2019高考英语一轮核心考点探究与练习教材复习篇Unit5Thepowerofnature含解析新人教版选修6.doc

Unit 5The power of nature李仕才【短文语法填空】3-D printers 1.(be) around us for some time.There is a lot you can do and imagine with a 3-D printer.Now add “building a house in a day” 2. the list. A company in China has 3.(recent) used 3-D printers to make ten full-size houses in just 24 hours.And each of the houses covers an area of 200 square meters.These houses are printed with special “ink”4. has been made from industrial construction waste.The using of cheap material makes 5. possible to print each house under $5,000.The CEO of the company says,“They are both environmentally 6.(friend) and cost-effective.”He plans to set up 100 recycling factories across China and continue 7.(change) waste into cost-effective “ink” for 3-D printers.He also hopes his printers can be used to build tall 8.(build).However,at present,multi-storey 3-D printed buildings are not allowed in China.So its impossible that the 3-D printing technology will be 9.(wide) used to build homes any time soon.Maybe there is still 10. long way to go. 答案1.have been2.to3.recently4.that/which5.it6.friendly7.changing/to change8.buildings9.widely 10.a(对应学生用书P154)appoint vt.任命，委派；指定；约定(1)appoint sb.as/to be.任命某人为appoint sb.to do sth.委派某人做某事appoint a time/place for为约定时间/地点(2)appointment n任命；约会make/have/fix an appointment with sb.与某人预约keep/break an appointment 守/违(失)约(教材原句)I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory(HVO)twenty years ago.二十年前我被任命为火山学家，为夏威夷火山天文台工作。The time _appointed_ (appoint) for the meeting was 10：30 am.规定开会的时间是上午10点30分。Tom and John had made an _appointment_ (appoint) with the manager.Tom had arrived at the _appointed_ (appoint) time，while John had broken the _appointment_ (appoint) for some reason.Later，Tom _was appointed_ (appoint) as/to be a sales director.汤姆和约翰与经理做好了约定。汤姆在定好的时间到达；而约翰却由于某种原因失约。后来汤姆被任命为销售部经理。suit n一套外衣；套装vt. 适合；使适宜(1)suit sb.适合某人suit ones needs 适合需要(2)a suit of clothes 一套衣服(3)suitable adj.适当的；相配的be suitable for sb./sth.适合于某人/某物be suitable to do sth.适合做某事(教材原句)We had white protective suits that covered our whole body，helmets，big boots and special gloves.我们都穿着白色的防护服遮住全身，戴上了头盔和特别的手套，还穿了一双大靴子。It was really difficult to find a _suitable_ (suit) job，but I was lucky to get one because the manager thought I was suitable _for_ the work.I went to buy a black suit to wear in the office.But when I arrived at the office，the manager said the color _didnt suit_ (not suit) me.How disappointed I was.找到一份合适的工作的确是很难，但我很幸运的找到了，因为经理认为我适合这种工作。我去买了一套黑色的衣服在办公室里穿。但当我到了办公室的时候，经理说这种颜色不适合我。我是多么失望呀！(2016·全国卷)If not，let me know what time _suits_ (suit)you best. 如果不行的话，请让我知道什么时候最适合你。effort n努力；努力的成果，成就make an effort/efforts(to do sth.)努力(做某事)make every effort 尽一切努力spare no effort 不遗余力with(an)effort 费力地；使劲地without effort 毫不费力地in an effort/efforts to do sth.努力做某事I know you dont like her，but you could make an effort _to be_ (be)polite.我知道你不喜欢她，但你要尽量礼貌些。Theyve been working day and night _in_ an effort to get the bridge ready on time.为了使桥能准时完工，他们一直夜以继日地工作。Despite all our _efforts_ (effort) we still lost the game.尽管我们尽了全力，我们还是输掉了比赛。panic n惊慌，恐慌vi.惊慌vt.使恐慌(1)(2)(教材原句)I felt very nervous and had to force myself not to panic.我非常紧张，不得不强迫自己不要惊慌。The whole nation is _in_ a state of panic following the attacks.袭击过后整个国家一片恐慌。The audience were thrown _into_ a panic when the fire started.当起火时观众顿时陷入了一片慌乱中。guarantee vt.保证；担保n.保证；保证书(1)guarantee against(from) 保证不guarantee sb.sth./guarantee sth.to sb.向某人保证某事guarantee to do sth.保证做某事be guaranteed to do 肯定会做，必定会做guarantee sth.(to be).保证某物是guarantee that.保证(2)under guarantee 在保修期内give sb.a guarantee(that) 向某人保证(教材原句)Take this opportunity，and I guarantee you wont regret it.抓住这个机会吧，我保证你不会后悔的。If you yell at him，hes guaranteed _to do_ (do) the opposite of what you want.如果你向他大喊大叫，他肯定会跟你对着干。The car is less than a year old，so it is still _under_ guarantee.这辆车还不到一年，因此还在保修期内。单句语法填空(2017·江苏卷)_To guarantee_ (guarantee) its economic growth, China needs to deal with the population issue properly, as its workers are getting older.【七选五】Coming face­to­face with your inadequacies(缺点)can be painful，to say the least._1_ It even makes you question yourself.Your knee­jerk reaction may be to get defensive or even dismiss the critique entirely.But handling negative feedback with grace will not only make you look gracious，but it could ultimately help you grow as a person.Here's how to do it.1Be objective about the criticismBefore you jump to conclusions and begin to challenge the other person's opinion，take a step back and look at it objectively.Next time you get a bad review，don't immediately allow your emotions to get the better of you，but rather，take a moment to consider whether the criticism is at all accurate._2_2Avoid unnecessary conflictIf you decide that the point is valid，it may be hard to take.In your discomfort，you may feel the urge to criticize the other person angrily and defend yourself._3_3Be open to the idea of change_4_ And it may be because of a concept called “cognitive dissonance” that can prevent us from changing even when that's what we need most.4Ask questionsIf you're open to using the criticism as a springboard to improvement，you will likely need more information._5_ Your emotions will be running high，and you may not be particularly receptive to extra information.However，when you feel ready，it could be worth revisiting the subject with the person who criticized you.Even if you don't agree with their advice，thank them and promise to consider it.AMost of us are pretty stubborn.BThere is no doubt that change is necessary.CBut it's best to avoid getting into an argument.DBeing sensitive to criticism leads you nowhere.EIt challenges the way you believe people see you.FGive yourself a chance to really take in the information and evaluate it.GThe initial moment you hear it may not be the best time to ask for more details.【解题导语】听到别人对你的批评也许会很痛苦，但是如果优雅地处理这些问题，自己将变得更好。1E根据空后一句话可知，空处与下一句是递进关系，E项“这会挑战你认为别人看待你的方式”，所以E项符合语境。2F根据空前的“don't immediately allow your emotions to get the better of you，but rather，take a moment to consider whether the criticism is at all accurate”可知，空处应讲给自己一个机会真正吸收这些信息并对其进行评估。故F项符合语境。3C根据该段小标题“Avoid unnecessary conflict”可知，C项“但是最好避免陷入争吵”符合语境。4A根据空后的“And it may be because of a concept calledcognitive dissonance that can prevent us from changing even when that's what we need most”及本段小标题可知，A项“我们大部分人都很倔强”符合语境。5G根据空后的“Your emotions will be running high, and you may not be particularly receptive to extra information”并结合上文可知，空处应讲最开始听到批评时不适合问更多的细节，故G项符合语境。make ones way 前往；获得成功fight ones way 奋力前进feel ones way 摸索前进force ones way 强行前进；挤出去push ones way 挤出来take/go ones way 我行我素wind ones way 蜿蜒前进make way for 为让路lead the way 领路(教材原句)It was not easy to walk in these suits，but we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red，boiling centre.穿着这些衣服走起路来实在不容易，但我们还是缓缓往火山口的边缘走去，并且向下看到了红红的沸腾的中央。Im glad that he _makes_ (make) his way in his career.我很高兴他在事业上有所进步_Having felt_ (feel) his way through the forest，he _lost_ (lose) his way back home，only to find a river _winding_ (wind) its way down the hill.摸索着穿过森林，他迷失了回家的路，仅发现一条小溪沿着山坡蜿蜒流下来。vary from.to.由到不等(1)vary in sth.(大小、形状等)不同；有别vary with 随变化；改变vary between.and.从到转变(2)various adj.各种各样的；多姿多彩的(3)variety n种种；多样化a variety of 种种(教材原句)The height of the land varies from 700 metres above sea level to over 2,000 metres and is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals.这里地面的高度由海拔700米到2000多米不等，是多种多样的珍稀动植物的生长地。People vary very much _in_ their ideas.人们在观念方面大不相同。The color of the leaves _varies_ (vary) with weather.叶子的颜色随着天气而变化。【短文改错】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2018·潍坊市高考模拟考试)Dear Sir/Madam，I have received the sneakers that I buy from your online shop.With the excitement，I unwrapped the package but found something wrong with them.So Im writing to inform you the problems.First，the color of the sneakers that I want are red instead of black.Second，size 41 is too large for them.That annoys me most is that there are several little stain on one of the sneakers.They really look awfully.If putting in my situation，how would you feel?I'd like to change this pair for a new one and give me the money back.Looking forward to your early reply.Sincerely yours，Lin Ming【答案】Dear Sir/Madam，I have received the sneakers that I from your online shop.With excitement，I unwrapped the package but found something wrong with them.So Im writing to inform you the problems.First，the color of the sneakers that I want red instead of black.Second，size 41 is too large for . annoys me most is that there are several little on one of the sneakers.They really look .If in my situation，how would you feel?I'd like to change this pair for a new one give me the money back.Looking forward to your early reply.Sincerely yours，Lin Ming第一处：考查动词的时态。根据“I have received”可知，此处表示过去的事情，因此应用动词的过去式。第二处：考查固定搭配。with excitement是固定搭配，意为“怀着激动的心情”。第三处：考查固定搭配。inform sb.of/about sth.是固定搭配，意为“通知某人某事”。第四处：考查主谓一致。本句中，主语“the color of the sneakers that I want”的中心词是“color”，因此谓语动词应用单数。第五处：考查代词。根据语境可知，运动鞋是“我”买的，所以应是对于“我”来说41号太大了。第六处：考查连词。that虽然能够引导主语从句，但不能在从句中充当成分。本句中的主语从句中缺少主语，因此不能用that来引导。名词性从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语的时候，只能用what来引导。注意首字母大写。第七处：考查名词复数。可数名词stain前面有“several”修饰，因此要用复数形式。第八处：考查形容词。句中的“look”属于感官类动词，在句子中的用法相当于系动词，因此后面应用形容词作表语。第九处：考查动词。If引导的是条件状语从句，从句省略了主语“you”和be动词完整形式为if you were put in my situation，故将putting改为put。第十处：考查连词。根据语境可知，“我”想要换一双新的，或者给“我”退款。此处表示选择关系，而非并列关系。_It is said that_ this boy，who had a great gift for languages and persuasion，is the father of the Manchu people.据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，他具有语言天赋和很强的说服力。It is said that.据说句中的It是形式主语，它所代表的是后面that引导的主语从句。(1)It is believed/reported/thought/supposed/hoped/expected that.据相信/报道/认为/推断/希望/预计People believe/report/think/suppose/hope/expect that.人们相信/报道/认为/推断/希望/预计(2)It is known to all that.众所周知The banks are widely _believed_ (believed) to be planning a cut in interest rates.人们普遍认为银行正在计划降低利率。_It_ is known to all that China is a country with a long history._As_ is known to all，China is a country with a long history._What_ is known to all is that China is a country with a long history.众所周知，中国是一个历史悠久的国家。It is said that a new shopping mall _was built_ (build) in the city the other day.A new shopping mall is said to _have been built_ (build) in the city the other day.据说几天前一家新商场在该市落成了。It is hoped that.可转化为：“主语be过去分词不定式”结构，其中不定式根据需要有时态和语态的变化。It is said that he _has gone_ (go)abroad.He is said _to have gone_ (go)abroad.据说他出国了。【阅读理解】If you think that running marathons will help you live a long and healthy life，new research may come as a shock. According to a recent scientific study，people who do a very strenuous workout are as likely to die as people who do no exercise at all.Scientists in Denmark have been studying over 1，000 joggers and non-joggers for 12 years. The death rates from the sample group indicate that people who jog at a moderate pace two or three times a week for less than two and a half hours in total are least likely to die. The best speed to jog at was found to be about 5 miles per hour. The research suggests that people who jog more than three times a week or at higher speeds of over 7 mph die at the same rate as non-joggers. The scientists think that this is because strenuous exercise causes structural changes to the heart and arteries(动脉).Over time，this can cause serious injuries.Peter Schnohr，a researcher in Copenhagen，said，“If your goal is to decrease risk of death and improve life expectancy，jogging a few times a week at a moderate pace is a good strategy. Anything more is not just unnecessary，and it may be harmful.”The implications of this are that moderate forms of exercise such as tai chi，yoga and brisk walking may be better for us than “iron man” events，triathlons and long-distance running and cycling. According to Jacob Louis Marott，another researcher involved in the study，“You dont actually have to do that much to have a good impact on your health. And perhaps you shouldnt actually do too much”.1.The underlined word “strenuous” in Paragraph l is closest in meaning to“_”.A. hardB. regularC. practicalD. flexible2.The author presents some figures in Paragraph 2 to _.A. suggest giving up joggingB. show risks of doing sportsC. provide supportive evidenceD. introduce the research process3.According to the scientists，why is too much exercise harmful？A. It may injure the heart and arteries.B. It can make the body tired out.C. It will bring much pressure.D. It consumes too much energy.4.What can be inferred from the text?A. No exercise at all is the best choice.B. More exercise means a healthier life.C. Marathons runners are least likely to die.D. Proper exercise contributes to good health.【文章大意】本文主要讲述了做运动过多或过少都对身体有害，只有做适量的运动才对身体有益。1.A 【解析】考查词义推测。hard耗费体力的；regular有规律的；practical实际的；flexible灵活的。由第一段最后一句“According to a recent scientific study，people who do a very strenuous workout are as likely to die as people who do no exercise at all.”可知，一点不做运动的人和非常艰苦锻炼的人都极有可能死，故应选A。3.A 【解析】考查细节理解。由第二段倒数第二句“The scientists think that this is because strenuous exercise causes structural changes to the heart and arteries(动脉).”可知，做过多的运动有害是因为它可能伤害心脏和动脉，故应选A。4.D 【解析】考查推理判断。根据第三段可知，做运动过多或过少都对身体有害，只有做适量的运动才对身体有益，故应选D。 11