教版中考英语语法专题之介词课件.ppt

专题五 preposition（介词）,中考英语语法专题,本专题内容适用于79年级学生,本专题一般共需2课时,Preposition(介词),知识要点： 一、介词的分类和用法 二、常用介词搭配和区别 三、巩固练习,第一课时 介词的分类和用法,二、巩固练习,一、介词的分类和用法,一、介词的分类1.表示时间和日期的介词 in表示年、季节、月份、周，或泛指上午、下午或晚上；on表示某一天，某一天的上午、下午或晚上；at表示某一时刻或时间上的某一点。,例题分析 The earthquake which happened in Yushu _ 14th April, 2010 was a big disaster. A. at B. on C. in D. to 答案B 思路分析本题考查的是表示时间的介词的用法。具体日期前用介词on故选择B。 The car accident happened _ a cold winter morning. Luckily, no one was hurt. A. in B. on C. at D. of 答案B 思路分析本题考查的是表示时间的介词的用法。专指某一特定的上午下午和晚上要用介词on。例如: on a spring morning故选择B。 The famous writer William Shakespeare was born _1564. A. in B. on C. at D. of 答案A 思路分析本题考查的是表示时间的介词的用法。某一年份前用介词in故选择A。,2.表示方位的介词1）常用方位介词on意为“在的上面”；over意为“在（垂直）的正上方”；above意为“在（不一定垂直）的上方”；under意为“在（垂直的）正下方”；below意为“在（不一定垂直）的下方”；near意为“在附近”；next to意为“紧挨着”；round / around意为“在周围”；by意为“在旁边”；2）表示两者的位置关系时in表示“在同一区域内或同一范围内”；on表示“接壤；相邻”；to表示“相离；相隔”，两者不属同一范围，也不接壤。,3.表示延续时间的介词by意为“在之前；不迟于”；for意为“历时之久；持续”；in意为“在以后；在时间内”；since意为“自从以来；自以后”；until用于否定句中，意为“直到才”，其前的谓语动词多为非延续性动词，用在肯定句中，意为“直到为止”，其前谓语动词须用延续性动词。如：He didnt go to bed until his mother came back home yesterday.昨天他直到他妈妈回家才睡觉。He watched TV until his mother came back home yesterday。昨天他看电视一直到他妈妈回家的时候。,他已经当老师9年了。He has been a teacher _ nine years.我已经在这儿住了10年了。I have lived here _ ten years ago.他十分钟之后将会回来。He will be back _ ten minutes.知道五月，我们才会看到一些花。We dont see any flowers _ May.你必须得在这里站到太阳落下去为止。You must stand here _ the sun sets.我明天早晨八点前必须得到校。I must be at school _ eight tomorrow morning.你能在五分钟之内干完这些工作吗？Can you finish your work _ five minutes?,Quiz即学即练,4.表示方式的介词介词用来表交通，常把by, in, on来用；限定、复数用in / on，by要直通海陆空；骑马、骑车惯用on，小轿车前in才通。【注】1. by + 交通工具，意为“乘坐”。如： 海：be ship / boat / sea 陆：by bus / car / train / bike / taxi 空：by air / plane / spaceship2. on / in + 限定词 + 交通工具，意为“乘坐”。如： He goes to work on the bike / in his car. 他骑自行车 / 开车去上班。3. on foot为固定短语，意为“步行”。,5.表示运动方向的介词 across意为“从表面穿过”，或沿某一条线的方向而进行的动作；through意为 “从内部穿过”，past和by表示“从旁边经过或路过”。如： Please be careful when you go _ the street. Look! The mosquito is trying to fly _ the window.We often go _ a bakery on our way to school.6.不用介词的情况 today, yesterday, tomorrow等时间状语前；含有last, this, that, these, those, next, every, one, some, all等词的时间状语前；here, there, home, back等副词前。,介词专练I Fill in the blanks with at/on/in.(用at, on, in填空。)1. _ five oclock 2. _ a quarter past seven3. _ February 11th4. _ a hot summer afternoon5. _ winter 6. _ the morning of Childrens Day7. _ night8. _ the evening,介词专练I. Fill in the blanks with at/on/in.(用at, on, in填空。）1. _at_ five oclock 2. _at_ a quarter past seven3. _on_ February 11th4. _on_ a hot summer afternoon5. _in_ winter 6. _on_ the morning of Childrens Day7. _at_ night8. _in_ the evening,II Fill in the blanks with by/on/in(用by, on, in填空。) 1. They often go to school _ foot. 2. Does he usually go home _ bike? 3. She went to Qingdao _ ship last week. 4. I want to go to Beijing _ bus. 5. She often comes to school _ her fathers car. 6. Did you come here _ a taxi?,II Fill in the blanks with by/on/in(用by, on, in填空。) 1. They often go to school _on_ foot. 2. Does he usually go home _by_ bike? 3. She went to Qingdao _by_ ship last week. 4. I want to go to Beijing _by_ bus. 5. She often comes to school _in_ her fathers car. 6. Did you come here _in_ a taxi?,III Fill in the blanks with to/on/in(用to, on, in填空。) 。 1. Shanghai is located _ the east of China. 2. Handan is _ the south of Hebei province. 3. Hainan is _ the south of China. 4. Japan is _ the east of China. 5. Henan province is _ the south of Hebei province. 6. Taiwan is _ the southeast of China.,III Fill in the blanks with to/on/in(用to, on, in填空。) 。 1. Shanghai is located _in_ the east of China. 2. Handan is _in_ the south of Hebei province. 3. Hainan is _in_ the south of China. 4. Japan is _to_ the east of China. 5. Henan province is _on_ the south of Hebei province. 6. Taiwan is _in_ the southeast of China.,中考链接,1（2021青海）Look! The sun is shining directly into the car. Youd better park it _ the tree.Aunder Bin front of Cbehind2（2021湖南湘潭市）How do you study for a test, Eric?I study _ working with a group.Aby Bwith Cin3（2021湖北恩施土家族苗族自治州）Yuan Longping， one of the best-known scientists around the world, made great contributions _ developing hybrid rice.Ain Bfor Cto4（2021湖南怀化市）I often help my parents with housework _ Sundays.Aon Bin Cat5（2021甘肃天水市）We left _ such a hurry that we forgot our tickets.Aon Bfor Cto Din,A,A,C,A,D,6（2021山西）In the future, robots will play a more important role in peoples life _ the development of technology.Aahead of Binstead of Cbecause of7（2021江苏南京市）We are going to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China _ July 1st, 2021.Ain Bon Cat Dof8（2021河北）I eat rice _ beef and potatoes. Its delicious.Ain Bon Cwith Dfor9（2021江苏盐城市）China successfully landed a spacecraft _ Mars in May, 2021.Ain Bon Cat Dfor10（2021湖北武汉市） I could tell _ the look on her face that something exciting had happened. Exactly!Aon Bwith Cby Dat,C,B,C,B,C,课时总结,介词的分类,表示时间,表示方位,表示方式,表示运动方向,常用介词用法歌诀in在里面on在上，by和beside在近旁；above表示在上方，below恰好为反向。若表正上用over，under表示正下方。in front of表在前，反义behind在后面。从里穿过用through，表面通过across。进到里面用into，落到上面用onto。from表示自何方，to和towards表朝向。小小介词用处大，反复实践掌握它。,Thank you for listening,