep C. would sleep D. sleeps ( )3. Its eight oclock. The students _ an English class.A. have B. having C. is having D. are having ( )4. -Is your father a doctor? -Yes, he is. He _ in Town Hospital.A. has worked B. is working C. works D. worked( )5. On Sunday he sometimes _ his clothes and sometimes _ some shopping.A. wash; do B. is washing; is doingC. washes; does D. washes; is doing( )6. -Mary, could you help me? -Wait a moment. I _.A. read a book B. did my homework C. was watching TV D. am cooking dinner.( )7. -Tom _ the piano in the room. -Please ask him to come here.A. play B. plays C. played D. is playing( )8. -Can your father drive? -Yes, and he usually _ to school.A. drove B. is driving C. drives D. has driven ( )9. -Excuse me, where is Jim? -Oh, he _ dumplings in the kitchen.A. makes B. will make C. is making D. made( )10. He said the sun _in the east and _in the west.A. rose; set B. rises; sets C. rises, set D. rise; sets( )11. Dont turn on the TV. Grandma _ now.A. is sleeping B. will sleep C. slept D. sleeps( )12. -_ you _ a book? -Yes, I am.A. Do; read B. Are; read C. Are; reading D. Are; looking( )13. Sometimes she _ in the day, but now she is _.A. works; working B. working; work C. work; working D.work; work( )14. Jenny_ English every evening.A. has study B. studies C. study D. studied( )15. Wang Mei _ music and often _ to music.A. like; listen B. likes; listens C. like; are listening D. liking ; listen8. 一些重点单词及短语 Early catch walk ride return easy interesting difficult boring beautiful large stop turn across danger last fast carefulThe same to come on have a short rest in ones free time a few of course Look for on time put on fromto be friendly to talk about put away In the center of at the end of a lot of close to far from right now Be late for across fromUnit 7 and unit 81.主要词汇短语 1-12 月份：January February March April May June July August September October November December 序数词： first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth. 四季：spring summer autumn/ fall winter Weather: warm hot rain snow cloudy rainy snowy sunny windy cool cold Sport birthday party present shape ago anything mean enjoy wash happen angry arrive busy travel trip believe important prepare start shout hold race be born do some cleaning have a good time take pictures be good at/ do well in with the help of/ with ones help enjoy oneself at once tell a lie be different from put up prepare for stay up 2. 天气 询问天气：a. 一般现在时：How is the weather? /Whats the weather like today? Its sunny./ Its hot. b. 一般过去时：How was the weather?/ What was the weather like? It was sunny./ It was hot. 关于温度：Whats the temperature? The temperature is 20.3. 谈论能力： 使用情态单词can, 后接动词原形，没有人称变化，但是有过去式could. She can sing English songs. Can you dance? Yes, I can. / No, I cant. I can swim now, but I couldnt swim when I was five.4. 意愿和打算 Hope 表示希望，指比较容易达成的目的： hope to do Wish 表示希望，指不容易达到的目的或意愿：wish (sb.) to do Want 想要， 表示个人的意愿，want （sb.） to do Would like: 用法和want 一样 Plan: 计划，plan to do e.g. I hope to find a pen pal. I wish to be a rich man. / I wish you to win the first prize. I want/would like to buy a present for her. I plan to go to Hangzhou this summer.5. 一般过去时一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。结构是“主语+动词的过去式”可以从以下几个方面来理解：1、过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，句中有明确的表示过去的时间状语如：yesterday（昨天）, last night（昨晚）, last week（上个星期）, four days ago（四天前）, in 2002（在2002年）, just now（刚才）, the day before yesterday（前天）等。表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。e.g. I bought a new shirt yesterday. He was a worker two years ago.2、过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。e.g. When I was a child,I often played with fire. Li Lei always walked to school last term.其句式变化分为两种情况：1)含有be动词的直接把be 动词改成过去式. e.g. I was born in 1980. I was not born in 1980. Were you born in 1980? 2)含有行为动词的变否定句要在行为动词前加助动词didnt.,同时把动词变成原形; 变一般疑问句,在句首加助动词did,同时把动词变成原形. e.g. I bought a gift for my mum yesterday. I didnt buy a gift for my mum yesterday. Did you buy a gift for your mum yesterday? 课堂练习 请用正确动词形式填空。 1. I _ an exciting party last weekend. （have） 2. She _ at home yesterday morning. （is） 3. Tommy _ TV at his uncles last night.（watch） 4. They all _ to the mountains yesterday morning. （go） 5. My friend, Carol, _for the math test yesterday evening. （study）6They_(be) on the farm a moment ago.7There_(be)a shop not long ago.8 Jenny_(not go)to bed until 11:00 oclock last night.9 Danny _(read )English five minutes ago.10 I _(see)Li Lei _(go) out just now.按照括号中的要求改写句子。 11. Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句） Lucy _ _ her homework at home. 12. She found some meat in the fridge.（变一般疑问句) _ she _ _ meat in the fridge? 13. She stayed there for a week.（对划线部分提问） _ _ _ she _ there? 14. There was some orange in the cup.（变一般疑问句) _ there _ orange in the cup? 15. Li Ming is at school now. （用yesterday 改写句子） Li Ming _ at school yesterday. 第二章 句法与写作基础一. 了解句子成分与词类之间的关系。 据自由句子成分组成，而句子成分又由某些特定的词语担当。句子成分分为：主语， 谓语， 宾语， 表语，补语， 定语和状语。（1） 主语主语是一个句子叙述的主体，说明句子讲的是谁或者什么情况。名词，代词，数词，不定式，动词ING等都可做主语。Mary is a good student.He enjoys going fishing.Playing football is my favorite sport.（2） 谓语谓语一般放在主语之后，用来说明主语的动作，特征，行为或者处于什么状态。谓语通常由动词或短语来充当，有时态，语气，语态和人称和数的变化，前面还可以加上助动词或者情态动词等。The room can hold twenty people. (情态动词+ 动词原形)She teaches us English. （第三人称单数）My mother bought me a new sweater. (动词过去式)（3） 表语用来表述主语的特征，状态，身份等，一般跟在连系动词之后，一起构成系表结构。可以作表语的有名词，代词， 数词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式和动词ING等等。 He is a lucky dog. Her work is to look after the baby. Keep quiet, please. The weather becomes warmer and warmer in spring.（4） 宾语宾语在句子中充当动作的承受者表明行为动作的支配对象。可以做宾语的有名词，代词，数词，不定式，动词ING等等。介词之后也叫宾语。 Walls have ears. I remember to give back his bike.I send a postcard to my friend yesterday.（5） 宾语补足语有些谓语动词虽然带了宾语，但句子意思并不完整，还需要有一个补充说明句子意思才完整。这个补充说明的成分就叫宾语补足语，用来说明宾语的行为，特征和状态，身份等。能够充当宾语补足语的的有名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式和动词ING。I want him backHis jokes make me laugh.I see her playing with her little brother.Mother tells me not to swim in the river.（6） 定语定语用来修饰名词和代词。除动词之外，其余词类都可做定语。放在修饰词前面的叫前置定语，放在修饰词后面的叫后置定语。 Ann is a young singer. There is a beautiful picture on the white wall. You can see green leaves on the trees in spring. （7） 状语用来表示时间，地点，原因，方式，程度，目的，结果，条件等等的叫状语。状语一般放在句尾，有的也可谓语句首或句中。The plane will take off in ten minutes.Its really beautiful. We will go to the park by bike.Judy wants to hold her birthday party at her home.I like going shopping very much.试画出下列句子的句子成分1. The book is about Chinese history.2. You should hold my hand.3. I want to know that beautiful girl under the tree.4. They are working on the farm now.5. The old man was feeling very tired.6. People speak English in America.7. I often go to school on foot.8. Sam didnt do his homework yesterday. 选出句中谓语的中心词 I dont like the picture on the wall.A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus?A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homework二.了解句子的各种类型 句子可以按照不同类别进行分类。我们主要学习按照用途划分，这样可分为陈述句，疑问句，祈使句和感叹句。（1） 陈述句用于陈述一件事情或一种观点的句子叫陈述句，包含肯定句和否定句，句末用句号。He is willing to help others.We cant live without water and air.（2） 疑问句疑问句是用来询问事情的句子。常用的有一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句和反意疑问句。l 一般疑问句 常用来询问一件事情是否属实，一般要用yes 或 no 来回答。 Does Helen always do housework? Yes, she does.l 特殊疑问句 主要用来对陈述句中某个成分进行提问，常用的疑问词有7个wh- 和 how。 What will you use to do it?/ where are you going?l 选择疑问句 说话人提出一个或两个以上的选择，供对方选择的问句。选择疑问句可用一般疑问句形式也可用特殊疑问句形式，选择项之间用or 连接。What would you like, tea or milk? Id like tea.Do you like tea or milk? I like milk.l 反意疑问句 通常在陈述句之后加上一个与之意思相反的简短问句构成，主要是说话者对所叙述的情况有一定看法后，想通过一个问句来获得进一步肯定。You can ride a bike, cant you?They are having a good time, arent they?（3） 感叹句感叹句是抒发强烈情感的句子，如欢乐，愤怒，惊奇等。What 和how 常用来引导感叹句。How careful you are!What a wonderful movie!（4） 祈使句用来表示请求，命令，劝告，建议等的句子叫祈使句。祈使句一般没有时态，也不用情态动词，只需要动词原形来表示即可。Be careful! Dont swim in the lake.Please open the window.根据句子结构划分，句型又可分为简单句，并列句和复合句（1） 简单句 句子如果只包含一个主谓结构就是简单句，但是它也可包含定语等其他成分。Tom loves singing very much.The weather gets longer and longer.（2） 并列句 由两个或两个以上的简单句并列而成，并用分号或并列连词相连接。This book is Jims and that one is mine.Jane played the piano and Amy danced at the birthday party.（3） 复合句 复合句由一个主句和一个及以上从句构成。从句也是一个完整的句子，充当主句的某种成分，如 状语从句，宾语从句，表语从句等等。We will go for a picnic if it doesnt rain tomorrow.I am reading when my mother comes in.Mary didnt go to school because she was ill.三. 六种基本句型 A. S + V (主语 + 谓语) 此类句型中的动词谓语都是不及物动词，可以单独表达完整的意思。 后面不接宾语，但是可以接副词等状语。 常见的不及物动词有：arrive, wait，come，go, laugh, rise, begin等等1. 我每天六点起床 2. 她舞跳得很好 3. 你走开 S V Time flies。 Class begins。 The sun rises. I am crying.B. S + V + P (主语 + 系动词 + 表语) 系动词不能完整地表达一个意思，必须在后面接上表明主语身份或状态的词才能表达完整的意思。1. 我又累又饿 2. 他觉得很开心 3. 这鱼闻起来真香 系动词包含 be 动词，smell， look，sound，taste，feel，keep等表状态，以及 go, turn, get, become, grow等表变化。 S V P This is an English book. The dress looks beautiful.The weather becomes warm.Her face turns red. C.