2019高考英语阅读理解专题选编5含解析.doc
2019高考英语阅读理解专题选编（5）李仕才AGrey clouds move as low as smoke over the treetops at Lolo Pass. The ground is white. The day is June 10.It has been snowing for the past four days in the Bitterroot Mountains. Wayne Fairchild is getting worried about our trek over the Lolo Trail-95 miles from Lolo Montana to Weippe in Idaho, across the roughest country in the West. Lewis and Clark were nearly defeated 200 years ago by snowstorms on the Lolo. Today Fairchild is nervously checking the weather reports. He has agreed to take me across the toughest, middle section of the trail.When Lewis climbed on top of Lemhi Pass,140 miles south of Missoula, on Aug.12,1805,he was astonished by what was in front of him; high mountain chains still to the West of us with their tops partially covered with snow. Nobody in what was then the US knew the Rocky Mountains existed, with peaks twice as high as anything in the Appalachians back East.Today their pathway through those mountains holds more attraction than any other ground over which they traveled, for its raw wilderness is an evidence to the character of two cultures: the explorers who braved its hardships and the Native Americans who prize and conserve the path as a sacred (神圣的)gift. It remains today the same condition as when Lewis and Clark walked it.The Lolo is passable only from July to mid-September. Our luck is holding with the weather, although the snow keeps getting deeper. As we climb to Indian Post Office, the highest point on the trail at 7,033 ft, we have covered 13 miles in soft snow, and we hardly have enough energy to make dinner. After a meal of chicken, I sit on a rock on top of the ridge (山脊）.There is no light visible in any direction, not even another campfire. For four days we do not see another human being. We are occupied with the things that mix fear with joy. In our imagination we have finally caught up with Lewis and Clark.1. We learn from the text that before 1805 .A. The Rocky Mountains were wholly covered with snowB. there were no people living in the western part of AmericaC.no Americans knew of the existence of the Rocky MountainsD. the Appalachians were the western frontier of the United States2.We learn from the text that the Lolo Pass .A. has changed a lot since 1805 B.is the meeting point of three culturesC. remains much the same as it was 200 years ago D. now attracts a large number of tourists to visit3.Judging from the text, Lewis and Clark were most probably .A. two native Indians B. explorers of the early 19th centuryC. merchants who did business with the IndiansD. travelers whose curiosity took them over the Lolo Pass4.We can infer from the text that when crossing the Lolo Pass the author .A. was attempting the impossible B. was trying to set a world recordC. was following the trail of Lewis and Clark D. was fighting with weather and taking unnecessary risks【文章大意】本文纪录的是一次追寻前人足迹的探险，尽管天气、路程等的艰难，但是在作者看来却是已经赶上了以前的探险者。1.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段Nobody in what was then the US knew the Rocky Mountains existed, with peaks twice as high as anything in the Appalachians back East.可知答案为C。2.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句It remains today the same condition as when Lewis and Clark walked it.可知答案为C。4.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段的描述可知，作者他们是沿着Lewis and Clark的足迹进行探险的。B(2015·河北衡水中学高三第二次模拟考试)The last time I saw him was 12 years ago. Twelve years has passed, and I still remember eating pomegranates(石榴) while his thin hands combed through my hair. To this day, I still remember stories my grandfather used to tell me. As a child living in Korea, my grandfather was my closest friend, the man I spent every day with and depended on for back rides. We were inseparable from the moment we awoke until I fell asleep in his arms. I ate the food he prepared，and he was my pillow and storyteller. Little did we know that a day would come when his first granddaughter would leave. My father was to be stationed in the United States and time would blur(使变模糊) our images of each other.On the summer of my sixteenth birthday, I would see my grandfather again. On the plane，thoughts of him ran through my mind during all 14 hours of the flight. Would he look the same？Would he be healthy? Did he still have the pictures I drew for him? Most importantly, would he remember me? I was short then and always smiling. He dressed me. Twelve years later and I was taller, had a different figure. I picked out my own outfits and had my own sense of style. I was scared he wouldnt recognize I was his granddaughter.I landed in the airport and rode with my aunt and cousin to my grandfathers house, where we found him pacing back and forth, awaiting my arrival. He looked the same, and as soon as I stepped out of the car and faced him, I began to cry. He ran toward me. “Tina！” My grandfather kept yelling. We met each other with open arms and he whispered, “Ive been waiting for my granddaughter to come home. I missed you, my little Tina. Welcome home.” Our eyes filled with tears as we walked up the stairs, arm in arm, telling each other all the events we had missed in each others life. He did remember. After all, I am his first granddaughter.1It can be inferred that in childhood the author always _Aate the food her grandmother preparedBremembered the stories her grandmother toldCrode on her grandfathers backDgot on well with her father2How old was the author when she left her grandfather?AAbout 12 years old.BAbout 6 years old.CAbout 4 years old. DAbout 2 years old.3Why did the author think her grandfather probably would not make her out?ABecause her grandfather was forgetful. BBecause she was already a “big girl”CBecause she was already an American. DBecause her grandfather was too old.4The author met her grandfather _Ain the airport Bby herself Cwith her parents Dwith her relatives【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。“我”从小生活在爷爷身边，四岁时随父亲到美国定居，十二年后再次回去见爷爷，一路上总是担心爷爷认不出自己，但没想到一下车爷爷就认出了“我”。1解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第一段第四句“As a child living in Korea，my grandfather was my closest friend，the man I spent every day with and depended on for back rides.”可知，“我”每天都和爷爷在一起，骑在他背上玩耍。故答案选C。2解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“The last time I saw him was 12 years ago.”可知，“我”最后一次见到爷爷是十二年前；根据第二段第一句“On the summer of my sixteenth birthday，I would see my grandfather again.”可知，十六岁生日的那年夏天“我”再次见到了爷爷；由此可推知，作者是在四岁的时候离开爷爷的。故答案选C。3解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I was short then and always smiling.He dressed me.Twelve years later and I was taller，had a different figure.I picked out my own outfits and had my own sense of style.”可知，十二年后，“我”长高了，形象不一样了，所以担心爷爷认不出“我”。故答案选B。4解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“I landed in the airport and rode with my aunt and cousin to my grandfathers house”可知，作者是和亲戚一块去见爷爷的。故答案选D。CImagine，one day，getting out of bed in Beijing and being at your office in Shanghai in only a couple of hours，and then，after a full day of work，going back home to Beijing and having dinner thereSounds unusual，doesn't it? But it's not that unrealistic，with the development of Chinas highspeed railway systemAnd thats not a11China has an even greater highspeed railway planto connect the country with Southeast Asia，and eventually Eastern EuropeChina is negotiating to extend its own high·-speed railway network to up to 17 countries in 1 0 to 15 years，eventually reaching London and SingaporeChina has proposed three such projectsThe first would possibly connect Kunming with Singapore via Vietnam and MalaysiaAnother could start in Urumqi and go through Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan，and possibly to GermanyThe third would start in the northeast and go north through Russia and then into Western EuropeIf Chinas plan for the high-speed railway goes forward， people could zip over from London to Beijing in under two daysThe new system would still follow Chinas highspeed railway standardAnd the trains would be able to go 346 kilometers an hour，almost as fast as some airplanes Chinas bullet train(高速客车)，the one connecting Wuhan to Guangzhou，already has the Worlds fastest average speedIt covers 1,069 kilometers in about three hoursOf course，there are some technical challenges to overcomeThere are so many issues that need to be settled，such as safety，rail gauge(轨距)，maintenance of railway tracksSo，its important to pay attention to every detail But the key issue is really moneyChina is already spending hundreds of billions of yuan on domestic railway expansionChina prefers that the other countries pay in natural resources rather than with capital investmentResources from those countries could stream into China to sustain developmentIt11 be a win-win project. For other countries，the railway network will definitely create more opportunities for business，tourism and so on，not to mention the better communication among those countriesFor China，such a project would not only connect it with the rest of Asia and bring some much-needed resources，but would also help develop Chinas far westWe foresee that in the coming decades，millions of people will migrate to the western regions，where the land is empty and resources unusedWith high-speed trains，people will set up factories and business centers in the west once and for a11And they11 trade with Central Asian and Eastern European countries( ) 1. Chinas new high-speed railway plan will be a win-win project because A. China will get much-needed resources and develop its western regions B. China and the countries involved will benefit from the project in various ways C. China will develop its railway system and communication with other countriesD. the foreign countries involved will develop their railway transportation，business and tourism选B在文章倒数第二段中有明确答案( ) 2. According to the passage，the greatest challenge to the new high-speed railway plan is A. technical issues B. safety of the systemw_w w.C. financial problems D. maintenance of railway tracks选C . 在文章第8段看到 There are so many issues that need to be settled.及第9节中 But the key issue is really money( ) 3. Which of the following words best describes the authors attitude towards Chinas high-speed railway plan? A. Critical B. Reserved C. Doubtful D. Positive选D . 尽管在文章第8，9段中 提到存在的问题，但从最后两段中不难看出作者是持支持的态度( ) 4. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. New Railway Standards B. Big Railway DreamsC. Highspeed Bullet Trains D. International Railway Network选B. 贯穿全文须知这只是一个梦想。D(2015·河南豫北、豫东十所名校联考)The way we cook is important. In many countries, the two choices are natural gas and electricpowered stoves.The World Health Organization warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution which results from the use of dangerous fuels and cookstoves in the home.Most of the deaths are in developing countries. To help fight the problem, the WHO announced new guidelines aimed at reducing household pollutants.The WHOs plan of action for reducing indoor pollutants is based on new findings, which show that the use of toxic(有毒的) fuels in inefficient stoves, space heaters or lights is to blame for many of these deaths.Carlos Dora, an official in the WHO, says people should not use unprocessed coal indoors.He says, “Opening a window or door to let out the harmful air will not correct the situation. It will only pollute the outdoors. You cant expect that a bit of ventilation(通风) is going to get rid of this. It is really about clean technologies and clean fuels. And, the fuel story has not been stressed enough so far in the global debate. So, that is the new thing. We should be going for clean fuels, avoiding coal and going for the solar.”WHO officials say indoor pollution leads to early deaths from stroke, heart and lung disease and childhood lung cancer. These diseases can often result from high levels of fine particulate matter and carbon monoxide(一氧化碳) released by the burning of solid fuels. These fuels include wood, coal, animal waste, crop waste and charcoal. Women and girls are the main victims.The United Nations found that more than 95 percent of households in subSaharan Africa depend on solid fuels for cooking. It says huge populations in India, China and Latin American countries, such as Guatemala and Peru, are also at risk.WHO experts note some new, safe and lowcost technologies that could help are already available. But this is just a start. They are urging developing countries to use cleaner fuels and increase access to cleaner and more modern cooking and heating appliances.1The reason for indoor air pollution is _Astill unknownBthe use of solar energyCthe use of dangerous fuels and cookstovesDthe frequent use of fuels in efficient stoves2Who may be the least affected by indoor air pollution?AChildren in China.BMen in Europe.CGirls in subSaharan Africa.DWomen in Latin American countries.3Solutions to the indoor air pollution problem include _going for animal waste and coalusing clean fuelsincreasing access to cleaner and more modern cooking and heating appliancesopening a window or door to let out the harmful airA BC D4Whats the main idea of this passage?AHealth is very important to people in developing countries.BPeople in developing countries are dying from air pollution.CPeople in developing countries know too little about science and technology.DProper cooking ways help reduce the deaths in developing countries.【解题导语】本文是一篇科普说明文。在室内使用固体燃料会使室内一氧化碳浓度升高，从而导致中毒死亡。为解决此问题，世界卫生组织建议在发展中国家增加使用更清洁、更现代化的烹饪和加热设备。1解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The World Health Organization warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution which results from the use of dangerous fuels and cookstoves in the home.”可知，世界卫生组织警告说，每年有数百万的人死于家里使用的危险燃料和烹调炉引起的室内空气污染。故C项正确。2解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“Most of the deaths are in developing countries.”可知，绝大部分的死亡事故发生在发展中国家；根据倒数第二段最后一句“It says huge populations in India，China and Latin American countries.are also at risk.”可知，印度、中国以及拉丁美洲的一些国家污染严重；根据倒数第三段最后一句可知，女性是主要受害者，由此可推知，欧洲男子最不容易因室内空气污染而死亡。故B项正确；A、C、D三项都属于发展中国家的人，这些地区污染严重，故最可能因此而死亡。3解析：选C。细节理解题。根据本文最后一句中的“increase access to cleaner and more modern cooking and heating appliances”可知，增加使用更清洁、更现代化的烹饪和加热设备是解决问题的方法之一，故排除A、D两项；根据第五段最后两句可知，室内污染主要来自于固体燃料的使用而导致的室内一氧化碳浓度升高，这些固体燃料包括煤炭，动物排泄物，木头等，所以不在范围内，故排除B项。故C项正确。4解析：选D。主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“The way we cook is important.”及第二段最后一句“To help fight the problem，the WHO announced new guidelines aimed at reducing household pollutants.”并结合全文内容可知，本文主要说明了正确的烹饪方法将减轻发展中国家的室内污染，从而减少死亡事故的发生。故D项正确。E阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。The world of taxi drivers is dominated by men.But there is one small taxi company in Delhi，where all the drivers and passengers are female.Women's safety is a hot topic in India a
