2023届新教材老高考英语人教版一轮习题：必修第一册 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS.doc

第 1 页 共 10 页【基础达标练】基础默写.单词背诵阅读词汇词义默写1disaster n灾难；灾害2drought n旱灾；久旱3slide vi.&vt.(使)滑行；滑动4shelter n避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险)5context n上下文；语境；背景6volcano n火山7erupt vi.&vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出8typhoon n台风9hurricane n(尤指西大西洋的)飓风10tap vi.&vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n水龙头；轻叩；轻敲11whistle vi.吹口哨；发出笛声 vt.吹口哨 n哨子(声)；呼啸声12emergency n突发事件；紧急情况写作词汇词形默写13rescue n&vt.营救；救援14damage vt.损害；破坏 n损坏；损失15destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭16affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动17electricity n电；电能18bury vt.埋葬；安葬19effort_ n努力；艰难的尝试；尽力20wisdom n智慧；才智21supply n供应(量)；补给；pl.补给品 vt.供应；供给22calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静23sweep vt.&vi.打扫；清扫第 2 页 共 10 页24strike vi.&vt.侵袭；突击；击打 n罢工；罢课；袭击25deliver vt.&vi.递送；传达 vt.发表26summary n总结；概括；概要27effect n影响；结果；效果拓展词汇词形变化28survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过survival n幸存survivor n幸存者29die vi.死；死亡 death n死；死亡30shock n震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊 shocking adj.令人震惊的shocked adj.震惊的31breathe vi.&vt.呼吸breath n呼吸32suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦suffering n折磨；苦难33powern.电力供应；能量；力量；控制力powerful adj.强大的；有力的powerless adj.无力的；没有能力的34long adj.长的length n长度；长.核心短语默写1as if 似乎；好像；仿佛2in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪3in shock 震惊；吃惊4come to an end 结束；终结5dig out 掘出；发现6the number of 的数目7blow away 把刮走8cut across 横穿9as usual 和往常一样10get up on ones feet 站起来11become a home to 成为的家园12in the open air 露天；在户外13carry out 执行；实施；贯彻；完成第 3 页 共 10 页14on hand 现有(尤指帮助)15sweep away 消灭；彻底消除16hold on to 抓住；坚持.教材原句补全1It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!仿佛世界末日即将来临！2 The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than400，000.在此次地震中丧生或身受重伤的人数超过了 40 万。3Fishermen，tourists，hotels，homes，and cars were swept away by huge wavescaused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.渔民、游客、酒店、住房和汽车都被高达 9.0 级的强震所引发的巨浪卷走。4I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.我和我的 3 个孩子正在吃早餐，这时家里开始灌水。5 However，dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliverfood and supplies然而，由于条件险恶和道路受损，食物运送和物资补给将非常困难。语言运用.单句语法填空1The motorcycle ran so fast that it crashed into the fence.2Milk is_delivered(deliver)to our door every morning.3We had to stop for breath(breathe)before we got to the top.4This disaster could cause serious damage to the countrys economy.5With the aid of our English teacher，we have made great progress this term.6If youre addicted to computer games，youll ruin yourself(you)7Ever since he moved there，he has buried(bury)himself in his research work.8Studies show that people are more likely to suffer from back problems if they sitbefore computer screens for long hours.9The accident caused 3 deaths(die)，which happened previous to his arrival there.10If cancers are spotted early，theres a high chance of survival(survive)第 4 页 共 10 页.一句多译/句式升级1他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。(bury)Buried in his study，he didnt know that all the others had left.(分词短语作状语)Burying himself in his study，he didnt know that all the others had left.(分词短语作状语)Because he was buried in his study，he didnt know that all the others had left.(原因状语从句)2我们将竭尽全力帮助你，但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。Well try/do our best to help you，but you must get prepared to meet all kinds ofdifficulties.(best)Well make every effort to help you/spare no effort to help you，but you must getprepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.(effort)3我年龄太小了，不理解这部电影的含义。I was too young to understand the meaning of the film.(too.to.)I was so young that I couldnt understand the meaning of the film.(so.that.)4我突然想到，我应该拜访我的老师。It suddenly struck me that I should pay a visit to my teacher.(strike)It suddenly hit me that I should pay a visit to my teacher.(hit)5He suffered defeat after defeat，and he began to lose faith in himself.Having suffered defeat after defeat，he began to lose faith in himself.(分词短语作状语)【模拟提升练】.完形填空Berry，aged 7，became the youngest member of Hunger Free Colorado，a charityhelping to _1_ hunger throughout the state.Berry first became _2_ of people going hungry when he saw a man at astoplight holding a _3_ asking for help.He was _4_ that the man didnt haveenough money to buy food，so he and his mom looked online for a(n)_5_Theydiscovered Hunger Free Colorado._6_ by the groups mission，Berry decided to_7_ money for the hungry.第 5 页 共 10 页Berry organized kids club meetings at his house，_8_ his friends to help.Atone of their first gatherings，Berry and his friends made pet treat jars to _9_ in theirarea.Later，they ran a doughnut and lemonade _10_ that also offered coffee，icepops and cookies.More events _11_The club hosted a neighborhood movie night._12_ theyarranged a movie night at their school.They told the _13_ of 75 children how theevent would _14_people in hunger.Berry ran the event from beginning to end，_15_ making sure that everything was cleaned up and back to _16_ afterward.Berry continued to hold meetings and _17_ more events.He said the _18_to fundraising is to find what most people like.So far，Berrys club has collected morethan$8，000 for Hunger Free Colorado.Berry likes helping people and getting otherkids _19_Berry is proof that everyone can make a(n)_20_ by doing what he can to helpothers.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。7 岁的 Berry 成了一个旨在消除饥饿的慈善机构的最小的成员，他在自己家里组织了儿童俱乐部会议，号召他的朋友们去提供帮助，并通过经营摊位和组织活动等已成功地为该机构筹集了8 000多美元。1A.findBendCrefuseDattach解析：根据空前的“Hunger Free Colorado”并结合下文内容可推知，这个慈善机构旨在帮助结束(end)本州的饥饿状况。故选 B。答案：B2A.fondBafraidCawareDshamed解析：Berry 看到一个饥饿的人举着牌子(sign)寻求帮助时，他第一次意识到了(aware)有人食不果腹的状况。答案：C3A.letterBphotoCparcelDsign解析：参见上题解析。第 6 页 共 10 页答案：D4A.upsetBdiscouragedCdisappointedDfrightened解析：根据下文 Berry 努力为饥饿的人筹款并结合常识可知，Berry 看到那个人没有足够多的钱去买吃的，他很难过(upset)。答案：A5A.purposeBsolutionCadvantageDdistribution解析：根据语境并结合上题解析可知，Berry 和妈妈就开始在网上寻求(饥饿问题的)解决办法(solution)，与下句“They discovered Hunger Free Colorado.”相呼应。答案：B6A.ManagedBPraisedCRespectedDInspired解析：根据该句中的“.Berry decided to _7_ money for the hungry.”可知，Berry被这个慈善机构的使命所激励(inspired)，决定去为那些饥饿的人们筹钱。答案：D7A.earnBpayCsaveDraise解析：参见上题解析。此处与下文中的“fundraising”“.has collected more than$8，000 for Hunger Free Colorado.”相呼应。raise“筹募”。答案：D8A.calling onBringing upCsearching forDthinking about解析：Berry 在自己家里组织了儿童俱乐部会议，(calling on)号召他的朋友们去提供帮助。答案：A9A.buyBsellCdeliverDcollect解析：根据上文讲述的 Berry 决定为饥饿的人筹钱并结合下一句可知，他们后来还经营了一个卖甜甜圈和柠檬汽水的摊位，并提供咖啡、冰棒和曲奇饼干，由此第 7 页 共 10 页可推知，此处表示 Berry 和他的朋友们把自己做的东西拿去售卖以筹钱。答案：B10A.clubBofficeCstandDbase解析：参见上题解析。stand“货摊”。答案：C11A.developedBexistedCfollowedDentered解析：根据下文可知，Berry 组织的俱乐部还做了许多其他的事情。follow“在后发生”符合语境。答案：C12A.SoBThenCButDYet解析：空前一句表述该俱乐部举办了社区电影夜，空后表述他们在学校也安排了电影夜活动，由此可知，上下句表示逻辑上的顺承关系。then“然后，接着”符合语境。答案：B13A.crowdBnumberCmostDpart解析：75 个儿童属于一个群体，因此选 A。crowd“人群”。答案：A14A.organizeBrequireCuniteDbenefit解析：根据上文“Berry decided to _7_ money for the hungry”和“Berry organizedkids club meetings at his house，_8_ his friends to help.”可推知，Berry 所做的事情是为了给那些饥饿的人提供帮助，即使他们受益。故选 D。答案：D15A.tryingBpracticingCincludingDconsidering解析：根据该句中的“Berry ran the event from beginning to end”可知，Berry 从头第 8 页 共 10 页到尾管理这一事项，且空后介绍了其中的一个细节，由此可推知，此处表示“包括”。答案：C16A.orderBnormalCnatureDbalance解析：此处表示“恢复常态”，与空后的afterward和空前的everything was cleanedup 相呼应。答案：B17A.planBattendCdiscoverDintroduce解析：根据上文中的“Berry organized kidsclub meetings at his house”可推知，Berry 是活动的组织人和策划人，此处表示 Berry 继续组织会议并策划更多的活动。答案：A18A.attitudeBcommitmentCdevotionDkey解析：根据该句中的 find what most people like 并结合语境和选项可推知，此处表示筹钱的关键所在。commitment“承诺，奉献”；devotion“奉献”；key“关键”。答案：D19A.involvedBconcernedCsettledDimpressed解析：根据上文中的“Berry organized kidsclub meetings at his house，_8_hisfriends to help.”可推知，此处表示 Berry 想让其他的孩子也参与其中，帮助他人。答案：A20A.judgmentBdecisionCdifferenceDevidence解析：根据上文内容可知，Berry 就是一个很好的例子，证明了每一个人都可以做其力所能及之事来帮助他人，从而有所影响。make a difference“有影响”。答案：C第 9 页 共 10 页.语法填空(2021全国乙卷)Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响)travelto undisturbed places.It is different from traditional tourism because it allows thetraveler to become1._(educate)about the areasboth in terms ofgeographical conditions and cultural characteristics，and often provides money forconservation and benefits the2._(develop)of the local areas.Ecotourism has 3._(it)origin with the environmental movementof the 1970s.It was not widely accepted as a travel concept4._ thelate 1980s.During that time，increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.Due to5._growing popularity of environmentallyrelatedand adventure travel，various types 6._trips are now being classifiedas ecotourism.Actually，a true ecofriendly trip must meet the following principles：Minimize the impact of7._(visit)the place.Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.Provide8._(finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples.Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and thehosts.Komodo National Park，officially recognized in 1980，is popular forecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.9._(activity)there rangefrom whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim10._(have)a low impact on the natural environment.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。生态旅游是以有特色的生态环境为主要景观的旅游。本文向读者简要介绍了生态旅游的起源和特点。1解析：考查词性转换。educate 与逻辑主语 traveler 之间是被动关系，故应用educated 作表语，意为“受到教育的”。答案：educated2 解析：考查词性转换。空格中所填单词在句中作 benefits 的宾语，需用 develop的名词形式。答案：development3解析：考查代词。空格中所填单词在句中作定语，修饰名词 origin，需用其形容词性物主代词形式。第 10 页 共 10 页答案：its4解析：考查介词。该句意思是“直到 20 世纪 80 年代末，它才被广泛接受为一种旅游理念”。句中使用了“not.until.”句型，意思是“直到才”。答案：until5解析：考查冠词。of environmentallyrelated and adventure travel 作定语，修饰growing popularity，特指“与环境有关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎”，故填定冠词the。答案：the6解析：考查介词。various types of 是固定搭配，意思是“各种类型的”。答案：of7解析：考查非谓语动词。动名词短语 visiting the place 在句中作介词 of 的宾语。答案：visiting8解析：考查词性转换。空格中所填单词在句中作定语，修饰名词 aid，需用finance 的形容词形式。答案：financial9解析：考查名词的单复数。空格中所填单词在句中作主语，由句中 from whalewatching to hiking 可知，这里指各种各样的活动，需用 activity 的复数形式。答案：Activities10 解析：考查非谓语动词。aim 后常接不定式作宾语，aim to do sth.意思是“旨在做某事”。答案：to have