美丽中国中英文字幕2-6.doc

. .美丽中国（Wild China） 美丽中国（Wild China）第二集 香格里拉 Shangri-La翻腾的云海之下 Beneath billowing clouds,在中国西南遥远的云南省 in Chinas far southwestern Yunnan province,有一个神秘而又充满传奇的地方 lies a place of mystery and legend.这儿有着世界上最久远的雨林以及奔腾的河流 Of mighty rivers and some of the oldest jungles in the world.藏匿于此的河谷养育了奇异而又独特的动物 Here, hidden valleys nurture strange and unique creatures,同时也孕育了多彩的民族风情 and colourful tribal cultures.雨林在远离热带的北部地区是罕见的Jungles are rarely found this far north of the tropics.可是 为什么却得以在此茁壮成长 So, why do they thrive here?为何整个中国崎岖不平的山地里 却蕴藏着富饶多姿的自然财富 And how has this rugged landscape come to harbour the greatest natural wealth in all China?在中国西南部的一个偏远的角落里 In the remote southwest corner of China,即将举行一场庆典 a celebration is about to take place.傣族人为他们一年中最重要的节日收集水 Dai people collect water for the most important festival of their year.傣族人也称自己为水之民 The Dai call themselves the people of the water.云南的河谷地带 是他们的两千多年来繁衍生息的故里 Yunnans river valleys have been their home for over 2,000 years.把河水带到寺庙By bringing the river water to the temple,敬俸傣族人最神圣的两件事物they honour the two things holiest to them -佛教和他们的家园 Buddhism and their home.傣族人感恩养育了傣族文化的河流以及肥沃的土地The Dai give thanks for the rivers and fertile lands which have nurtured their culture.或许这看上去只是为了打上一场大水仗的借口Though to some it might seem just an excuse for the biggest water fight of all time.随着小镇的发展以及现代化 傣族人的生活正发生着改变 Dai lives are changing as towns get bigger and modernize泼水节依旧是众所周知的 著名的傣族节日 but the Water Splashing Festival is still celebrated by all.河流穿越了傣族人生活与习俗的心脏地带 The rivers which lie at the heart of Dai life and culture发源于西藏遥远的山脉之中 flow from the distant mountains of Tibet,河水向南流经了宏伟的平行峡谷中的云南中部 southward through central Yunnan in great parallel gorges.傣族人现在居住在与越南以及老挝接壤的热带地区 The Dai now live in the borders of tropical Vietnam and Laos,他们的传说讲述了先辈是怎样来到这儿的 but their legends tell of how their ancestors came here从寒冷而又遥远的北方山区顺流而下 by following the rivers from mountain lands in the cold far north.头枕着遥远的喜马拉雅山脉东部的末端Lying at the far eastern end of the Himalayas,横断山脉构成了滇北的边界并与西藏相交 the Hengduan mountains form Yunnans northern border with Tibet.卡瓦格博峰是横断山脉之上的王冠 也是圣洁朝圣者旅途的一站 Kawakarpo, crown of the Hengduan range, is a site of holy pilgrimage.然而 她那令人敬畏的顶点至今未被征服 Yet, its formidable peak remains unconquered.云南的山不但遥远而且崎岖Yunnans mountains are remote, rugged and inaccessible.这里空气稀薄而且气温能骤降至零下四十度 Here the air is thin and temperatures can drop below minus 40 degrees.这里是地球上独一无二的动物 This is home to an animal thats found nowhere else on Earth.又称扁鼻黑金丝猴即传说中的雪猴 滇金丝猴的家园 The Yunnan snub-nosed monkey.只有在极少数与世隔绝的山林中 才能看到它们的踪影Its found only in these few isolated mountain forests.在如此高海拔的地区 难以寻觅其它灵长类动物的踪迹 No other primate lives at such high altitudes.这些是真正的专家 but these are true specialists.这些出没在远古深山中的原住民 有着一些通灵的传说 These ancient mountain dwellers have inspired legends.当地的傈僳族人就把它们当作自己的祖先 Local Lisu people consider them their ancestors,并把它们称为：“山中野老” calling them "the wild men of the mountains".在大雪之中即使是这些专家也不能够进食During heavy snowfalls, even these specialists cannot feed.对滇金丝猴来说似乎又来到了一个新奇的地方 It seems a strange place for a monkey. 在另一场雪到了之前 滇金丝猴抓紧时间寻找食物 Between snows, the monkeys waste no time in their search for food.在高海拔地区 只有少数水果与嫩叶可供食用 At this altitude, there are few fruits or tender leaves to eat.百分之九十的日常饮食由 不常见的成捆精细干有机物组成 90% of their diet is made up of the fine dry wisps of a curious organism.其中一半是真菌 另外一半是植物地衣 Half fungus, half plant - its lichen.提起猴子人们通常联想到的是低地雨林 How have monkeys, normally associated with lowland jungle,缘何他们选择在偏远的山地繁衍生息呢 come to live such a remote mountain existence?它们并非这些孤耸的高峰上唯一醒目的生命This is not the only remarkable animal found within these isolated high peaks.一只中国小熊猫 A Chinese red panda.这位沉默寡言的隐士 将自己生命的大部分置于树的顶端 Solitary and quiet, it spends much of its time in the tree tops.抛开它的名字 Despite its name,让小熊猫与大熊猫扯上亲戚关系 是一件非常勉强的事情the red panda is only a very distant relative of the giant panda.它在血缘上更接近臭鼬 （小熊猫有时在中文中也称火狐 英文中亦有FireFox既是对其的直接译名列在熊科或浣熊科是多年来一直被争论的问题最近经过基因分析 认为与美洲大的浣熊亲缘关系最接近 应该单独列为小熊科） Its actually more closely related to a skunk.但他却和大熊猫有着共同的口味嗜好 竹子 But it does share the giant pandas taste for bamboo.中国西南部的小熊猫因其醒目的面部花纹而著称Southwest Chinas red pandas are known for their very strong facial markings这些特征将他们与其它在喜马拉雅地区 发现的火狐物种区分开来which distinguish them from red pandas found anywhere else in the Himalayas.如同猴类一般 它们被隔离在了高远的山林之中 Like the monkeys, they were isolated in these high forests山体在巨大的造山运动中 被挨个完全抬起 when the mountains quite literally rose beneath them近年来的地质学历史已经证明了这一点 in the greatest mountain-building event in recent geological history.在过去3000万年间 Over the last 30 million years,印度次大陆持续向北挤压欧亚大陆the Indian subcontinent has been pushing northwards into Eurasia.印度与西藏的交界处 On the border between India and Tibet巨大的岩石被推挤至海平面以上8000米处之高the rocks have been raised eight kilometres above sea level,造就了世界最高大宏伟的山脉 喜马拉雅山 creating the worlds highest mountain range, the Himalayas.对东部来说 But to the east,岩石被皱褶进了南北走向的 绵延陡峭的山脊 the rocks have buckled into a series of steep north-south ridges,同时也切进了云南的心脏地带cutting down through the heart of Yunnan,形成了平行的横断山脉 the parallel mountains of the Hengduan Shan.这些天然屏障守护着隔绝在云南 These natural barriers serve to isolate Yunnans plants and animals各自毗邻的河谷中的动植物 in each adjacent valley.雪峰与斜坡间的巨大的温差 While the huge temperature range between the snowy peaks所创造的足够的优厚条件 and the warmer slopes below使得这儿生命彰显无限生机 provides a vast array of conditions for life to thrive.春的岁月Through spring,横断山脉的斜坡上 上演了中国最为壮绝的自然景致 the Hengduan slopes stage one of Chinas greatest natural spectacles.此处的森林拥有世界上最多样化的植被及物种 The forests here are among the most diverse botanical areas in the world.这里生长着超过18000种植物 Over 18,000 plant species grow here,其中约3000种植物是这儿特有的of which 3,000 are found nowhere else.直到一个多世纪前 这里还是个未为人知的世外桃源 Until little more than a century ago, this place was unknown outside China.然而有关这个神奇隐秘的东方世界的传言 But then news reached the West却不胫而走 传至西方 of a mysterious, hidden world of the orient.隐匿在群山中 遗落人间的最后天堂 香格里拉 Hidden among the mountains, a lost Shangri-la paradise.当时西方上流社会盛行园艺Western high society, in the grip of a gardening craze,渴望获得遥远国度的稀有物种was eager for exotic species from faraway places.这也造就了新物种的探险家 This gave rise to a new breed of celebrity adventurers,无畏的植物探索家 世称“植物猎人” intrepid botanist-explorers known as "the Plant Hunters".云南成为了他们的圣杯 （Holy Grail是Jesus在最后的晚宴上使用的餐具 据称有不可思议的神奇力量） Yunnan became their Holy Grail.其中最出名的便是Joseph Rock 真人版的 Indiana Jones（电影 "迷失方舟的侵入者" 中的英雄） The most famous was Joseph Rock, a real life Indiana Jones.胶片出色的记录了他与随行人员的一系列 Remarkable film footage captured his entourage on a series of expeditions,深入云南腹地的探险远征 as they pushed into the deepest corners of Yunnan.他发现了千姿百态的植物 In glorious colour he recorded the plant life he found并将其记录于特制的玻璃质感光片上on special photographic glass plates.通过将成千上万的标本送回西方 Sending thousands of specimens back to the West, 植物猎人永远的改变了世界园艺 the Plant Hunters changed the gardens of the world forever.Rock的成功源自其不懈的努力 Rocks success was born of a massive effort.为了找到他的香格里拉 For, to find his Shangri-la,他翻越了无尽连绵的山脉 not only had he to traverse endless mountain ranges,征服了世界上最深的峡谷 but some of the deepest gorges in the world.怒江之名意为愤怒的河流The Nujiang is called The Angry River.绵延三百公里的急流如同那些巍峨群山 This 300-kilometre stretch of raging rapids成为了保护野生生命的天然屏障 is as much a barrier to life as are the mountains above.惊涛拍岸 WAVES CRASH植物猎人并非第一个到这里旅行的人 But the plant hunters werent the first people to travel here.怒江之上 Along the Nujiang,有二十多座溜索桥供当地人飞越激流less than 30 rope crossings allow locals passage across the torrents.小村落依山而居 Tiny hamlets cling to the slopes.今天是赶集的日子This morning, its market day,一大早 人们就从山谷的四处集中 drawing people from up and down the valley.猪叫声PIG OINKS山羊咩咩的叫 GOAT BLEATS当地人使用这种简易吊索穿越河流 Hanging from simple rope slings,已有数百年的历史 people have been using the crossings for many hundreds of years.在如此狭窄陡峭的山谷中 In such narrow, precipitous gorges这种简易的交通方式显得尤为便捷 its by far the easiest way to get around.虽然成功抵达彼岸 前方崎岖的山路依旧艰辛 Once across, the steep sides mean its still a hike.抵达集市前还需要数小时的艰苦跋涉 Many trek for hours by foot before they get to the market.超过十二个以上的族群 居住在这片宽阔的河谷之中 The immense valley is home to over a dozen ethnic groups.怒族人仅存于此 Some, like the Nu people, are found only here.不同族群的山民们在集市上相聚 The markets bring the mountain tribes together.为了继续他的征途To continue his expeditions,Rock与他的探险队必须设法越过云南的激流Rock had to get his entire entourage across the giant Yunnan rivers.他定制了用森林藤蔓特制的结实绳索来完成运载 He commissioned especially thick ropes made from forest rattan并记录下了整个全程 and filmed the entire event.他们用牦牛油润滑了吊索 40个人和15头骡子开始渡河 With yak butter to smooth the ride, 40 men and 15 mules made the journey.但并非每次都成功抵达了彼岸 Not all made it across.在怒江河谷遥远的彼岸 On the far side of the great Nujiang gorge,植物猎人们有了惊人的发现 the Plant Hunters made a remarkable discovery.尽管远离热带Far from the tropics,他们却似乎进入了一片热气腾腾的热带丛林they seemed to be entering a steamy, vibrant tropical jungle,这就是高黎贡山的森林 the forest of Gaoligongshan.这里的植物群落与众不同The flora here is unlike anywhere else in the world.类似亚热带高山植物物种的巨大外形 Next to subtropical species, alpine plants grow in giant form.高达30多米的杜鹃花向着苍穹昂首怒放Crowning the canopy, rhododendrons, up to 30 metres high.四五月间 它们将苍翠的山林染成一片嫣红 In April and May, their flowers turn the forests ruby red,吸引了唯此独有的鸟类 attracting bird species found only here.空气中丰富的水份供养的寄生植物 增加了枝条的负载 Constant moisture in the air means that the branches are laden with flowering epiphytes,这些山谷中特有的小太阳鸟 精心护卫着杜鹃花的枝条 fiercely guarded by tiny sunbirds, unique to these valleys.蜂雀是花蜜的掠食者 远古以来就一直生活在热带地区 Nectar feeders, these are the humming birds of the Old World tropics.高黎贡山的森林是中国部分珍稀动物的家园 The forests of Gaoligongshan are home to some of Chinas rarest wildlife.这是一只雌性红腹角雉 This is a female Temmincks Tragopan.她有着一位绚丽夺目的雄性追求者 She has a colourful male admirer.它希望用奇特的躲猫猫游戏来向雌性求爱 Hes hoping to woo her with his peculiar peekaboo display但她却不想轻易将芳心托付 but shes not about to be rushed.它多彩的盘状肉髯比羽毛能更好的反射光线 （skin wattle肉髯 此系指颈部皮肤上的附属物）His colourful skin wattle reflects more light than feathers do.对雌性来说简直就是黑暗中的霓虹灯 To her, this is like a neon sign.是行动的时候了 Seeing his chance, the male makes his move.高黎贡山的森林总是保持着湿润的气候 Constant moisture in the Gaoligongshan forests这意味着这里终年都出产水果means that throughout the year there are always fruits on the trees.如此丰盛的水果吸引了各式各样原本 Such abundance of food encourages a high diversity of fruit eaters仅存于热带地区的“水果派”们 more commonly found in the tropics.大黑松鼠原本只生活在原始雨林中 The black giant squirrel is found only in undisturbed rainforest.体长近一米的大黑松鼠 是世界上体型最大的松鼠之一At close to a metre in length, its one of the worlds largest squirrels.神奇之处在于这些森林远离热带却依旧繁茂 The mystery is that these forests are growing well outside the tropics.要是公正的说 雨林及其间的动物本不该存在于此By rights, none of this jungle, or its animals, should be here.这是短尾猕猴 These are bear macaques.他们通常只生活在热带亚热带的丛林中 Theyre found only in tropical and sub-tropical jungle.之所以能够在这片方圆千米的袖珍家园生息With a tiny home range of just a few square kilometres,靠的是全年丰足的水果供给 they depend on the abundant fruit这种得天独厚的饮食条件 足以媲美热带雨林 that only true rainforests can provide all year round.对欧洲的植物猎人而言 To the European plant hunters,北方的雨林简直是奇幻美妙的失落世界 these northern rainforests must have seemed a fantastic and mysterious lost world.然而 当他们来到这里 却发现了构造美丽的古石道Yet, when they came here, they would have found beautifully constructed ancient stone pathways拜此所赐 森林探索得以进行 on which the forest could be explored.蜿蜒向西深入山地 Winding westwards into the hills,曾一度是亚洲地区的要道 these were once some of the most important highways in Asia,西南部的茶马古道(即为西南丝绸之路) the southwestern tea and silk road.茶马古道源于古代西南边疆的茶马互市 兴于唐宋盛于明清 Built thousands of years ago,西南茶马古道越过中国的边境迎来了 远自罗马的商人与旅者 the southwestern tea and silk road gave access to the world beyond Chinas borders,将这片古老土地与世界相连 carrying tradesmen and travellers from as far away as Rome.这条路上曾燃烧过连绵的战火 Wars were fought over access to this tiny path,也是出入当时中国的唯一咽喉要道 the only sure route in or out of China,必须要保证全年畅通无阻 that was guaranteed to be clear of snow all year round.那么 是什么造就了高黎贡山独特的气候So, what causes Gaoligongshans strange and remarkable climate?五月后旬阵风来临 In late May, gusts of wind arrive,带来了解开高黎贡山气候之谜的钥匙 bringing with them the key to Gaoligongshans mystery.热风富含水分 The winds are hot and saturated with water.它们完全来自于印度洋 They come all the way from the Indian Ocean.受云南独特地形的影响 Channelled by Yunnans unique geography,热带季风带来了充沛的雨量 they bring with them the moisture of the tropical monsoon.形成于千百万年前的巨大河谷 The giant river valleys, created millions of years ago,如同巨大的漏斗一般 act like immense funnels.这些峡谷深邃狭长 The gorges are so deep and narrow,引导湿热气流径直流向滇北 that the moist warm air is driven right up into the north of Yunnan.然后就是降雨 暴泄的狂流 The result is rain, in torrents!近四个月的持续雷雨滋润着茂盛的植物 Four months of daily rainstorms sustain luxuriant vegetation.季风的来临 The arrival of the monsoon唤醒了森林中最喜好潮湿的居民 awakens one of the forests most extraordinary moisture-loving inhabitants.类鳄蝾螈是此处发现的 最为不凡的两栖动物之一 The crocodile newt is one of the most unusual of the many amphibian species found here.当雨季来临 它们开始求偶繁衍 As the rains arrive, they emerge to mate.据说鳄蝾会为其潜在的伴侣留下气味线索 The newts are said to leave an odour trail that potential mates can follow.类鳄蝾螈得名于它背上嶙峋的凸起 The crocodile newt gets its name from the bumps along its back.这是它们的天然防御 These are its defence.一旦被潜在的肉食者捕获 If grabbed by a potential predator,肋骨的顶部的隆起物中便会 挤压出致命的毒素 the tips of its ribs squeeze a deadly poison from the bumps.暴雨唤醒了另外一种森林生物 The deluge wakes another forest inhabitant.它那勃发向上的朝气令人叹为观止This one is particularly astounding in its vigour!它一天能够生长一米 It can grow up to a metre a day,使其迅速傲视四周fast overtaking the other plants around it.长得愈发高挺 长势愈发猛烈 The taller it grows, the faster its growth rate,数日间便拔地而起 凌驾于灌木丛之上 so that in a matter of days it towers above the undergrowth,并且持续向着天际进发and continues reaching for the sky.对于出身草根的它而言 干得还不赖 Not bad for what is essentially a grass.它就是竹子Its bamboo.时机成熟 Given the chance,竹子将造就出支配整个地域的庞大竹林 bamboo will create immense forests, dominating entire areas.竹林的踪迹遍及整个中国的西南部 Bamboo forests occur across southwest China,一路向东直至上海都能看到它的身影 all the way to Shanghai.或许世界上最高耸挺拔的竹子 But probably the highest diversity of bamboos in the world却悠然生长在云南的山谷之中is found on the hills and valleys of Yunnan.尽管外表坚硬 竹子的腹中却空无一物 Though incredibly strong, bamboos have hollow stems,为一切能够寻径而入的生命 创造了天然完美的庇护所a perfect shelter for any creatures whi