外语教学理论.ppt

外语教学理论 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望 Lecture 1Introduction ofForeign Language Teaching Theory 1-1 What is FLTT?The nature of FLTT If we want to know something about the nature of FLTT,first we should have some ideas of“What is FLT”.What is called FLT we mean an action which is to teach students some knowledge of target language,to help them have some communicating skills in target language,or learn about some culture of the countries using target language so as to help them go well or meet their needs in the future.The statement above tells us that“Every ting in FLT is for students”As we know,any action should follow some special lawsand principles.FLT is an action of system,which is complex,and involves some important and multifarious factors,such as theorical factors,conditional factors,and methodical factors.The factors each have their own law of going and developing,and they are interrelated and interact on each other,which will have a great influence on the result of FLT.The statement above tells us that“The action of FLT should follow some principles”1-2 The Natrue of FLTTAccording to the general statements above,we can have such a general idea of the neture of FLTT:FLTT(Foreign Language Teaching Theory)is a scientific exploration,description,and summary of the nature of FLT(foreign language teaching),and its purpose is to explorethe nature of FLT so as to give a better useful help to the practice of FLT.Therefore,FLTT is part of FLT,which plays a very important role in the practice of FLT.FLTT is not a concrete teaching method,but just a view or a thought of FLT,or a certain structure of theory.FLTT involvesmany contents,which causes many concrete FLTTs.But different people have different views,so each FLTT has its own structure of theory.Lecture 2 General Introduction of Some Therical Structures of FLTTLinguisticsPsychologySociologyAnthropologyApplying:LinguisticsPsychology SociologyAnthropologyeducation（Dialectical relationship）TheoristsMediumPractisers Graph 1(2-1)by R.N.Campbell(康贝尔),a famous Applied linguists in 1980 The Theorical Structure(Model)of Second Language Teaching Theory of linguistics Theory of learning Theory of linguistics learning-2Discription of linguistics-1Theory of Pragmatics-3 Teaching of Second LanguageThe Theorical Structure of Educational Linguistics Model Psychology Psycholinguistics Sociolinguistics Educational Linguistics Graph 2(2-2)by B.Spolsky(斯布尔斯基),a famous linguists in 1980 Attention:1,2,3 are called the Three Origins of Language Teaching Model for the Development of Language Teaching Practice Basic subjectsLinguisticsPsycholinguisticsSociolinguisticsPsychologySociologyPrinciplesof second languagelearningMethodologyMethodSyllabusAimsReassessment from practice Insight Application Teaching plan feedback Teaching practiceTheorists Graph 3(2-3)by S.R.Ingram(英格拉姆),a famous applied linguists in 1980 SociologyLinguisticsPsychologySociolinguisticsPsycholinguisticsLanguage LearningLearningTheory of ManTeacher&StudentCoursesSituationTeaching in classroom Graph 4(2-4)by C.J.Brumfit(勃鲁姆费特),a famous applied linguists in 1980 Model of Second Language Teaching Interaction Model of Language Learning,Teaching and Policy governmentTeaching policyLanguage policySociologyCoursesMTILSM for the varable of methods or material.T for the varable of teachers.I for the varable of teaching.S for the varable ofsociety.L for the varable ofLearning.They are calledFive Varables Graph 5(2-5)by W.F.Mackey(玛基),a famous applied linguists in 1970 1-policy&purpose2-administration&Orgnazation3-majior training4-choice of teaching&learning modles6-ways7-educology&instructionteaching method&teaching 8-syllabus design 9-construction of textbook 11-learners10-external compelling factors 12-assesment5-teacher training Model of Teaching Process Graph 6(2-6)by P.D.Strevens (斯曲雷文斯)Method of teaching:PurposeContebtsProcessesResourcesEffect assessment Organization:Planning and management Primary schoolMiddle schoolHigher education Adult Education Education for teacherTheory and research of Educational Linguistics Learning Language Teaching SituationHistory oflanguage teachingLinguistics Sociology Social-psychologyAnthropology PsychologyPsycholinguistics Educational Theory Graph 7(2-7)A General Model for Second Language Theachin Theory by H.H.Stern(斯顿)FLTTFMFCFTherical Model of foreign language teaching system(1)The diagram above shows us that what should first be studied in FLTT based on systemaology for us is to learn the relation among TF,CF and MF(we call them foundational factors)in FLT,and its effect on the quality of FLT.(Graph 8)2-8NotesTF for the theoretical factorsCF for the conditional factors MF for the methodical factorsTherical Model of of foreign language teaching system(2)FLTMFCFTFLMTMLPSHCSCNotesL for linguisticsP for psychologyS for sociologySC for software conditionHC for hardware conditionTM for teaching methodLM for learning methodThe diagram shows that of the three main teaching factors,each has its own factors,and the whole system of foreign language teaching is made up of these factors.So study of the factors inside each foundational factor and the relationship between them and the teaching quality is also what we should do.(Graph 8)Attention !What is dominant in the ground of the study of FLTT in China is linguistics,especially the behavioral linguistics,functional linguistics and psychological linguistics.In another word,when FLTT is talked about,it refers to that of linguistics.There is no doubt that linguistics plays a very important role in foreign language teaching,for foreign language teaching is based on language.But as has been shown before,foreign language teaching is an action system ,which is multifarious and complex,mainly containing three factors:linguistics,psychology and methodology.So we can see linguistics is not the only teaching factor,but only one of many teaching factors.That is to say,linguistics is just one part,not the only of the multifarious and disorderly teaching system,and we can also say that the theory of linguistics is not that of foreign language teaching.In my opinion,since FLT is a multifarious and disorderly system,which contains many theories such as linguistics,psychology and methodology and so on,it is another valuable way to set up a common ground by discussing the FLTT from the perspective of systemaology.Do you agree with me?*As has been shown before,what we call FLTT are some principles and laws that a teacher should follow during his/heractual foreign language teaching.But the principles are based on many theories,especially on linguistics,psychology and methodology.Thus study of FLTT is a great help for a teacher to spread his or her knowledge.*Study of FLTT can make the teaching more scientific.As we know,foreign language teaching is one kind of social sciences,and it is not just a simple teaching action,so scientific teaching is a great help for a teacher to get good teaching result.*Study of FLTT can be a great help for a teacher to find out or build up his/her own approaches or methods suitable for students,teaching goals,and special teaching resources during teaching.Discussion Here are short videos from your own grade,and could say something about them according to your understanding of applying the therical strutures of FLTT to practical FLT?12 Lecture 3TheoryofApplied LinguisticsConception Applied linguistics,one school of linguistics,existing in the 1940s,is a subject which uses the theory of linguistics in each concrete domain.It studies both the theory of linguistics and the practice of language,so it is an applied subject(应用型学科)valuable to a teacher.Conception Applied linguistics,one school of linguistics,existing in the 1940s,is a subject which uses the theory of linguistics in each concrete domain.It studies both the theory of linguistics and the practice of language,so it is an applied subject(应用型学科)valuable to a teacher.The forerunners or leading exponentsP.Strevens(斯特雷文斯斯特雷文斯)：a professor of Cambridge University,who gave out five principles of applied linguistics.K.Kaplan(卡普兰卡普兰)：a professor of South California University,who printed the works on the Scope of Applied Linguistics.G.Cook(库克库克):a professor of the Institute of Education of London University,who edited the book Principle and Practice in Applied Linguistics with B.Seidlhofer.B.Seidlhofer(塞德霍夫塞德霍夫):a professor of Vienna University,who edited the book Principle and Practice in Applied Linguistics with G.Cook.The main contents of Applied Linguistics In the book Principle and Practice in Applied Linguistics edited by G.Cook and B.Seidlhofer,they think the main research contents of applied linguists should involve:(1)Language treatment;(2)Human relations and communication(including Various professional languages);(3)Language policy and planning;(4)Education and language;(5)Language teaching and learning;(6)Translation and interpretation;(7)Dictionaries compilation (to be continued)(1)Language treatment:In human language speech,we may meet some language barriers,or in our daily life,we may meet something such as stroke(中风),brain flesh wound,parkinson sickness,autism(自闭症)，congenital lip crack（唇齿裂）and so on,which may hurt our brains or language nerve center in our brains,causing the aphasia(失语症),the barrier of constructing sound(构音障碍),and stuttering(口吃)and so on.But some special speech actions，training as well are helpful in these patients recovery.Now the language treatment has become an important constituent of the rehabilitative medicine(康复医学).This is what we call the treatment function of language.(2)Human relations and communication(including various professional languages):Different language speech should be used in different environment or professions,different communicational goals need different language speech,and people in different status need different language speech as well so as to transmit our emotion or express our intention.This is what we call the communicative function of language.(3)Language policy and planning(LPP):In fact,the essence of language policy and planning is the relation between government and language.To be specific,because of the changing,reviving,transferring,and withering away of languages and so on,how does the government take measures to deal with the languages which are dying out so as to save them?How does the government promote the languages which are starting?How does the government standard and disseminate language?How does the government regard the relation between the foreign language and the mother language so as to make the policy of foreign language education?This is what we call the social function of language.(4)Education and language:The goal of education is to improve humans quality and survivability,and education involves various domains,of which,language is the carrier of information of each domain.Education can not exist without language.In a sense,education begins with language.But education involves many professional domains.Because of this reason,language speech in different professional situation is quite different.(5)Language teaching and learning:Since education begins with language,teaching and learning language is the foundation of various educations.Because of this,how to teach and learn language is certainly one of applied linguistics research contents,but not the only one.Therefore,dont equalize applied linguistics with language teaching and learning.(6)Translation and interpretation:Translation and interpretation involve many fields,the former in written language and the later in spoken language.The traditional theory of translation puts the focus on the translation skill and the ways of how to use the words and sentences to translate the original texts,and this is what we call“Transmission”(the transmission of the ideas and thoughts of the original texts,信in Chinese),“Accurate”(the smooth writing,达in Chinese)and“Elegant”(the graceful writing,雅in Chinese),while applied linguistics thinks that translation as well as interpretation is an independent process of indicating objects,and the cultural background and context,the thought and psychological characteristic of the translator should be paid much more attention to,and the machine translation(also called CAT:computer-assisted translation)is one of the focus of applied linguistics.For example,the Cross-cultural Communication,which is very popular today in China is based on the theory of the the cultural background and context of applied linguistics.(7)Dictionaries compilation:With the development of society,science and technology,languages are increasing fast,and more and more new words appear in our daily life and other fields.How to compile dictionaries,for example,how to put the words in to the dictionaries in different categories so that they can take for easy reference books,is one of the focus of applied linguistics.These above arethe main contents of Applied Linguistics A:The applied linguistics has the certain rationale and the principle;B:The applied linguistics foundation and the principle are various,they include the linguistics,the psychology,the information theory,thesociology,the pedagogy,the philosophy and the logical discipline andso on;C:The language teaching and learning are the main research contents of the applied linguistics,but not the only;D:Each domain of the applied linguistics should have its own explicit limits;E:The applied linguistics is not static,but one object which isunceasingly developing.The principles and laws of applied linguistics In the book on the Scope of Applied Linguistics,edited by K.Kaplan,P.Strevens gives out the principles and laws of applied linguistics like the following:1:The influence from the treatment function of language:Supposing you are a teacher of a special school,especially a school for the students with mental deficiency(backward students),what is your purpose of foreign language teaching,and how will you teach your students English?Or supposing you are an English teacher in a middle school,how do you treat your students suffering from learning barriers(for instance,he or she is learning hard,but cannot get good learning result.)2:The influence from the communicative function of language:Supposing you are a teacher in a professional school,could you use the same method used in a common school in your concrete foreign language teaching?Or supposing you are teaching a dialogue based on a certain situation,could you tell your students some special words or phrases or expressions in such certain situation?The influences of applied linguistics on FLT Applied linguistics has great influence on FLT.Under the influence of applied linguistics,FLT is increasing very fast.The followings are some samples according 6 of the 7 contents of applied linguistics research.3:The influence from the social function of language:Supposing you are now a teacher of a midd