OrganizationalBehavior17thChapter3.doc

,Organizational Behavior, 17e (Robbins)Chapter 3 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction1) _ refers to evaluative statements or judgments concerning objects, people, or events.A) AttitudeB) BehaviorC) AppearanceD) DemeanorE) PerformanceAnswer: AExplanation: A) Attitudes are evaluative statements, either favorable or unfavorable, about objects, people, or events. They reflect how one feels about something.LO: 3.1: Contrast the three components of an attitude.Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: Concept2) The statement, "A person who eats meat and then fights for animal rights demonstrates double standards" is an evaluative statement. Such an opinion constitutes the _ component of an attitude.A) cognitiveB) affectiveC) reflectiveD) behavioralE) reactiveAnswer: AExplanation: A) The cognitive component of an attitude is a description of, or belief in the way things are, which is exemplified in the statement, "A person who eats meat and then fights for animal rights demonstrates double standards."LO: 3.1: Contrast the three components of an attitude.Difficulty: ModerateQuest. Category: Concept3) Which of the following statements represents the cognitive component of attitude?A) I have decided to inform my supervisor that I will be quitting my job.B) I intend to work during the weekend to meet the months deadline.C) I feel upset about having to work during Christmas.D) It is disappointing to know that I did not get a good evaluation.E) This job is not giving me an opportunity to explore my skills.Answer: EExplanation: E) The cognitive component of an attitude is a description of, or belief in the way things are, which is exemplified in the statement, "This job is not giving me an opportunity to explore my skills."LO: 3.1: Contrast the three components of an attitude.AACSB: Analytical thinkingDifficulty: ModerateQuest. Category: Application4) Abigail Jones is a sales executive at Orbit Bank in Brussels. She is the best performer on her team and often gets the highest number of corporate accounts for the company. However, she feels that she does not get sufficient credit for her hard work. During lunch, she says to her colleague, "I have been getting the largest accounts for the bank for the past eight months. Yet, my manager never acknowledges the kind of effort I put in to get these accounts." Which component of attitude is being demonstrated by Jones?A) positive componentB) cognitive componentC) affective componentD) behavioral componentE) reflective componentAnswer: BExplanation: B) The cognitive component of an attitude is a description of, or belief in the way things are, which is exemplified in the statement, "My manager never acknowledges the kind of effort I put in to get these accounts."LO: 3.1: Contrast the three components of an attitude.AACSB: Analytical thinkingDifficulty: ModerateQuest. Category: Application5) Which of the following is an example of the affective component of an attitude?A) believing that one achieved all objectives of a projectB) relying on the information of a companys annual reportC) perceiving whistle-blowing as the right thing to doD) feeling hurt at being unfairly accused of a wrongdoingE) deciding to fire an employee because of underperformanceAnswer: DExplanation: D) The affective component refers to the emotional, or feeling, segment of an attitude.LO: 3.1: Contrast the three components of an attitude.Difficulty: ModerateQuest. Category: Concept6) Johanna Rouse feels disheartened because she was not selected for the campaign exchange program in Amsterdam. Which component of an attitude does Rouses feeling represent?A) cognitiveB) affectiveC) reflectiveD) behavioralE) reactiveAnswer: BExplanation: B) The affective component represents the emotional, or feeling, segment of an attitude.LO: 3.1: Contrast the three components of an attitude.AACSB: Analytical thinkingDifficulty: ModerateQuest. Category: Application7) Janice Hartley works as a writer at a fashion magazine in New York. She was recently asked by her editor to write an article on "10 must-haves for the autumn season." Her editor has now sent back the article saying it is not interesting enough to hold the attention of the reader. Janice is upset and disappointed about the feedback. Which component of an attitude is represented in this scenario?A) positive componentB) cognitive componentC) affective componentD) behavioral componentE) evaluative componentAnswer: CExplanation: C) The emotional, or feeling, segment of an attitude is known as the affective component. It is reflected in this scenario because Janice is upset and disappointed about the feedback received.LO: 3.1: Contrast the three components of an attitude.AACSB: Analytical thinkingDifficulty: ModerateQuest. Category: Application8) Kimberley Mayfield recently evaluated her subordinates progress report. She now plans to inform her about the objectives she did not achieve and how she can perform better. By doing this, Mayfield will be demonstrating the _ component of an attitude.A) cognitiveB) affectiveC) reflectiveD) behavioralE) reactiveAnswer: DExplanation: D) The behavioral component of an attitude describes an intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something. By planning to inform her subordinate of her performance, Mayfield is demonstrating the behavioral component of attitude.LO: 3.1: Contrast the three components of an attitude.AACSB: Analytical thinkingDifficulty: ModerateQuest. Category: Application9) Which of the following statements is an example of the behavioral component of an attitude?A) I have decided to apply for the position of a campaigner in the climate department.B) I am thrilled to know that the human resource department is looking for a climate campaigner.C) The position of a climate campaigner is challenging and interesting.D) The position of a climate campaigner will allow me to explore my skills as a campaigner.E) I think the position of a climate campaigner involves extensive travel.Answer: AExplanation: A) The behavioral component of an attitude describes an intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something. The statement, "I have decided to apply for the position of a campaigner in the climate department" represents an intention to apply for the position and demonstrates the behavioral component of attitude.LO: 3.1: Contrast the three components of an attitude.AACSB: Analytical thinkingDifficulty: ModerateQuest. Category: Application10) Sarah Mayer works as a security officer and is in charge of keeping track of who is in the office at any given time. She notices that some employees do not sign out of the office when they go out for meals, which makes it difficult to keep track of attendance of employees. Even though Mayer has repeatedly asked the employees to sign out, they have not followed her advice. She now decides to report the issue to her supervisor. Which of the following components of an attitude is being demonstrated by Mayer?A) affectiveB) behavioralC) positiveD) cognitiveE) knowledgeAnswer: BExplanation: B) The behavioral component of an attitude is an intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something. Mayers intention to report the issue to her supervisor represents the behavioral component of her attitude.LO: 3.1: Contrast the three components of an attitude.AACSB: Analytical thinkingDifficulty: ModerateQuest. Category: Application11) Attitudes are favorable or unfavorable evaluative statements about objects, people, or events.Answer: TRUEExplanation: Attitudes in OB are defined as evaluative statements or judgments concerning objects, people, or events.LO: 3.1: Contrast the three components of an attitude.Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: Concept12) The three components of an attitude are cognition, affect, and behavior.Answer: TRUEExplanation: Typically, researchers have assumed that attitudes have three components: cognition, affect, and behavior.LO: 3.1: Contrast the three components of an attitude.Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: Concept13) The affective component of attitude is the emotional, or feeling, segment of an attitude.Answer: TRUEExplanation: The affective component of attitude is the emotional, or feeling, segment of an attitude. It sets the stage for the more critical part of an attitude.LO: 3.1: Contrast the three components of an attitude.Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: Concept14) The cognitive component of an attitude describes an intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something.Answer: FALSEExplanation: The behavioral component of an attitude describes an intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something.LO: 3.1: Contrast the three components of an attitude.Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: Concept15) What are the three components of an attitude?Answer: The three components of an attitude are cognition, affect, and behavior.1. The cognitive component is a description of or belief in the way things are.2. Affect is the emotional or feeling segment of an attitude.3. The behavioral component of an attitude refers to an intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something.LO: 3.1: Contrast the three components of an attitude.Difficulty: ModerateQuest. Category: Concept16) Why is it difficult to analyze the three components of an attitude separately? Provide a workplace example that demonstrates the three components.Answer: The three components of an attitude are cognition, affect, and behavior. Since they are all related, it is difficult to discuss or analyze them separately. For example, a person may believe that he was unjustly passed over for promotion. This is a cognitive evaluation, but it occurs at the same time that the negative feeling, or affective attitude, takes place. The final behavior of looking for a new job occurs in conjunction with both the cognitive and affective attitudes.LO: 3.1: Contrast the three components of an attitude.Difficulty: ModerateQuest. Category: Concept17) The theory of cognitive dissonance was proposed by _.A) Abraham MaslowB) Leon FestingerC) Geert HofstedeD) Daryl BemE) Ivan Petrovich PavlovAnswer: BExplanation: B) In the 1960s, Leon Festinger argued that attitudes follow behavior. Festinger proposed that cases of attitude following behavior illustrate the effects of cognitive dissonance, any incompatibility an individual might perceive between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes.LO: 3.2: Summarize the relationship between attitudes and behavior.Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: Concept18) Which of the following does cognitive dissonance indicate between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes?A) congruityB) tenacityC) solidarityD) consistencyE) incompatibilityAnswer: EExplanation: E) Cognitive dissonance is defined as any incompatibility an individual might perceive between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes.LO: 3.2: Summarize the relationship between attitudes and behavior.Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: Concept19) Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes results in _.A) organizational dissonanceB) cognitive dissonanceC) attitudinal clarificationD) positivity offsetE) affective reactanceAnswer: BExplanation: B) Cognitive dissonance is defined as any incompatibility an individual might perceive between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes. Organizational dissonance, attitudinal clarification, positivity offset, and affective reactance are not types of attitude or behavior in OB.LO: 3.2: Summarize the relationship between attitudes and behavior.Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: Concept20) Julie recently joined a youth center as a counselor who provides support services for teenage mothers. An important part of her job involves referring pregnant teenagers to abortion clinics, should they decide to avail of such services. This aspect of her work, however, conflicts with her religious beliefs. Her manager, Kyle, is aware of this and expects her to submit her resignation at any time, but Julie continues to carry out her duties in a sincere manner and shows no signs of quitting her job. Which of the following best explains this situation?A) Julie allows her professional life to be dictated by her religious ideals.B) Julie refuses to acknowledge the hard truths of life.C) Julie has accepted that people have the freedom of choice.D) Julie is unable to empathize with the teenagers who visit the youth center.E) Julie does not realize the importance of her work to society.Answer: CExplanation: C) In the case of cognitive dissonance, research has generally concluded that people seek consistency among their attitudes and between their attitudes and their behavior. In this scenario, Julie achieves this consistency by acknowledging the fact that people have the freedom of choice and this allows her to carry on working at the youth center. If Julie allowed her professional life to be dictated by her religious ideals or did not understand the importance of her work to society, then she would most likely not continue working at the center. Similarly, if she refused to acknowledge the hard truths of life or was unable to empathize with the teenagers who visited the youth center, then she would be more likely to resign.LO: 3.2: Summarize the relationship between attitudes and behavior.AACSB: Reflective thinkingDifficulty: HardQuest. Category: Critical ThinkingSonia works as a lab research assistant at Frost Labs, which conducts trials for cosmetic products such as sprays, dyes, ointments, soaps, and the like. She joined the firm right out of college and has been working there for almost two years now.21) Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument that Sonia is experiencing cognitive dissonance?A) She believes that cosmetics help boost womens self-confidence.B) She believes that testing products on animals is an unethical practice.C) She majored in pharmacology as part of her masters degree program in college.D) She recently received a positive performance review from her supervisor.E) She is confounded by the fact that the cosmetic industry rakes in almost $7 billion annually.Answer: BExplanation: B) Cognitive dissonance implies an incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes. If Sonia believes that testing products on animals is unethical a