2019版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练19含解析.doc

2019版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（19）李仕才A(2017·兰州高考诊断考试)Most episodes of absent­mindednessforgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a roomare caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter.“Youre supposed to remember something, but you havent encoded it deeply.”Encoding，Schacter explains，is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create an annoying situation. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and dont pay attention to what you did because youre involved in a conversation, youll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe(衣柜). “Your memory itself isnt failing you, ” says Schacter. “Rather, you didnt give your memory system the information it needed. ”Lack of interest can also lead to absent­mindedness. “A man who recites sports statistics from 30 years ago, ”says Zelinski, “may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.” Women have slightly better memory than men, possibly because they are more interested in whats happening around them, and memory relies on just that.Visual cues(提示) can help prevent absent­mindedness, says Schacter. “But be sure the cue is clear and available, ”he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen tabledont leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.Another common episode of absent­mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why youre there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time, ” says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and youll likely remember.1What does the underlined word “episodes” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?AExperiences.BExperiments.CExpressions. DFeelings.2According to the passage, women have better memory than men probably because_Athey have a wider range of interestsBthey always put things where they wereCthey pay more attention to their environmentDthey prefer to write notes to tell themselves what they should do3What can help prevent absent­mindedness according to Schacter?AWriting notes.BTaking some medicine.CPutting something in sight.DReturning to where you were.4What is the best title for the text?AA Way of RecallingBThe Importance of EncodingCCures for Absent­mindednessDCauses and Coping Strategies of Absent­mindedness 参考答案14、ACCDB(2015·山西大学附中第五次月考)Paper is a cheap and accessible medium that can produce beautiful results.To most people，making a paper plane could be one of the simplest things to do.Its the simplest and easiest form of paper art.And paper art can be traced back to Japan, where it originated over a thousand years ago.However, theres a special minority who takes paper art to the next level，magically turning the plain white or colored paper into some of the most amazing artworks.Check out the following artists and their works!The Danish artist Peter Callesen is famous for his talent in combining the minimalism(极简的) of a white sheet of paper with the complexity of carefully cut and folded paper and uses the two to build out some pleasing works.The British artist Su Blackwell often goes to secondhand bookstoresto look for materials with which she can carve out delicate sculptures.The models look as if they “grow” naturally from the pages of the books.The artist finds inspiration from the book title or a paragraph or picture inside and then spends months carefully slicing each one into an eye­catching paper model.Her old book sculptures sell for up to 5，000 each.By carefully folding simple pieces of paper, German artist Simon Schubert creates amazing masterpieces.He turns paper into architectural masterpieces by folding a simple piece of paper to shape the creases(褶痕), then unfolding it to show the fascinating artwork.Another master of paper­folding is Jen Stark.Her artwork is often in the form of colorful caves and topographic(地形的) maps.Using her vivid imagination and a special knife, she is a modern day magician who turns humble materials like construction paper and glue into fantastic，complicated sculptures that puzzle the eyes.Her work draws inspiration from nature.1According to the passage, paper art _Ais about plane­foldingBis most prosperous in JapanCdates back to 1000 BC.Dis now on a new level2The British artist mentioned in the passage _Acombines the minimalism and complexity of paperBoften gets inspired by secondhand booksCmakes architectural masterpieces with Simon SchubertDis a magician who uses simple paper materials3According to the passage, Jen Stark _Ais from Germany Buses paper to build complicated shapesCcreates things too puzzling to understandDworks also as a magician4What does the underlined word “humble” in the last paragraph probably mean?ACommon and popular.BSimple and cheap.CUseless and priceless.DNumb and meaningless.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。纸艺术历史悠久，当今纸艺术已发展到了一个新高度。本文主要介绍了几个在纸艺术方面造诣颇深的艺术家。1解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However，theres a special minority who takes paper art to the next level，magically turning the plain white or colored paper into some of the most amazing artworks.”可知，现在有一些人能魔术般地将普通的白纸或彩纸制作成令人惊叹的艺术作品，将纸艺术发展到了一个新的水平。故答案选D。2解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The British artist Su Blackwell often goes to secondhand bookstores.The artist finds inspiration from the book title or a paragraph or picture inside”可知，文章中所提到的这位英国艺术家经常从旧书中得到灵感。故答案选B。3解析：选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“she is a modern day magician who turns humble materials like construction paper and glue into fantastic，complicated sculptures that puzzle the eyes”可知，Jen Stark可以将纸变成形状复杂、令人惊异的艺术作品。故答案选B。4解析：选B。词义猜测题。“humble”后面的“construction paper and glue”意为“美术纸和胶水”，且和下文“fantastic，complicated sculptures”形成对比可知，美术纸和胶水都是一些很简单且便宜的物品；由此可推知，“humble”的意思应为“简单的，便宜的”。故答案选B。CBLOOD DRIVE MARROW（骨髓）REGISTRATION“These patients deserve a chance at a normal, happy future and they rely on the kindness of the strangers to make that happen. Daisy, Isabelles MotherIsabelle is the daughter of Daisy and Saman Mirzaei. In January 2008 Isabelle was diagnosed（诊断）with a genetic blood disorder，beta thalassemia. Isabelles body is unable to produce healthy red blood cells. As a result, Isabelle has been receiving blood transfusions (输血) every 4-6weeks since she was 11 months old. A lifetime of regular transfusions can lead to serious medical problems. Her only chance at a normal, healthy life is to have a marrow transplant. Isabelle is an only child, so doctors have started a search for an unrelated marrow donor through The Match Registry. The Mirzaei family asks that you consider helping patients like Isabelle by registering to be a marrow donor and give the gift of life, the gift of blood.Held at Wiley HallWednesday, March 26, 2014Behind Heathman Dormitory/Butterfield Rd.12:00 PM - 6 :00 PMDont forget to bring your drivers license or another form of identification when you donate.Visit www.ribc.org to make an appointment, Sponsor Code 3390.FREE Kingston Pizza ! ! !Marrow Donors: BE THE MATCHbethematch.org·be 18 to 44 years old·in good health·give a swab(化验标本)of your cheek cells for marrow typing·FREEsponsored（赞助）by Michaels FundWWW. ribc. org 800-283-8385The Rhode Island Blood Center distributes blood products to hospitals in Rhode Island and Southern New England.1. We can learn from the passage that_.A. the blood drive is organized by Isabelle's motherB. Isabelle receives blood transfusions regularlyC. Isabelle has been ill for 11 monthsD. doctors will sponsor Isabelle's family2. To be a marrow donor, you must_.A. be a relative of the patient B. carry a driver's licenseC. be at least 18 years old D. apply to Michael's Fund3 . Those who want to help patients like Isabelle can _.A. come to Wiley Hall every Wednesday B. visit www. ribc. org for an appointmentC. contact their parents at 800-283-8385 D. call at hospitals in Rhode Island文章大意：本文是一则公益广告，号召人们为了那些需要进行骨髓移植的人捐献骨髓。介绍了与之相关的具体信息。1. B 。细节题。根据文章第一段3,4行. As a result, Isabelle has been receiving blood transfusions (输血) every 4-6weeks since she was 11 months old.可知她自从她11个月以来，就一直在接受输血。故B正确。2.C。细节题。根据be 18 to 44 years old可知捐献者必须是在18-44岁之间。故C正确。3. B。细节题。根据Visit www.ribc.org to make an appointment, Sponsor Code 3390.可知愿意捐献的人可以访问这个网址进行联系约定。故B正确。D(2015·河北衡水中学二模)The earth provides us with almost everything that we need to eat, sleep, work and entertain.To do all this, we use the earths resources.Because some of us have more buying power, they end up using more resources than they usually need.At the same time, we also create a great deal of waste and pollution.So we also need to think about how much land we use to deal with that waste.Then two things happen：first，large numbers of the worlds population get much less resources than they need to live；second, the earth is damaged.The amounts of resources we consumed are like footprints.They show whose lifestyles are a burden on the earth and whose lifestyles are not.Because a few people eat up most of the earths resources, the majority have to bear the consequenceslike pollution. This is the ecological footprints that the earth keeps in its memory.Some years ago, a famous expert, called William Rees, developed this idea of the ecological footprints.Today, this idea has become like a magnifying glass(放大镜)It allows us to see whether we are living lives in a way that keeps the earth in a reasonably good shape.Once the earth goes out of shape, there is no hope for human beings.Countries like the United States and Canada have big ecological footprints.Rees calculated that the average amount of energy and materials consumed by a Canadian is what a land of 4.3 hectares can produce.India has a footprint of 0.4.This means that the energy and materials consumed by an Indian is what 0.4 hectares of land can produce.But if we look more carefully，we will find that even within India, the footprints of the city Indian are much larger than the rural Indian.1Which of the following is the best title for this text?AFootprints on the EarthBHow to Protect the EarthCFootprints of Wild AnimalsDHow to Reduce Pollution on the Earth2Our footprints on the earth refer to _Athe cities we buildBthe cultures we createCthe marks we leave on roads behind usDthe resources we use and the waste we produce3According to the text, rich people _Ashould give more money to the poorBare using too many resourcesCare helping the poor to live better livesDshould live in rural areas with the poor4We learn from the text that Rees _Aput forward the idea of the ecological footprintsBthought highly of the United States and CanadaCthought India was an extremely poor countryDthought rich people made great contributions to society【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。我们消费及浪费的能源数量就是留在地球上的脚印，脚印越多说明消费的资源越多，给地球造成的负担越重。一旦把地球踩得变了形，那人类就没有了生存的希望。1解析：选A。标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，第二段是本文的主题段。根据第二段第一句主题句“The amounts of resources we consumed are like footprints.”并结合下文中多次提到的“footprints”可知，A项意为“地球上的脚印”，适合做标题。故答案选A。2解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The amounts of resources we consumed are like footprints.”可知，地球上的脚印指的是我们消费的能源数量。故答案选D。3解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第一段第三句“Because some of us have more buying power，they end up using more resources than they usually need.”可知，有更强购买力的人使用的资源超过了他们的实际需要，即富人消耗的资源太多。故答案选B。4解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Some years ago.William Rees，developed this idea of the ecological footprints.”可知，答案选A。E What is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop? The products displayed at the entrance? Or the soft background music?But have you ever notice the smell? Unless it is bad, the answer is likely to be no. But while a shops scent may not be outstanding compared with sights and sounds, it is certainly there. And it is providing to be an increasing powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase.A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be attractive but it may not just be used for freshening air. One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers intension to purchase increased by 80 percent.When it comes to the best shopping streets in Pairs, scent is just as important to a brands success as the quality of its window displays and goods on sale. That is mainly because shopping is a very different experience to what it used to be.Now the rise of electronic commerce (e-commerce)has opened up famous brands to a wider audience. But while e-shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks-and-mortar shops(实体店)can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave. Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a destination. And scent is just one way to achieve this.Now, a famous store uses complex man-made smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder floats through the kid department, and coconut scent in the swimsuit section. A department store has even opened a new lab, inviting customers on a journey into the stores windows to smell books, pots and drawers, in search of their perfect scent.1. According to the passage, what is an increasingly powerful tool in the success of some brand store?A.Friendly assistant.B.Unique scents.C.Soft background musicD.Attractive window display.2. E-shops are mentioned in the passage to _ .A. show the advantages of brick-and-mortar storesB. urge shop assistants to change their attitudeC. push stores to use sights and soundsD. introduce the rise of e-commerce3. Which statement would the writer agree with?A.Put different shop on the products on display.B.Ask every shop assistant to wear light perfume.C.Place fragrant flowers in the shopD.Expose some coffee bean to air inside a coffee shop.4. The main purpose of the passage is to _ .A. compare and evaluateB. examine and assessC. inform and explainD. argue and discuss【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了采用香味提高销售量的理念。文章讲述了香味对于传统实体店的影响。各大品牌店都加强了味觉对顾客消费欲求的刺激，并根据商品不同调节香味。1. B【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段But while a shops scent may not be outstanding compared with sights and sounds, it is certainly there. And it is providing to be an increasing powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase.可知，一些商店的成功中，独特的香味起着重要的作用。故选B。3. D【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段的句子A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be