OrganizationalBehavior17thChapter7.doc

,Organizational Behavior, 17e (Robbins)Chapter 7 Motivation Concepts1) _ is defined as the processes that account for an individuals intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.A) LeadershipB) ManagementC) LearningD) Emotional laborE) MotivationAnswer: EExplanation: E) Motivation is defined as the processes that account for an individuals intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.LO: 7.1: Describe the three key elements of motivation.Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: Concept2) The _ dimension of motivation measures how long a person can maintain effort.A) directionB) persistenceC) intensityD) knowledgeE) experienceAnswer: BExplanation: B) Motivation has a persistence dimension. This measures how long a person can maintain effort. Motivated individuals stay with a task long enough to achieve their goal.LO: 7.1: Describe the three key elements of motivation.Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: Concept3) The _ element of motivation describes how hard a person tries.A) intelligenceB) experienceC) directionD) intensityE) persistenceAnswer: DExplanation: D) Intensity describes how hard a person tries. This is the element most of us focus on when we talk about motivation.LO: 7.1: Describe the three key elements of motivation.Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: Concept4) Motivation is defined as the processes that account for an individuals intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.Answer: TRUEExplanation: Motivation is defined as the processes that account for an individuals intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.LO: 7.1: Describe the three key elements of motivation.Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: Concept5) Organizations influence their employees to volunteer.Answer: TRUEExplanation: Research suggests that half the organizations in Canada actively encourage employee volunteering. As a result, fully one-quarter of all the volunteer work in the country is done by employee volunteers. The study found that the availability of organizational supportuse of work time, paid time to volunteer, facility space, organizational resourceswas critical to employee CSR motivation.LO: 7.1: Describe the three key elements of motivation.Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: Concept6) Describe the three key elements in the definition of motivation.Answer: Motivation is defined as the processes that account for an individuals intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal. The three key elements in our definition are intensity, direction, and persistence. Intensity describes how hard a person tries. This is the element most of us focus on when we talk about motivation. However, high intensity is unlikely to lead to favorable job performance outcomes unless the effort is channeled in a direction that benefits the organization. Therefore, we consider the quality of effort as well as its intensity. Effort directed toward, and consistent with, the organizations goals is the kind of effort we should be seeking. Finally, motivation has a persistence dimension. This measures how long a person can maintain effort. Motivated individuals stay with a task long enough to achieve their goal.LO: 7.1: Describe the three key elements of motivation.Difficulty: ModerateQuest. Category: Concept7) Which level of Maslows hierarchy of needs deals with satisfying ones hunger, thirst, and other bodily needs?A) safetyB) physiologicalC) socialD) esteemE) psychologicalAnswer: BExplanation: B) Maslow hypothesized that within every human being there exists a hierarchy of five needs. The lowest, most basic needs are physiological. They include hunger, thirst, shelter, sex, and other bodily needs.LO: 7.2: Compare the early theories of motivation.Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: ConceptThe church you go to every Sunday is made up of people who have very different lifestyles and are at different stages in their life. Joanna is a 23-year-old single parent who works for minimum wage and shifts from motel to motel for accommodation. Josephine is a single, 45-year-old woman who earns a decent salary and has few interests and friends outside her office. Jonathan is 60 years old, extremely wealthy, has a loving family, and enjoys his work. You have decided to apply Maslows hierarchy of needs to determine what motivates each of these individuals.8) Which of the following needs would most likely motivate Joanna?A) socialB) esteemC) physiologicalD) self-actualizationE) safetyAnswer: CExplanation: C) Joanna first needs to satisfy her basic physiological needs, which include hunger, thirst, shelter, sex, and other bodily needs.LO: 7.2: Compare the early theories of motivation.AACSB: Analytical thinkingDifficulty: ModerateQuest. Category: Application9) Which of the following needs would most likely motivate Josephine?A) socialB) esteemC) physiologicalD) self-actualizationE) safetyAnswer: AExplanation: A) According to Maslow, because Josephine is single and has little social interaction, she would strive to satisfy her social needs, which include affection, belongingness, acceptance, and friendship.LO: 7.2: Compare the early theories of motivation.AACSB: Analytical thinkingDifficulty: ModerateQuest. Category: Application10) Which of the following needs would most motivate Jonathan?A) socialB) esteemC) physiologicalD) self-actualizationE) safetyAnswer: DExplanation: D) According to Maslow, because Jonathan has satisfied all the previous needs in Maslows hierarchy, he would be seeking self-actualization.LO: 7.2: Compare the early theories of motivation.AACSB: Analytical thinkingDifficulty: ModerateQuest. Category: Application11) According to Maslows hierarchy of needs, which of the following is a lower-order need?A) socialB) safetyC) esteemD) self-actualizationE) recognitionAnswer: BExplanation: B) Maslow separated the five needs into higher and lower orders. Physiological and safety needs were lower-order needs, and social, esteem, and self-actualization were higher-order needs.LO: 7.2: Compare the early theories of motivation.Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: Concept12) If we consider Maslows hierarchy of needs in the context of Japan, Greece, and Mexico, where uncertainty-avoidance characteristics are strong, then _ needs would be on top of the hierarchy.A) self-actualizationB) securityC) socialD) esteemE) growthAnswer: BExplanation: B) If we consider Maslows needs hierarchy in the context of Japan, Greece, and Mexico, where uncertainty-avoidance characteristics are strong, security needs would be on top of the hierarchy.LO: 7.2: Compare the early theories of motivation.AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environmentsDifficulty: ModerateQuest. Category: Concept13) Which of the following needs in Maslows hierarchy refers to the drive to become what one is capable of becoming?A) socialB) self-actualizationC) physiologicalD) esteemE) safetyAnswer: BExplanation: B) Self-actualization refers to the drive to become what we are capable of becoming. It includes growth, achieving our potential, and self-fulfillment.LO: 7.2: Compare the early theories of motivation.Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: Concept14) Why is Maslows theory criticized?A) The concept of self-actualization was unfounded.B) There is little evidence that needs are structured or operate in the way it describes.C) The esteem need is a more powerful motivator than self-actualization.D) Its terminology tends to alienate those to whom it is applied.E) It does not adequately describe how an organization can satisfy higher-order needs.Answer: BExplanation: B) Research does not validate Maslows theory. Maslow provided no empirical substantiation, and several studies that sought to validate it found no support for it. There is little evidence that need structures are organized as Maslow proposed, that unsatisfied needs motivate, or that a satisfied need activates movement to a new need level.LO: 7.2: Compare the early theories of motivation.Difficulty: ModerateQuest. Category: Concept15) According to Douglas McGregors Theory Y, a manager assumes that employees _.A) need to be directedB) prefer to be controlledC) learn to accept responsibilityD) need to be micromanagedE) attempt to avoid workAnswer: CExplanation: C) According to Theory Y, managers assume employees can view work as being as natural as rest or play, and therefore the average person can learn to accept, and even seek, responsibility.LO: 7.2: Compare the early theories of motivation.Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: Concept16) If Alberta is categorized as a Theory X manager, which of the following behaviors is she most likely to exhibit?A) She will empower her subordinates.B) She will trust her employees to use their discretion in most matters.C) She will strictly control all the details of any project she is managing.D) She will delegate authority extensively to junior managers.E) She will let her employees choose their own goals.Answer: CExplanation: C) According to Theory X, managers believe employees inherently dislike work and must therefore be directed or even coerced into performing it. Per Theory X, a manager would not trust employees and would feel inclined to control all aspects of their work.LO: 7.2: Compare the early theories of motivation.AACSB: Analytical thinkingDifficulty: ModerateQuest. Category: Application17) The _ theory is also called motivation-hygiene theory.A) hierarchy of needsB) goal-settingC) self-determinationD) cognitive evaluationE) two-factorAnswer: EExplanation: E) Psychologist Frederick Herzberg proposed the two-factor theoryalso called motivation-hygiene theory.LO: 7.2: Compare the early theories of motivation.Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: Concept18) Which of the following theories proposes the idea of a dual continuum?A) Maslows hierarchy of needs theoryB) self-determination theoryC) two-factor theoryD) cognitive evaluation theoryE) McClellands theory of needsAnswer: CExplanation: C) Frederick Herzberg postulated the two-factor theory and proposed a dual continuum: The opposite of "satisfaction" is "no satisfaction," and the opposite of "dissatisfaction" is "no dissatisfaction."LO: 7.2: Compare the early theories of motivation.Difficulty: ModerateQuest. Category: Concept19) According to the two-factor theory, _.A) there exists a hierarchy of needs within every human being, and as each need is satisfied, the next one becomes dominantB) most employees inherently dislike work and must therefore be directed or even coerced into performing itC) employees view work as being as natural as rest or play, and therefore learn to accept, and even seek, responsibilityD) the aspects that lead to job satisfaction are separate and distinct from those that lead to job dissatisfactionE) achievement, power, and affiliation are three important needs that help explain motivationAnswer: DExplanation: D) The two-factor theory proposes that the factors that lead to job satisfaction are separate and distinct from those that lead to job dissatisfaction.LO: 7.2: Compare the early theories of motivation.Difficulty: ModerateQuest. Category: Concept20) Which of the following is a motivational factor according to Herzbergs two-factor theory?A) quality of supervisionB) recognitionC) payD) relationships with othersE) company policiesAnswer: BExplanation: B) Herzberg characterized conditions such as quality of supervision, pay, company policies, physical working conditions, relationships with others, and job security as hygiene factors. When theyre adequate, people will not be dissatisfied; neither will they be satisfied. If we want to motivate people on their jobs, Herzberg suggested emphasizing factors associated with the work itself or with outcomes directly derived from it, such as promotional opportunities, personal growth opportunities, recognition, responsibility, and achievement.LO: 7.2: Compare the early theories of motivation.Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: Concept21) According to the two-factor theory proposed by Herzberg, which of the following is considered a hygiene factor?A) promotional opportunitiesB) quality of supervisionC) achievementD) recognitionE) responsibilityAnswer: BExplanation: B) According to the two-factor theory, conditions such as quality of supervision, pay, company policies, physical working conditions, relationships with others, and job security are considered hygiene factors or extrinsic factors.LO: 7.2: Compare the early theories of motivation.Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: Concept22) According to Herzberg, when _ are adequate, people wont be dissatisfied, but they will also not be satisfied.A) achievement needsB) affiliation needsC) motivational factorsD) power needsE) hygiene factorsAnswer: EExplanation: E) Herzberg suggested that the opposite of "satisfaction" is "no satisfaction," and the opposite of "dissatisfaction" is "no dissatisfaction." Removing dissatisfying characteristics from a job does not necessarily make the job satisfying. When hygiene factors are adequate, people will not be dissatisfied; neither will they be satisfied.LO: 7.2: Compare the early theories of motivation.Difficulty: ModerateQuest. Category: Concept23) McClellands theory is based on which of the following needs?A) stability, growth, and securityB) achievement, power, and affiliationC) self-actualization, stability, and safetyD) hygiene, control, and securityE) control, status, and self-actualizationAnswer: BExplanation: B) McClellands theory of needs states that the need for achievement (nAch), the need for power (nPow), and the need for affiliation (nAff) help explain motivation.LO: 7.2: Compare the early theories of motivation.Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: ConceptYou manage a department of five employees. You have identified that Joe has a high need for achievement, Mary has a high need for power, and Tim has a high need for affiliation. Sarah scored high on the need for power and low on the need for affiliation. Doug scored low on both need for power and need for affiliation.24) Which of these five employees is most likely to be suitable for a new assignment that involves a high degree of personal responsibility and feedback?A) JoeB) MaryC) TimD) SarahE) DougAnswer: A