2013高考英语 阅读理解冲刺训练（4）.doc

2013高考英语（阅读理解）冲刺训练（4） 及答案解析 (第*篇)Five years ago, David Smith wore an expensive suit to work every day. “I was a clothes addict,” he jokes. “I used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so I could change if my clothes got wrinkled.” Today David wears casual clothes-khaki pants and sports shirt-to the office. He hardly ever wears a necktie. “Im working harder than ever,” David says, “and I need to feel comfortable.” More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual clothes to work in the United States. The change from formal to casual office wear has been gradual. In the early 1990s, many companies allowed their employees to wear casual clothes on Friday(but only on Friday). This became known as “dress-down Friday” of “casual Friday”. “What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing.” said business consultant Maisly Jones.Why have so many companies started allowing their employees to wear casual clothes? One reason is that its easier for a company to attract new employees if it has a casual dress code. “A lot of young people dont want to dress up for work,” says the owner of a software company, “so its hard to hire people if you have a conservative dress code.” Another reason is that people seem happier and more productive when they are wearing comfortable clothes. In a study conducted by Levi Strauss and Company, 85 percent of employers said that they believe that casual dress improves employee morale. Only 4 percent of employers said that casual dress has a negative impact on productivity. Supporters of casual office wear also argue that a casual dress code helps them save money. “Suits are expensive, if you have to wear one every day,” one person said. “For the same amount of money, you can buy a lot more casual clothes.” 1. David Smith refers to himself as having been “a clothes addict,” because _.A. he often wore khaki pants and a sports shirtB. he couldnt stand a clean appearanceC. he wanted his clothes to look neat all the timeD. he didnt want to spend much money on clothes2. David Smith wears casual clothes now, because _.A. they make him feel at ease when workingB. he cannot afford to buy expensive clothesC. he looks handsome in casual clothes D. he no longer works for any company3. According to this passage, which of the following statements is false? A. Many employees dont like a conservative dress code. B. Comfortable clothes make employees more productive. C. A casual clothes code is welcomed by young employees. D. All the employers in the U. S. are for casual office wear.4. According to this passage, which of the following statements is true? A. Company workers started to dress down about twenty years ago. B. Dress-down has become an everyday phenomenon since the early 1990s. C. “Dress-down Friday” was first given as a favor from employers. D. Many workers want to wear casual clothes to impress people.5. In this passage, the following advantages of casual office wear are mentioned in the passage except _.A. saving employees money B. making employees more attractiveC. improving employees motivation D. making employees happier从20世纪90年代起，美国许多公司开始允许员工星期五可以不统一着装上班。现在越来越多的公司许可领员工穿便装上班了，这对调节他们的心情，调动其工作热情有一定的作用。1. C。语义理解题。大卫自嘲以前是服装爱好者，衣服一起皱，他就得换上备穿的服装。2. A。语义理解题。从第 1 段最后一句话 “Im working harder than ever,” David says, “and I need to feel comfortable.” 可找到答案。3. D。细节判断题。根据最后一段中的 Only 4 percent of employers said that casual dress has a negative impact on productivity 可知还有一些雇主不赞同穿便装上班。4. C。细节判断题。从第 2 段最后 1 句 “What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing.” 可以做出正确判断。5. B。推断题。通读最后一段可知选项A(为雇员省钱)、B(提高雇员的工作热情)、D(使雇主高兴)在原文中均被提到，只有A未被提到。*结束 (第*篇)Mankind is still evolving(进化), according to a recent study by a team of scientists led by a Yale University evolutionary biologist. But research suggests that the natural selection process is no longer driven by survival, perhaps because of differences in womens fertility(能生育性)The team examined 2,238 women in Framingham, Massachusetts, the US and studied the medical histories of some 14,000 residents since 1948.They found that strong，slightly fat women tend to have more children. And if this trend were to continue for the next 10 generations, by 2409 the average woman would be 2 cm shorter,1 kg heavier, and have a healthier heart.That rate of evolution is pretty similar to what we see in plants and animals. Humans_don_t_seem_to_be_any_exception,_the team said.Other recent genetic research backs up that belief. One study by John Hawks, an anthropologist at the University of Wisconsin at Madison, found that some 1,800 human gene variations (变异) are common in recent generations because of evolution. Among the changes are mutations (突变) that allow people to digest milk or resist malaria(疟疾) and others that govern brain development.Since the Industrial Revolution, modern humans have grown taller and stronger. It s easy to assume that evolution is making humans fitter. But according to anthropologist Peter McAllister, the contemporary male has evolved physically into “the sorriest example of male ever on the planet”. An average Neanderthal woman, McAllister notes, could have beat Arnold Schwarzenegger in an armwrestling (腕力) match. And early Australian Aborigines could easily defeat Usain Bolt in a 100-m dash.However, Douglas Ewbank, of the University of Pennsylvania, says that cultural factors tend to have a much greater impact than natural selection on future generations, so people tend to ignore evolution s effects.And, despite evidence indicating evolution still works, Steve Jones, an evolutionary biologist at University College London, thinks that the impact of evolution on humans is not the most important. “What makes humans what we are is in our minds, in our society, and not in our evolution，” said Jones.语篇解读科学家们发现人类还在不断地进化，但是他们认为自然选择对人类进化的影响已经没那么大了。1What does the underlined sentence “Humans don t seem to be any exception” imply?A. Plants and animals are evolving faster than humans.B. Evolution doesnt work in humans any longer.C. The rate of evolution in plants and animals also applies to humans.D. Humans are unique in their evolution.解析推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，人类的进化速度和动植物的很相似，人类并不例外，由此可判断动植物的进化速度也适用于人类。答案C2Why is the recent genetic research quoted in the fifth paragraph?A. To support the belief that mankind is still evolving.B. To show human gene variations are common in recent generations.C. To prove modern humans have grown fitter.D. To suggest that the natural selection process is no longer driven by survival.解析细节理解题。根据第五段中的Other recent genetic research backs up that belief可知最近的其他基因研究也支持“人类还在进化”这一观点，和文章开头的主题句照应。答案A3According to the passage, we can infer that Arnold Schwarzenegger _.A. used to be a famous actorB. is an American governorC. is very weakD. is very strong解析推理判断题。第六段中举施瓦辛格的例子是为了证明在人类越来越健壮的进化中，男性成为最令人遗憾的例子。由对施瓦辛格的了解和文段内容可判断阿诺德·施瓦辛格很强壮，力气很大。答案D4According to Douglas Ewbank, which of the following factors plays a greater part in the future generations?A. Culture. B. Evolution.C. Natural selection. D. Genetic mutations.解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，在未来的后代中，起更大作用的是文化因素。答案A5What is the main idea of the passage?A. Mankind is still evolving.B. Women will get fatter.C. The history of human evolution.D. Future women tend to have more children.解析主旨大意题。本文第一句就是主题句，后面都是围绕着“人类还在不断地进化”这一观点进行论述的。答案A长难句解读1.Among the changes are mutations(突变)that allow people to digest milk or resist malaria(疟疾) and others that govern brain development.本句主语很长，为了句子结构的平衡进行了倒装。主句的主语是mutations and others，定语从句that allow people to digest milk or resist malaria修饰mutations，定语从句that govern brain development修饰others。2And, despite evidence indicating evolution still works, Steve Jones, an evolutionary biologist at University College London, thinks that the impact of evolution on humans is not the most important.本句的主语是Steve Jones, an evolutionary biologist at University College London是Steve Jones的同位语，that引导一个宾语从句。despite evidence为介词短语作状语，后面的非谓语动词短语作evidence的后置定语。*结束- 5 -