高考英语一轮复习 语法突破形容词和副词精选文档.ppt

高考英语一轮复习高考英语一轮复习 语语法突破法突破 形容词和副形容词和副词课件词课件本讲稿第一页，共三十七页 语法突破第二讲 形容词和副词大一轮复习大一轮复习英语英语 精题在线 技巧点拨 考点归纳本讲稿第二页，共三十七页精题在线1(2014高考大纲全国卷)Raymonds parents wanted him to have_(good)possible education.句意：Raymond的父母想让他尽可能接受最好的教育。根据题干中的possible可推知设空处需用形容词的最高级，故答案为the best。the best 答案答案 本讲稿第三页，共三十七页精题在线2(2014高考福建卷)With online shopping increasingly popular,the Internet is seen as an _(efficiency)way of reaching target customers.句意：随着网购越来越受欢迎，网络被看作是联系目标顾客的有效途径。冠词与名词之间应为形容词形式。efficient 答案答案 本讲稿第四页，共三十七页精题在线3(2014高考安徽卷)My good performance in the job interview left me _(optimism)about my future and about what I can do here.句意：我在求职面试中的优异表现让我对我的未来和在这里可以做的工作感到乐观。考查形容词辨析。(be)optimistic about为固定短语，在本句中用形容词optimistic作宾语补足语。optimistic 答案答案 本讲稿第五页，共三十七页精题在线4(2013高考天津卷)I think watching TV every evening is a waste of timethere are _(meaningful)things to do.句意：我觉得每天晚上看电视是浪费时间有更有意义的事可做。根据题干可看出，和看电视相比，有更有意义的事情可做，所以此处应用比较级。more meaningful 答案答案 本讲稿第六页，共三十七页精题在线5(2013高考辽宁卷)This is by far _(inspiring)movie that I have ever seen.句意：这显然是我看过的最激励人的电影。形容词的最高级句式：“This is最高级名词that I have ever done”。by far“得多，大大地”，与形容词、副词的比较级或最高级连用。the most inspiring 答案答案 本讲稿第七页，共三十七页技巧点拨1加强对比较级和最高级表达法的学习，尤其是一些常见的句型，要做到张口能诵的程度，在理解上不能留任何疑点。如：The result is not very important to us，but if we do win，then so much the _(good)句意：结果对我们来说并不是非常重要，但是如果我们确实赢了的话，那就更好了。“the比较级”结构表示“两者中较的”，根据题意可知，(在赢与不赢之中)赢了比赛，结果更好。better 答案答案 本讲稿第八页，共三十七页技巧点拨2加强对形容词和副词的词义和用法的学习，要做到“词不离句，句不离文”。做题时，要结合语境，注意习惯用法和固定搭配，认真辨析从而做出最佳选择。如：I have seldom seen my mother _ pleased with my progress as she is now.由as she is now可知是考查比较级。在原级比较中，常用as.as.结构，在否定句中，第一个as也可用so。根据题干中的seldom可知此句是否定句，故此处填as/so。as/so 答案答案 本讲稿第九页，共三十七页3备考考生需重视并加强对形容词和副词的构词法的学习。技巧点拨本讲稿第十页，共三十七页一、形容词、副词的用法.形容词的句法功能如下表：考点归纳句法功能例句作定语The research lacks solid evidence,and therefore,its conclusions are doubtful.作表语Trains are fast and convenient,but rush hours can be terrible.本讲稿第十一页，共三十七页考点归纳作宾语补足语Life is hard there,and the mountains make communications difficult.作主语补足语The upper closet was found empty.作主语或宾语(与the或所有格连用)On buses,the young offer their seats to the old,the sick and the disabled.作伴随状语The survivors lay on the beach,exhausted and shocked.本讲稿第十二页，共三十七页.副词的基本用法如下表：考点归纳句法功能例句作状语修饰动词We used to see each other regularly，but I havent heard from him since last year.修饰形容词Wang Wei can be really stubborn.修饰其他副词Neither Tom nor Susan can swim very well.修饰全句Obviously there is much room for improvement in our work.作表语Michael is abroad.作定语Which is the way out?作宾语补足语I am very glad to see you back.本讲稿第十三页，共三十七页注意：以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记：形容词短语作定语，定语后置。a task difficult to finish表语形容词(afraid，alike，alone，asleep，awake，alive等)作定语，定语后置。如a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well，faint，ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill如作定语，意为“bad”。考点归纳本讲稿第十四页，共三十七页用作定语，修饰由不定代词one，no，any，some和every构成的复合词如anything，something等时，通常后置。I have something important to tell you.else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。enough修饰名词前置或后置，修饰形容词、动词或副词时，必须后置。以ly结尾的词性辨析。下列单词以ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively，lonely，lovely，deadly，friendly，ugly，silly，likely，brotherly，timely等。考点归纳本讲稿第十五页，共三十七页二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级.比较级和最高级的构成1规则形式单音节以及少数以ow(如narrow)结尾的双音节形容词或副词，在原级后加er，est构成。如：clevercleverercleverest。其他特殊变化见下表：考点归纳本讲稿第十六页，共三十七页考点归纳特殊情况构成方式例词以e结尾加r和stbravebraverbravest以“辅音字母y”结尾变y为i，再加er和esthappyhappierhappiest以重读闭音节结尾双写词尾，再加er和esthothotterhottest本讲稿第十七页，共三十七页多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词，在原级前加more，most构成。activemore activemost activehappilymore happilymost happily考点归纳本讲稿第十八页，共三十七页2不规则形式good/wellbetterbestfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestbad/ill/badlyworseworstoldolder/elderoldest/eldestmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleast考点归纳本讲稿第十九页，共三十七页.基本用法1平级比较(1)as形容词/副词原级as像一样(2)asadj.a/an名词as像一样的(3)as mucha/an名词as和一样是(4)not as/so形容词/副词原级as.不如那样Henry is a worker as good as Peter(is)Henry is as good a worker as Peter(is)Henry和Peter一样都是好工人。It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。考点归纳本讲稿第二十页，共三十七页2比较级(1)the比较级.，the比较级.越，越The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes youll make.你越仔细，你犯的错误越少。(2)the比较级of the two名词，表示“两个中较的”。The taller of the two boys is my brother.这两个男孩中较高的是我哥哥。考点归纳本讲稿第二十一页，共三十七页3比较级的修饰词常见的修饰词有much，a lot，a great deal，far，even，a bit，a little，any(否定句、疑问句中)，具体的数据等。He is much taller than Yao Ming.他比姚明高多了。考点归纳本讲稿第二十二页，共三十七页4几种带有否定词的比较句型(1)no better than表示“和一样；实际等于”。The patient is no better than he was yesterday.病人的情况和昨天一样。(2)no more.than表示“同一样不”。A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.鲸和马都不是鱼。(3)no less.than表示“和一样；不逊于”。The technique of writing is no less difficult than that of the other arts.写作技巧和其他艺术技巧一样困难。考点归纳本讲稿第二十三页，共三十七页5比较级表达最高级含义(1)“否定词比较级”有最高级的含义。Your story is perfect；Ive never heard a better one before.你的故事太完美了，我从来没有听到比这更好听的故事。(2)比较级在以下几种句式中均表示最高级含义。比较级thanany other单数名词比较级thanall the other复数名词比较级thananyone else比较级thanany of the other复数名词比较级thanthe rest of复数名词或不可数名词考点归纳本讲稿第二十四页，共三十七页例如：朱莉娅是她班上最高的女生。(一句多译)Julia is taller than any other girl in her class.Julia is taller than all the other girls in her class.Julia is taller than any of the other girls in her class.Julia is taller than the rest of girls in her class.Julia is the tallest girl in her class.考点归纳本讲稿第二十五页，共三十七页.特殊用法无比较意义的比较级句型归纳1no more thanonly只有，仅仅，只不过There are no more than a hundred people in the hall.大厅里只有100人。2not more thanat the most不超过，至多There are not more than a hundred people in the hall.大厅里至多100人。3no less than多达，不少于He walks no less than five miles to school.他上学至少要走五英里。考点归纳本讲稿第二十六页，共三十七页4less than不到，不太，极不Doctors have been less than successful in treating this disease.医生在治疗这种病时极不成功。5more than多于，超过(over，后接数词)；不只是(not only，后接名词、动词或副词)；非常，十分(very，后接形容词、副词、动词或分词)；难以，完全不能(用于more than.can.)I was more than happy to meet you here.在这遇见你我非常高兴。6more or less(almost，nearly，about)基本上，差不多，大约The work is more or less finished.工作基本上完成了。考点归纳本讲稿第二十七页，共三十七页7sooner or later 迟早，早晚，总有一天You will succeed sooner or later.总有一天你会成功的。8whats more而且，此外I missed the bus and had to walk home.Whats more，it was raining.我错过了公交车，不得不走回家，而且天又下着雨。9no sooner.than.一就No sooner had he got home than it began to rain.他一到家，就开始下雨了。考点归纳本讲稿第二十八页，共三十七页三、倍数表达法1A is倍数比较级thanB2A is倍数as原级asB3A is倍数the名词(size，length，height等)ofB4A is倍数thatofB5A is倍数what引导的名词性从句考点归纳本讲稿第二十九页，共三十七页Peters jacket looked just the same as Jacks，but it cost twice as much as his.彼得的夹克衫看起来与杰克的一样，但是却是他的价钱的两倍。Americans eat more than twice as many vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.美国人现在每个人吃的蔬菜是1910年的两倍多。Smoking is harmful to peoples health，killing seven times more people each year than traffic accidents.考点归纳本讲稿第三十页，共三十七页吸烟对人的健康有害，每年因抽烟而丧命的人是死于交通事故的7倍多。The output of cars in 2013 is 4 times greater than that of 2012.2013年小轿车产量是2012年的5倍。考点归纳本讲稿第三十一页，共三十七页四、固定搭配常见的形容词搭配有：be absent from缺席，不在；be absorbed in全神贯注于；be active in 对积极，积极于；be ambitious for sth.渴望得到某物；be amazed at对感到惊讶；be angry at sth.因某事而生气；be anxious about对担忧/忧虑；be ashamed of对感到羞愧；be aware of知道，意识到；be bad/poor at不擅长；be blind to不了解，对是盲目的；be buried in埋头于，专心于；be busy with 忙于；be capable of有能力/技能/本领；be careful about 对小心；be certain of对有把握；be close to接近；be concerned with关心；涉及；be confident of对有信心；考点归纳本讲稿第三十二页，共三十七页be confused with对感到迷惑；be connected with与有联系；be conscious of意识到；觉察到，认识到；be considerate of sb.对某人体贴；be(well)content with对(非常)满足；be crazy about酷爱，热爱，热衷于；be curious about对好奇；be different from不同于；be different in在方面不同；be engaged in忙于，从事；be excited about 对感到兴奋；be familiar to为所熟悉；be famous for以闻名；be famous as作为有名；be fit for胜任；be fond of喜欢，爱好；be free from/of免受，免于，不受的影响；考点归纳本讲稿第三十三页，共三十七页be opposite to与相反；be particular about对挑剔；be present at 出席；be proud of对骄傲；be related to 与有联系/有关系，涉及；be responsible for为负责；be sensitive to对敏感；be strict in sth.对某事严格；be strict with sb.对某人严格；be tired from/with因而劳累/疲倦；be tired of厌倦，厌恶常见的副词搭配有：as well(as)也，和，而且；other than除了；rather than而不是；or rather 倒不如说考点归纳本讲稿第三十四页，共三十七页五、形容词和副词常见句型结构1Itsadj.ofsb.to do sth.在该句型中，形容词主要是描述性格和品质方面的，如careful，careless，clever，foolish，good，kind，lazy，nice，polite，right，wrong等。2Itsadj.forsb.to do sth.常用于这一句型的形容词有dangerous，difficult，easy，hard，important，impossible，interesting，necessary，pleasant，safe，useful等。考点归纳本讲稿第三十五页，共三十七页3so.that.如此以至于4such.that.如此以至于5too.to.太而不能考点归纳本讲稿第三十六页，共三十七页当too后跟ready，glad，pleased，willing，anxious等词时，表肯定含义。如：She is too ready to help others.她十分乐于助人。考点归纳本讲稿第三十七页，共三十七页