数值计算方法大作业任务.doc
,目录第一章 非线性方程求根31.1迭代法31.2牛顿法41.3弦截法51.4二分法6第二章 插值72.1线性插值72.2二次插值82.3拉格朗日插值92.4分段线性插值102.5分段二次插值11第三章 数值积分133.1复化矩形积分法133.2复化梯形积分法143.3辛普森积分法153.4变步长梯形积分法16第四章 线性方程组数值法174.1约当消去法17 4.2高斯消去法184.3三角分解法204.4雅可比迭代法214.5高斯赛德尔迭代法23第五章 常积分方程数值法255.1显示欧拉公式法255.2欧拉公式预测校正法26 5.3改进欧拉公式法275.4四阶龙格库塔法28数值计算方法第一章 非线性方程求根1.1迭代法程序代码：Private Sub Command1_Click()x0 = Val(InputBox("请输入初始值x0")ep = Val(InputBox(请输入误差限ep)f = 0While f = 0X1 = (Exp(2 * x0) - x0) / 5If Abs(X1 - x0) < ep ThenPrint X1f = 1Elsex0 = X1End IfWendEnd Sub例：求f(x)=e2x-6x=0在x=0.5附近的根（ep=10-10）1.2牛顿法程序代码：Private Sub Command1_Click()b = Val(InputBox("请输入被开方数x0")ep = Val(InputBox(请输入误差限ep)f = 0While f = 0X1 = x0 - (x0 2 - b) / (2 * b)If Abs(X1 - x0) < ep ThenPrint X1f = 1Elsex0 = X1End IfWendEnd Sub例：求的值。（ep=10-10）1.3弦截法程序代码：Private Sub Command1_Click()x0 = Val(InputBox("请输入第一个初始值x0")X1 = Val(InputBox("请输入第二个初始值x1")ep = Val(InputBox("请输入误差限ep")f = 0While f = 0X2 = X1 - (X1 8 - 13) * (X1 - x0) / (X1 8 - 13) - (x0 8 - 13)If Abs(X2 - X1) < ep ThenPrint X2f = 1Elsex0 = X1X1 = X2End IfWendEnd Sub例：求f(x)=x8-13的正根（初始值x1=1,x2=10,ep=10-10)1.4二分法程序代码：Private Sub Command1_Click()a = Val(InputBox("请输入区间端点a")b = Val(InputBox("请输入区间端点b")ep = Val(InputBox("请输入误差限ep")f = 0While f = 0x = (a + b) / 2fx = Exp(-x / 7) * (9 - 2 * x) - 8fa = Exp(-a / 7) * (9 - 2 * a) - 8If fx = 0 Thenf = 1Print "方程的根是", xElseIf fa * fx > 0 Thena = xElseb = xEnd IfIf Abs(b - a) < ep Thenx = (b + a) / 2f = 1Print "方程的根是", xEnd IfEnd IfWendEnd Sub例：求方程f（x）=e-7/x(9-2x)-8在区间0,1内的实根。（ep=10-10）第2章 插 值2.1线性插值程序代码：Private Sub Command1_Click()X0 = Val(InputBox("请输入第一个结点X:")Y0 = Val(InputBox("请输入第一个结点Y:")X1 = Val(InputBox("请输入第二个结点X:")Y1 = Val(InputBox("请输入第二个结点Y:")f = 0While f = 0x = Val(InputBox("请输入未知点的自变量值X:")L0 = (x - X1) / (X0 - X1)L1 = (x - X0) / (X1 - X0)y = L0 * Y0 + L1 * Y1Print "x=" x, "y=" yf = Val(InputBox("是否继续（0/1):")WendEnd Sub例：已知两点（13 , 1）、（49 , 8），求30处的值。2.2二次插值程序代码：Private Sub Command1_Click()X0 = Val(InputBox("请输入第一个结点X:")Y0 = Val(InputBox("请输入第一个结点Y:")X1 = Val(InputBox("请输入第二个结点X:")Y1 = Val(InputBox("请输入第二个结点Y:")X2 = Val(InputBox("请输入第三个结点X:")Y2 = Val(InputBox("请输入第三个结点Y:")f = 0While f = 0x = Val(InputBox("请输入未知点的自变量值X:")L0 = (x - X1) * (x - X2) / (X0 - X1) / (X0 - X2)L1 = (x - X0) * (x - X2) / (X1 - X0) / (X1 - X2)L2 = (x - X0) * (x - X1) / (X2 - X0) / (X2 - X1)y = L0 * Y0 + L1 * Y1 + L2 * Y2Print "x=" x, "y=" yf = Val(InputBox("是否继续（0/1):")WendEnd Sub例：已知三点（81 ，9）、（100 ，10）、（121 ，10），求98处的值。2.3拉格朗日插值程序代码：Private Sub Command1_Click()Dim x(), y()n = Val(InputBox("请输入插值节点数N")ReDim x(n), y(n)For i = 0 To nx(i) = Val(InputBox("请输入插值节点x(" + Str(i) + ")")y(i) = Val(InputBox("请输入插值节点y(" + Str(i) + ")")Next if = 0While f = 0xx = Val(InputBox("请输入未知点的自变量x:")Sum = 0For i = 0 To nt = 1For j = 0 To nIf j <> i Thent = t * (xx - x(j) / (x(i) - x(j)End IfNext jSum = Sum + t * y(i)Next iPrint "x=" xx, "y=" Sumf = Val(InputBox("是否继续（0/1）")WendEnd Sub例：已知四点（100 ，10）、（81 ，9）、（64 ，8）、（49 ，7），求87 处的值。2.4分段线性插值程序代码：Private Sub Command1_Click()Dim x(), y()n = Val(InputBox("请输入插值节点数N")ReDim x(n), y(n)For i = 0 To nx(i) = Val(InputBox("请输入插值节点x(" + Str(i) + ")")y(i) = Val(InputBox("请输入插值节点y(" + Str(i) + ")")Next if = 0While f = 0xx = Val(InputBox("请输入未知点的自变量x:")L = 0j = 1While L = 0If xx < x(j) Thenk = j + 1L = 1Elsej = j + 1If j > n - 1 Thenk = n - 1L = 1End IfEnd IfWendl0 = (xx - x(k) / (x(k - 1) - x(k)l1 = (xx - x(k - 1) / (x(k) - x(k - 1)yy = l0 * y(k - 1) + l1 * y(k)Print "x=" xx, "y=" yyf = Val(InputBox("是否继续（0/1）")WendEnd Sub例：已知三点（361 , 19）、（324 ，18）、（289 ，17），N=2，求300处的值。2.5分段二次插值程序代码：Private Sub Command1_Click()Dim x(), y()n = Val(InputBox("请输入插值节点数N")ReDim x(n), y(n)For i = 0 To nx(i) = Val(InputBox("请输入插值节点x(" + Str(i) + ")")y(i) = Val(InputBox("请输入插值节点y(" + Str(i) + ")")Next if = 0While f = 0xx = Val(InputBox("请输入未知点的自变量x:")If x0 < x(1) Thenk = 1f = 1End Ifi = 2Do While f = 0 And i >= n - 1If x0 < x(i) ThenIf x0 - x(i - 1) < x(i) - x0 Thenk = i - 1f = 1Elsek = if = 1End IfElsei = i + 1End IfLoopIf f = 0 Thenk = n - 1End Ifl1 = (xx - x(k + 1) * (xx - x(k) / (x(k - 1) - x(k + 1) * (x(k - 1) - x(k)l2 = (xx - x(k + 1) * (xx - x(k - 1) / (x(k) - x(k + 1) * (x(k) - x(k - 1)l3 = (xx - x(k) * (xx - x(k - 1) / (x(k + 1) - x(k) * (x(k + 1) - x(k - 1)yy = l1 * y(k - 1) + l2 * y(k) + l3 * y(k + 1)Print "x=" xx, "y=" yyf = Val(InputBox("是否继续（0/1）")WendEnd Sub例：已知三点（225 , 15）、（196 ，14）、（169 ，13），求180处的值。第3章 数值积分3.1 复化矩形积分法程序代码：Private Sub Command1_Click()a = Val(InputBox("请输入积分下限a")b = Val(InputBox("请输入积分上限b")n = Val(InputBox("请输入积分区间等分数N")h = (b - a) / nSum = 0For i = 1 To nSum = Sum + (a + (i - 0.5) * h) 2Next ir = h * SumPrint "复化矩形积分法计算结果：" rEnd Sub 例：求X2在区间3,5的积分值，等分区间为100。3.2复化梯形积分法程序代码：Private Sub Command1_Click()a = Val(InputBox("请输入积分下限a")b = Val(InputBox("请输入积分上限b")n = Val(InputBox("请输入积分区间等分数N")h = (b - a) / nSum = 0For i = 1 To n - 1Sum = Sum + (a + i * h) 2Next it = h * (a 2 + b 2) / 2 + h * SumPrint "复化梯形积分法计算结果：" tEnd Sub例：求X2在区间3,5的积分值，等分区间为100。3.3辛普生积分法程序代码：Private Sub Command1_Click()a = Val(InputBox("请输入积分下限A:")b = Val(InputBox("请输入积分上限B:")n = Val(InputBox("请输入积分区间等分数N:")h = (b - a) / nSum = 0w = a + h / 2While w < bSum = Sum + (w - h / 2) 2 + 4 * w 2 + (w + h / 2) 2w = w + hWends = Sum * h / 6Print "辛普生积分法计算结果：" sEnd Sub例：求X2在区间3,5的积分值，等分区间为100。3.4变步长梯形积分法程序代码：Private Sub Command1_Click()a = Val(InputBox("请输入积分下限a:")b = Val(InputBox("请输入积分上限b:")ep = Val(InputBox("请输入误差限ep:")n = 1h = b - at1 = h * (a 2 + b 2) / 2f = 0While f = 0Sum = 0For i = 1 To n - 1Sum = Sum + (a + (i - 1 / 2) * h) 2Next iT2 = t1 / 2 + h * Sum / 2If Abs(T2 - t1) < ep ThenPrint T2f = 1Elset1 = T2h = h / 2n = 2 * nEnd IfWendEnd Sub例：求X2在区间3,5的积分值，误差限ep=0.0001。第4章 线性方程组数值解法4.1 约当消去法程序代码：Private Sub Command1_Click()Dim a()n = Val(InputBox("请输入方程的个数N:")ReDim a(n, n + 1)For i = 1 To nFor j = 1 To n + 1a(i, j) = Val(InputBox("请输入增广矩阵A(" + Str(i) + "," + Str(j) + ")=")Next jNext iFor k = 1 To nm = a(k, k)For j = k To n + 1a(k, j) = a(k, j) / mNext jFor i = 1 To nIf i <> k Thenm = a(i, k)For j = k To n + 1a(i, j) = a(i, j) - a(k, j) * mNext jEnd IfNext iNext kFor i = 1 To nPrint "x(" + Str(i) + ")=" a(i, n + 1)Next iEnd Sub例：已知方程组,求X1 X2 X3的值。 X1+ X2+ X3=20 2X1+3X2+ X3=38 X1+4X2+ X3=35 4.2 高斯消去法程序代码：Private Sub Command1_Click()Dim a(), x()n = Val(InputBox("请输入方程个数N:")ReDim a(n, n + 1), x(n)For i = 1 To nFor j = 1 To n + 1a(i, j) = Val(InputBox("请输入增广矩阵A(" + Str(i) + "," + Str(j) + "):")Next jNext iFor k = 1 To n - 1m = a(k, k)For j = k To n + 1a(k, j) = a(k, j) / mNext jFor i = k + 1 To nm = a(i, k)For j = k To n + 1a(i, j) = a(i, j) - a(k, j) * mNext jNext iNext kx(n) = a(n, n + 1) / a(n, n)For i = n - 1 To 1 Step -1Sum = 0For j = i + 1 To nSum = Sum + a(i, j) * x(j)Next jx(i) = a(i, n + 1) - SumNext iFor i = 1 To nPrint "x(" + Str(i) + ")=" x(i)Next iEnd Sub例：已知方程组,求X1 X2 X3的值。2X1+5X2+ X3=21 4X1+3X2+3X3=31 X1+3X2+2X3=16 4.3 三角分解法程序代码：Private Sub Command1_Click()Dim a(), b(), l(), u(), x(), y()n = Val(InputBox("请输入方程个数N:")ReDim a(n, n), b(n), l(n, n), u(n, n), x(n), y(n)For i = 1 To nFor j = 1 To na(i, j) = Val(InputBox("请输入系数矩阵A(" + Str(i) + "," + Str(j) + "):")Next jb(i) = Val(InputBox("请输入右端常数项B(" + Str(i) + "):")Next iFor i = 1 To nFor j = 1 To nIf i > j ThenSum = 0For k = 1 To j - 1Sum = Sum + l(i, k) * u(k, j)Next kl(i, j) = (a(i, j) - Sum) / u(j, j)ElseSum = 0For k = 1 To i - 1Sum = Sum + l(i, k) * u(k, j)Next ku(i, j) = a(i, j) - SumEnd IfNext jNext iFor i = 1 To nSum = 0For j = 1 To i - 1Sum = Sum + l(i, j) * y(j)Next jy(i) = b(i) - SumNext iFor i = n To 1 Step -1Sum = 0For j = i + 1 To nSum = Sum + u(i, j) * x(j)Next jx(i) = (y(i) - Sum) / u(i, i)Next iFor i = 1 To nPrint "x(" + Str(i) + ")=" x(i)Next iEnd Sub例：已知方程组,求X1 X2 X3的值。2X1+3X2+4X3=38 X1+7X2+3X3=65 5X1+2X2+ X3=33 4.4 雅可比迭代法程序代码：Dim a(), b(), x0(), x()n = Val(InputBox("请输入方程个数N:")ReDim a(n, n), b(n), x0(n), x(n)ep = Val(InputBox("请输入误差限EP:")nmax = Val(InputBox("请输入最大迭代次数Nmax:")For i = 1 To nFor j = 1 To na(i, j) = Val(InputBox("请输入系数矩阵A(" + Str(i) + "," + Str(j) + "):")Next jb(i) = Val(InputBox("请输入右端常数项B(" + Str(i) + "):")Next iFor i = 1 To nx0(i) = Val(InputBox("请输入初始解X0(" + Str(i) + "):")Next ik = 0f = 0While f = 0Max = 0For i = 1 To nSum = 0For j = 1 To nSum = Sum + a(i, j) * x0(j)Next jd = (b(i) - Sum) / a(i, i)x(i) = x0(i) + dIf Max < Abs(d) ThenMax = Abs(d)End IfNext ik = k + 1If Max < ep Then For i = 1 To n Print "x(" + Str(i) + ")=" x(i) Next i f = 1Else If k > nmax Then Print "迭代失败" f = 1 Else For i = 1 To n x0(i) = x(i) Next i End IfEnd IfWendEnd Sub例：已知方程组,求X1 X2 X3 X4的值。（ep=0.0001,最大迭代次数1000，初始值均为0）7X1+2X2+3X3+ X4=5 X1+5X2+2X3+ X4=42X1+ X2+8X3+3X4=2 X1+4X2+ X3+7X4=74.5 高斯-赛德尔迭代法程序代码：Private Sub Command1_Click()Dim a(), b(), x()n = Val(InputBox("请输入方程个数N:")ep = 0.0001nmax = 10000ReDim a(n, n), b(n), x(n)For i = 1 To nFor j = 1 To na(i, j) = Val(InputBox("请输入系数矩阵A(" + Str(i) + "," + Str(j) + "):")Next jb(i) = Val(InputBox("请输入右端常数项b(:" + Str(i) + "):")Next iFor i = 1 To nx(i) = Val(InputBox("请输入初始解X(:" + Str(i) + "):")Next ik = 0f = 0While f = 0Max = 0For i = 1 To nSum = 0For j = 1 To nSum = Sum + a(i, j) * x(j)Next jd = (b(i) - Sum) / a(i, i)x(i) = x(i) + dIf Max < Abs(d) ThenMax = Abs(d)End IfNext ik = k + 1If Max < ep ThenFor i = 1 To nPrint "x(" + Str(i) + ")=" x(i)Next if = 1ElseIf k > nmax ThenPrint "迭代失败"f = 1End IfEnd IfWendEnd Sub例：已知方程组,求X1 X2 X3的值。（初始值均为0）5X1+ X2+2X3=2 X1+3X2+ X3=8 3X1+ X2+7X3=6第5章 常微分方程的数值解5.1显示欧拉法程序代码：Private Sub Command1_Click()x0 = Val(InputBox("请输入自变量初始值x0")y0 = Val(InputBox("请输入自变量初始值y0")xn = Val(InputBox("请输入自变量值终值xn")n = Val(InputBox("请输入区间等分数")h = (xn - x0) / nX1 = x0 + hIf X1 < xn ThenY1 = y0 + h * (3 + (y0 - x0) 3)Print "x1=" X1, "y1=" Y1x0 = X1y0 = Y1ElseEnd IfEnd Sub例：用欧拉法计算dy/dx=3+(y-x)3，y（0）=0.5（0x1)。区间等分数N=4。5.2欧拉公式预测校正法程序代码：Private Sub Command1_Click()x0 = Val(InputBox("请输入自变量初始值x0")y0 = Val(InputBox("请输入自变量初始值y0")xn = Val(InputBox("请输入自变量值终值xn")n = Val(InputBox("请输入区间等分数")h = (xn - x0) / nX1 = x0 + hIf X1 < xn Thenyp = y0 + h * (3 + (y0 - x0) 3)Y1 = y0 + h * (3 + (yp - X1) 3)Print "x1=" X1, "y1=" Y1x0 = X1y0 = Y1ElseEnd IfEnd Sub例：用欧拉公式预测校正法计算dy/dx=3+(y-x)3，y（0）=0.5（0x1)。区间等分数N=4。5.3改进欧拉公式法程序代码：Private Sub Command1_Click()x0 = Val(InputBox("请输入自变量初始值x0")y0 = Val(InputBox("请输入自变量初始值y0")xn = Val(InputBox("请输入自变量值终值xn")n = Val(InputBox("请输入区间等分数")h = (xn - x0) / nFor i = 1 To nX1 = x0 + hyp = y0 + h * (3 + (y0 - x0) 3)yc = y0 + h * (3 + (yp - X1) 3)Y1 = (yp + yc) / 2Print "x(" + Str(i) + ")=" X1, "y(" + Str(i) + ")=" Y1x0 = X1y0 = Y1Next iEnd Sub例：用改进欧拉公式法计算dy/dx=3+(y-x)3，y（0）=0.5（0x1)。区间等分数N=4。5.4四阶龙格-库塔法程序代码：Private Sub Command1_Click()x0 = Val(InputBox("请输入自变量初始值x0")y0 = Val(InputBox("请输入自变量初始值y0")xn = Val(InputBox("请输入自变量值终值xn")n = Val(InputBox("请输入区间等分数")h = (xn - x0) / nf = 0i = 1While f = 0X1 = x0 + hIf X1 > xn Thenf = 1Elsek1 = x0 * y0 + 4k2 = (x0 + h / 2) * (y0 + h * k1 / 2) + 4k3 = (x0 + h / 2) * (y0 + h * k2 / 2) + 4k4 = X1 * (y0 + h * k3) + 4Y1 = y0 + h * (k1 + 2 * k2 + 2 * k3 + k4) / 6Print "x(" + Str(i) + ")=" X1, "y(" + Str(i) + ")=" Y1x0 = X1y0 = Y1End Ifi = i + 1WendEnd Sub例：用四阶龙格库塔法计算dy/dx=xy+4，y（0）=0（0x1)。区间等分数N=4。
