高级中学英语高频词汇知识学习材料拓展延伸.doc

,Aabandon v. 抛弃，舍弃，放弃同义词：desert v. 抛弃(着重指违背法律责任和义务，或自己的信仰与誓言的行为)；擅离职守；开小差n.沙漠；荒地（易混淆词：dessert n. 餐后甜食；甜点）give up：侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃拓展：abandon the baby/friend/ the plan/ idea/ effort/ hope abandon oneself to 陷入，沉湎于 例句： He abandoned himself to despair. (in despair)ability n. 能力；才能 able a. 能够；有能力的拓展：the ability to walk 行走的能力 be able to do sth.前缀：disable/disability the disabled/rich (the+adj.代表一类人)同义词：capability, genius, talent, competence, gift；able, capable, competentabnormal a. 反常的，变态的反义词：normal, informal, extraordinary, uncommonordinary people, extraordinarylife(在英语写作中可以用到)turn plain life into extraordinarylife近义词：formal(正式的)；ordinary(普通的ordinary people)；common(常见的，共有的) have sth. in common；common sense常识commonwealth共和国；英联邦；团体；协会aboard prep. 上（船，飞机，火车，汽车等）去掉一个字母：board (board meeting董事会 boarding school寄宿学校)onboard上车，在车上或在飞机上 accommodation n.住宿，膳宿abolish v. 废除，废止形近：polish vt.& vi.（使）光滑，擦亮；变得完美，润色 apple of polisher马屁精 apple-polish v. 逢迎；讨好, 拍马屁abortion v. 人工流产，堕胎联想：(get)pregnant adj.怀孕的 deliver a baby接生婴儿about ad. 大约；到处；四处 prep. 关于；在各处；四处 拓展：be about to do (when) =begoingtodo How/What about询问情况或建议absence n. 不在，缺席 拓展：absent-minded adj. 健忘的，心不在焉的 adv. 健忘地，心不在焉地 be absent from work/ school present adj. 出席的 presence n. 出席absorb v. 吸收，使全神贯注拓展：be absorbed in 专注于，聚精会神于(同义词组：focus on, pay attention to)abuse v.（酗酒）滥用,虐待,恶语 助记：ab+use (ab是一个表示“不”的否定前缀) abuse alcohol/ drugs 酗酒 /嗜毒拓展： abuse power/ position/ privilege 滥用权力/职权/特权accept v. 接受 acceptance n. 接受拓展：acceptable adj. 可接受的；(社会上)认同的 unacceptable adj. 不能接受的access(to) n. / v. 通道，入径，存取（计算机文件）accessible a. 可到达的，可接受的，易相处的，平易近人的易混淆词汇：assess评定；估价accompany v. 陪同，陪伴，与同时发生拓展：accompany sb. to the supermarket company n. 作伴，伴侣accomplish v. 完成 (同义词：complete) accomplishment n. 成就，成绩拓展：accomplish the task/ purpose/ goal (在英语写作中可以用到)achieve vt. 达到，取得 (同义词：gain) achievement n 成就拓展：achieve success/victory/ones goal (在英语写作中可以用到) a sense of achievement成就感 a sense of satisfaction 满足感 a sense of belonging归属感 a sense of responsibility 责任感accustomed(to) a. 习惯于,惯常的 拓展：be/ get/ become accustomed to doingbe used to doing 习惯于 used to do过去常常account n. 账目;描述 (助记：ac+count )拓展：open an account开户；account of解释；on account of因为account for=take up/occupy 占倒装标志词：onnoaccount绝对不,无论如何不要(never, never，little，no ,hardly，seldom，not，by no means，in no case，in no time（立刻、马上），not until，no longer，no soonerthan，hardlyscarcelywhen，so，neither，only置于句首时,部分倒装)acquire v. 获得，得到(知识) acquisition n. 获得，得到近义词：require, request 形似词：in/enquire require：常用被动语态,表示"需要,要求,命令"require doing sth., require sth. of sb. 或 require sb. to do sth.request：(语气委婉)表示"请求,恳求,邀请"in/enquire与of, about连用表示"询问"与into连用表示"调查".action n. 行动 拓展：act as 充当；扮演；起作用 take action to do sth. put sth. into action/practice 把付诸实施助记： play戏剧，line台词， plot情节 play a role/part in=make a difference in 起作用active a. 积极的，主动的(passive被动的) activity n. 活动拓展：经常用副词actively take part in activities积极地参加各种活动 active /extinct volcano 活/死火山在写作中三多可以让句子生动从而提高分数：多用副词修饰动词，形容词修饰名词，副词修饰形容词acknowledge v. 承认 熟词生义：acknowledge sb. 向某人打招呼(完型常考点)across prep. 横过，穿过 cross v.拓展：come/run across碰到=run into get across（使）被理解；（使）被接受accuse v. 指控，指责 拓展：accuse sb. of (doing ) sth. 控告 be accused of be charged withadapt(to) v. 使适应(adjust to)，适合，改编 adaptation n. 适应，改编本拓展：adapt oneself to the new surroundings 调整自己适应新环境换一个字母： adopt v. 收养，领养，采纳adopt a child the adopted son/ daughter adopt a new policy/ a suggestion/ a plan/ an attitude adept adj. 擅长的 n. 专家，能手 be adept in at=be good ataddress n. 地址 vt. 写地址；向讲话（尤指演讲），解决(完型常考点)拓展：address the letter to sb. 给某人寄信 The president addressed the public.admission n. 准入, 接纳 admit vt. 承认，准许（入场，入学(录取)，入会） 拓展： admit ones mistakesadmit doing/having done 例句：He admitted having stolen the money.sb be admitted to被录取 He has been admitted to Beijing University.admission fee 入会费； 门票； 学费advance v. 推进，促进(promote)；前进 advanced adj. 先进的/ 高级的拓展： in advance(ahead of time) 预先，事先 an advanced workeradvantage n. 优点(merit，strength，strong point，virtue)好处 反义词：disadvantage (shortcoming；defect；weak point；weakness)拓展： take advantage of 利用 have an advantage over 优于 weigh advantages and disadvantages 权衡利弊advocate v. 拥护，支持(support, back)，提倡affair n. 事，事情(私事；风流韵事)同义词：mission(军事)任务； task课业,一般事务； event(体育，大事)事件affect vt. 影响 affection n. 喜爱，钟爱同义词：effect，influence have an effect/influence/impact on 对有影响afford vt. 负担得起（的费用）；抽得出（时间）；提供 拓展：can(not)/could(not)/be able to afford sth./to do sth. affordable housing 保障房，经济适用房against prep. 对着，反对(for 赞成) ，衬着拓展：stand against the wall 靠墙站着 ；be against sth. 反对例句：They are strongly against the plan.The pine tree were black against the morning sky.age n. 年龄；时代 (agingsociety老龄化社会)(有相关阅读)air n. 空气；大气 拓展：the USAirForce 美国空军 festiveair 节日氛围 Were poor and we never put onairs. 我们贫穷但从不装腔作势。in the air 悬而未决 on the air 在播放 off the air 停止播放alone adj/adv. 单独的 孤独的拓展： She is alone at home. 她独自一人在家。The shoes alone cost $200. “只有，仅仅” let /leave sb. /sth. alone 别打扰 let alone 更不用说 lonely adj.“孤单的，无伴侣的，无人烟的，荒凉的，偏僻的”拓展： a lonely man / island. feel lonely孤寂的，寂寞的 He lives alone but he doesnt feel lonely.alternative a.可供替代,非传统的(alter+native) 拓展：alter v. 改变 alternate adj. 轮流的；交替的 v.交替；轮流ambiguous a. 模棱两可的(这个词经常出现在阅读题中问作者的态度是什么)阅读题中问作者的态度的高频词汇：positive肯定的 negative否定的； optimistic乐观的pessimistic悲观的； neutral/impartial中立的；compromise妥协的；cautious谨慎的； indifferent/unconcerned不关心的，冷漠的； objective客观的subjective主观的； favorable/approval赞成的的 disapproval不赞成的；supportive支持的； critical批评的；suspicious/doubtful怀疑的；tolerant容忍的；ambitious雄心的，野心的；impractical/unrealistic不切实际的，空想的；practical/realistic现实的amuse vt. （使人）快乐，逗乐 amusement n. 娱乐 拓展：amuse sb. 使高兴 be amused by/at/ with 被逗乐 amuse oneself 自娱自乐 to ones amusement让某人发笑angle n. 角度；比喻（考虑、问题的）角度；观点同义词：point of view，viewpoint，standpoint， perspective stand in others shoes(站在别人的角度换位思考) (在英语写作中可以用到)another(后+单数可数名词) a. 再一；另一；别的；不同的 pron. 另一个 单选考点：one is the other is；someotheranswer n. 回答,答复;回信;答案 v. 回答,答复;回信;（作出）答案 拓展: the answer to the question answer a question/the door/the phone answer for 对 负责 anxiety n. 担忧，焦虑 anxious a. 忧虑的，焦急的 拓展: be anxious about sth. for sb. be anxious to do sth. 渴望的，急切的appeal v. 上诉，申诉，吸引力，恳求例句：The design has appealed to people of all ages. 吸引 I appeal to you to protect the environment. 恳求appear vi. 出现；(系动词： 似乎，好像 ) (反义词：disappear)appearance n. 出现，露面；容貌 例句：It appears that all the files have been deleted. 档案好像都已经被删除了。judge sbs by appearances/looking 以貌取人(judge a book by its cover)applicant n. 申请人 application n. 申请 apply v. 申请 拓展： apply for 申请；请求 apply sth to 运用，应用 apply oneself to 致力于，集中精力做某事appoint v. 任命，委任，安排，确定（时间地点） appointment n. 约会 反义词：disappoint v. 失望 to ones disappointment 令人失望的是approve v. 赞成,同意,批准,通过 approval n.助记：ap+prove证明 反义词：disapprove拓展：approve of 赞成，同意 approve the plan/ proposal 通过计划/ 提议 arise (arose, arisen) vi. 起来，升起；出现 A new crisis has arisen. 新危机出现。形近词：rise (rose，risen)，raise(raised，raised)，arouse(aroused，aroused)rise: The sun s in the east. 升起 He s at 6:00 every day. 起床give sb. a rise 给某人涨工资 on the 在增长give rise to造成; 引起， 导致raise: raise ones hand/ voice举起手，抬高声音 raise sbs awareness 唤起某人的意识 raise a dog raise money 筹集钱 arouse：arouse suspicion引起怀疑 arouse the appetite激起食欲arm n. 手臂,支架 武器（复） vt. 以装备,武装起来 armwith拓展： arm in arm 手挽手 take up arms 拿起武器(weapon)Armed with the new equipment, the explorers entered the cave.be armed to the teeth 全副武装around adv. 大约；旋转；到处，四处；在周围 prep. 围绕；在附近拓展：around the corner 在拐角处，即将到来 around the clock 昼夜不停地 as ad.& conj. 像一样；如同；因为 prep. 作为，当做拓展：as+adj./adv.原级+as 和一样 主将as soon as/if 从现 一就 as soon/much as possible表示虽然，尽管，引导让步状语从句，常用倒装语序：adj./adv./n.+as +主语+谓语+主句Young as he is, he knows much. Tired they were, they worked hard.attend v. 看护，照料，服侍；出席，参加 attention n. 注意，关心 attentively ad. 注意地 拓展：attend a meeting I have a few other things to attend to. 处理attend to sb. 看护 attend to a baby pay ( much/no/little) attention to hold/draw ones attention tofix ones attention/mind/eyes on attract ones attentionattitude n. 态度; 看法拓展：Attitude is everything. (在英语写作中可以用到) positive/negative attitude 积极/消极的态度 optimistic/pessimisticattitude乐观/悲观的态度Optimisticattitudetowards life - No One Can Be Perfect（在英语写作中可以用到）换一字母：altitude海拔；高处；高地；高度award n. 奖品，奖励 拓展：award 侧重于奖励 reward 侧重于报酬，报答（某人、某事）away ad. 离开；远离 拓展：right away =at once=in no time=immediate立刻，马上 give away =let out泄露，赠送analyze v. 分析 analysis n. 分析，分析结果拓展：analysisparalysis分析瘫痪; 优柔寡断(有相关阅读)Bbachelor n. 未婚男子，单身汉拓展：bachelor of science 理学学士 bachelor of art 文学学士back ad. 回（原处）；向后 a. 后面的； n. 后部；背v. 支持拓展： back to back 背靠背 face to face面对面 hand in hand手拉手side by side 肩并肩 heart to heart心连心look back 回顾，追溯到date/track back to turn ones back on 避开，不理睬badly ad. 坏，恶劣地；非常，在很大程度上例句：Why do you want to go so badly? 为什么你这么想走？(完型常考点)balance n. 平衡 balanced adj. 均衡的拓展：lose ones balance 失去平衡 be on a balanced diet均衡饮食ban n. 禁令 v. 禁止；取缔 拓展：a ban on smoking 禁烟令 ban/forbid sb. from sth./ doing 禁止某人做barrier n. 屏障，障碍(obstacle)，关卡base n. 根据地，基地（棒球）垒 basic a. 基本的 basis n. 原因，缘由，要素拓展： base sth. on/upon sth. 以为基础 be based onHis book is based on a true story. 这本书根据真实故事改编。basic knowledge/skills 基础知识/技能bear v. 承受，负担，承担；忍受(stand，put up with)；容忍 n. 熊 拓展： The ice is too thin to bear your weight. 承受 (重量) bear the burden/responsibility 负担, 承担 bear/keepin mind 记住 bear fruit 生（孩子）；结（果实）begin (began,begun) v. 开始,着手同义词组：set out to do sth. set about doing sth. get down to doing sth.beginning n. 开始，开端 at the beginning ofbeat (beat, beaten) v. 敲打；跳动；打赢 n.（音乐连续有节奏的敲击）节拍拓展：My heart is beating faster than usual. He beat me in the game. 击败beat &defeat &strike & hitdefeat在战场上打败敌人；beat是游戏、比赛的专门用词behind prep. (表示位置)在后面 ad. 在后面；向后 拓展：drop/ fall behind 落后 leave sb./sth. behind 遗落、忘带belief n. 信条，信念；信仰 （可数: beliefs）拓展： religious/ political beliefs beyond belief/imagination/description 难以置信/想象/形容believe v. 相信，认为 believe it or not (插入语)信不信由你beneficial a. 有利的，有帮助的，有用的 benefit n. / v. 优势,益处,使受益拓展：benefit from/ by. benefit a lot 受益匪浅best（good, well 的最高级）a. & ad. 最好的；最好地，最 n. 最好的（人或物）拓展：do/ try ones best to do 尽全力做 make the best (use)of尽量利用best-seller n. 畅销书 better (good, well 的 比较级) a.& ad. 更好的(地)；更，更多 拓展：had better do最好做 否定：had better not dobetween prep. 在（两者）之间；在中间 拓展：read between/beyond the lines体会言外之意beyond prep. (表示位置) 在的那边 拓展： beyond ones imagination/description 难以想象/描述 beyond ones power 超出能力范围 beyond my wildest dreams 做梦也没想到busy a. 忙（碌）的 busily adv. 拓展：be busy with sth. be busy (in) doing 忙于做blame n.& v. 责备；责怪 scold v. 责骂拓展：be to blame 应该受到责备（主动表被动） blame sb. for doingsb. be blamed for blank n.& a 空格，空白（处）；空的；茫然无表情的 a blank expression 拓展：blank out (脑子)一片空白 black out 停电blind a. 瞎的 deaf a. 聋的 拓展：be blind to =turn a blind eye to对视而不见、熟视无睹 turn a deaf ear to 置若罔闻，装没听到 blindly copy 盲目地模仿board n. 木板；布告牌；委员会；（政府的）部 v. 上（船、火车、飞机） 拓展：on board 在船（车、飞机） board a train 上火车boom n. / v. 繁荣=prosperity (反义词：depression衰退/衰落)，轰鸣，激增 拓展：baby boom 生育高峰/婴儿潮(有相关阅读)both a. 两；双 pron. 两者；双方 拓展：bothand两者都 neithernor两者都不 eitheror两者之一bottle n. 瓶子拓展：bottleneck n. 瓶颈；瓶颈路段（常引起交通堵塞）；（尤指工商业发展的）瓶颈，阻碍breath n. 气息；呼吸 breathe vi. 呼吸 breathless a. 气喘吁吁的，上气不接下气的拓展：hold ones breath屏住呼吸 take a deep breath 深呼吸 out of breath喘不过气来bring (brought, brought) vt. 拿来，带来，取来 拓展：bring up 抚养，培育 bring about造成，引起导致（某事） bring out显现brother n. 兄；弟 brotherhood n. 兄弟般的关系 去掉一个字母：bother to do /doing 花费时间精力做某事；给.造成麻烦，痛苦burn (-ed, -ed 或 burnt, burnt) v. 燃，烧；使烧焦；使晒黑 n. 烧伤；晒伤 拓展：burn down 烧毁 get burnt 被晒伤 burn to the ground= completely destroyed 夷为平地burst v. 突然发生； 突然发作 拓展：burst out laughing/ crying = burst into laughter/ tears 突然大笑起来/痛哭起来but conj. 但是，可是 prep. 除了, 除外 拓展： notbut 不是而是 we have no choice but to wait. 除了等待别无选择。 We can do nothing but wait. 除了等待什么也不能做。but for 要不是、若没有（引导含虚拟语气的句子）But for your help, I would have failed.Ccan (could) cant = can not modal v. 可能；能；不能 n. （美）罐头拓展： less-than-canned 不刻板的(有相关阅读)cant help doing = cant help but do 禁不住 can nottoo = can nevertoo 越越好/再也不为过例句:You can never be too careful when crossing the street. 过马路时再小心也不为过。care n. 照料，保护；小心 v. 介意，在乎；关心 拓展：take care of=look after 照顾/保管 take care (that)当心(look out) I dont care. 我不在乎/我不放在心上。care for 喜欢；照顾 care about 关心；在乎carefree(childhood) adj. 无忧无虑的careful a. 小心，仔细，谨慎的 careless a. 粗心的，漫不经心的 拓展：be careful of 当心,小心 listen(to) carefullycarry vt. 拿，搬，带，提，抬，背，抱，运等 拓展：carry on 继续，进行 carry out 实施，执行case n. 情况；病例；案件；真相 n. 箱；盒；容器 拓展：in case +句子/in case of +n. 以免，万一 in this/that case 如果这样/那样的话 in no case 绝不 as is often the case 事实往往如此catch(caught, caught)v. 捉住；赶上；染上（疾病） catchy adj. 易记的；易使人上当的；迷人的拓展：catch up with 赶上 catch sight of 看见 catch sb. doing 撞见/捉住某人做某事 catch ones eye= attract ones attention 引起某人注意；引人注目cater v. 提供饮食，承办酒席；满足需求拓展：cater for sth./sb. The class caters for all ability ranges. cater to sth./ sb. It catered to all tastes.cause n. 原因，起因 vt. 促使，引起，使发生 拓展：cause and effect 因果 cause of education 教育事业caution vt./n. 谨慎，小心，警告 cautious a. 小心的，谨慎的拓展：be cautious of/ about. with caution 小心地 caution sb. (not)to do caution sb. against. 警告某人警惕central a. 中心，中央；主要的，中心的 centre (美 center ) n. 中心，中央 拓展：play a central role in 在起着主导作