人教版高二英语下学期期末测试卷含答案解析(2).pdf
人教版（人教版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第四册）高中英语选择性必修第四册期末测试模拟卷期末测试模拟卷（本试卷满分 120 分，考试时间 100 分钟）第二部分第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分阅读（共两节，满分 50 分）分）第一节（共第一节（共 15 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分分，满分 37.5 分）分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。ABig Space Events To Put In Your Calendar For 2022MAY CHINA*SPACE STATION GETS BIGGERMay will see the launch of a new module for the Tiangong space station,Chinas Palace in the sky”.Its first coremodule,Tianhe was launched last April.The next module will be Wentian,a laboratory expected to launch betweenMay and June.It will also serve as a backup core module and the place where future spacewalks from the taikonautswill take place.It will be followed by a second laboratory module,Mengtian,in August-September.JUNEINDIAS SPACECRAFT TAKES ITS FIRST FLIGHTISRO,the Indian Space Research Organization,has announced that Gaganyaan（which translates to Sky Craft）will have is first unscrewed fight in June.The craft is panned to be a key vehicle in the Indian Human SpaceflightProgram and,all going well in this test;it will be followed by a crewed test next year.JULYRUSSIA EYES THE MOONAGAINRussias Luna program had many successes with landers,rovers,and even sample returns,and Luna 25 isexpected to follow in that tradition according to Russian Space Agency,Roscomos.The mission this fine is just alander expected to touch down near the Lunar South Pole with instruments designed to study the soil.The locationmight be a possible area of interest for a permanent base on the Moon.AUGUSTMORE LUNAR MISSIONSAugust will see the launch of the Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter,a panned lunar orbiter by the Korea AerospaceResearch Institute（KARI）.This will be the first Korean Lunar Mission,a technology demonstration for KARI.21.Which country will carry out multiple space tasks this year?A.China.B.India.C.Russia.D.Korea22.What do we know about Luna 25?A.It will operate in low lunar orbit.B.It will take a land on the Moon.C.It will serve as a permanent base.D.It will take its first crewed flight.23.When is the first Korean Lunar Mission scheduled?A.In May.B.In June.C.In July.D.In AugustBA recent story in the Wall Street Journal newspaper looked at students who went to celebrated universities such asColumbia and New York University,for advanced degrees in subjects like art,film and even social work.Many of thestudents said they learned a lot.However,when they graduated,they were deep in debt and did not think they wouldfind work that would let them pay back their loans.Students said they spoke with Columbia about the high cost of advanced arts degrees but never received areasonable answer.Education experts say the school is very wealthy,with large funds.The University,however,prefers to ask the students to pay the full cost.Kevin Carey is a higher education expert for New America,a public policy research center.He called mastersdegrees a scam“in a conversation.Charging people a ton of money to go into any artistic career is often superproblematic,he said.Castillo is an actor in New York City.He earned an MFA from The Actors Studio in New York City.Was hisMFA worth the cost?I do think it was worth it.I dont put a price tag on my education or my experience.I think itssort of unfortunate that so many people take education for granted.Castillo said students who are thinking about anadvanced degree in art should be sure they are doing it because they value the education,not because they want moneyor to be famous.Plazinska is a filmmaker in New York City.She attended graduate school both at Baylor University in Texas andat the University of Lowa.Arts graduate programs can help students meet and make friends with fellow artists withwhom they can work throughout their careers.For school to be of value,students need to remember why they startedmaking art in the beginning.Its just for the pure pleasure of creating and fulfilling myself this way.”24.Whats the problem for students in famous universities for art advanced degrees?A.They cant take loans.B.They cant find any work.C.They may be heavily in debt.D.They may drop out of university.25.What does the underlined word scam in paragraph 3 mean?A.Way.B.Trick.C.Skill.D.Game.26.What does Castillo think of his MFA?A.He thinks highly of it.B.Its a waste of money.C.He takes it for granted.D.It brings him fame and money.27.What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?A.Arts graduate programs ensure a promising future.B.Students had better consider whether they can afford the fee.C.Arts graduate programs introduce celebrity artists to their students.D.Students should stick to their original purposes while learning.COxygen,Im sure youd agree,is pretty important for life on Earth.We breathe it in,our cells survive on it andwithout it,we hardly live.Basically,all multicellular life on Earth evolved over millions of years to make use ofoxygen.But take a deep breath,because we need to talk about Henneguya salminicola,a tiny parasite（寄生虫）containing fewer than 100 cells that lives within the muscle tissue of salmon,a large fish with silver skin and pink flesh.The strange-looking parasite does not busy itself with such small matters as breathing oxygen.Nope,it seems that H.salminicola is the first multicellular animal weve found that survives without the stuff.“Aerobic respiration（有氧口乎吸）was thought to be commonly found in animals,but now we confirmed thatthis is not the case,“said Dorothee Huchon,a zoologist at Tel Aviv University in Israel,in a press release.Huchon and a team of international researchers examined and sequenced（排序）all of.salmincolas genes in theirstudy,published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.They found that the parasite,which isclosely related to jellyfish,lacks the DNA machinery necessary to“breathe Mt doesnt have mitochondria（线粒体）,often called the powerhouse of the cell,because they use oxygen to make energy.Its like a little factory insidealmost all cells,and DNA detectives can find mitochondrial genes during sequencing.The discovery came as something of an accident for the team,who were examining the genome(the complete setof genes)of the species.When they went searching for the mitochondrial genes,they came up empty-handed.Ourdiscovery shows that evolution can go in strange directions,Huchon said.Aerobic respiration is a major source ofenergy,and yet we found an animal that gave up this important pathway.”Some single-celled life forms have evolved the ability to survive without oxygen and do not have mitochondria,either.Plenty of bacteria can exist without oxygen at all.Instead of oxygen,they get their energy from fernentation(发酵)or use other molecules like iron.But how H.salminicola produces energy is still unclear.Huchon suggests it could draw oxygen from the cells insalmon or it could have evolved similar methods to those of single-celled organisms which scientists have documentedin the past.28.What can we learn about Henneguya salminicola?A.It is an animal consisting of a cell.B.It can still survive without oxygen.C.It takes on a normal appearance.D.It has a longer life span than salmon.29.What is the main function of mitochondria?A.To make cells breathe fast.B.To help to produce oxygen.C.To provide energy for cells.D.To help cells absorb oxygen.30.How did Huchon probably feel about the discovery?A.Interested.B.Satisfied.C.Astonished.D.Frightened.31.What could be the most suitable title for the text?A.The natural evolution of animal cellsB.Different kinds of life forms on earthC.A research on single-celled organismsD.A creature that doesnt breathe oxygenDIn these days of information overload,its never been more important to keep track of and back up your data.Theproblem is that digital storage doesnt last forever.Hard disks fail,phones tumble out of our pockets,and tablets arebeaten up by grandchildren.This is why it is important to think carefully about your back-up strategy.Online back-ups are easier,arguably.All of the big tech players have online storage you can treat like your ownhard disk.Google has Google Drive,Apple has iCloud,and Microsoft has OneDrive.All you have to do is downloadthe app for service you want to use to your computer or phone.Most Cloud storage apps even have the option toautomatically upload your camera roll,so when you take new photos they511 be sent up to the Cloud as soon as youconnect to wifi.Offline storage is slightly trickier.Looking after Cloud files is Google5s or Microsofts problem.But offline,figuring out what equipment to buy is something you need to figure out for yourself.The most obvious option is to buya portable USB hard drive.Just plug it into your computer and you can copy important files to it.This is definitely abetter approach than doing absolutely nothing,but there5s still a problem:if your back-up drive fails,you still loseeverything.This is why if you5re serious about backing up-and you should be-I recommend the slightly pricier option ofgetting a device known as a NAS,which stands for Network Attached Storage“and is basically a mini computer thatyou can plug directly into your wifi router.Some companies have devices available that contain only one hard drive,but I recommend buying one with space for at least two.This is because on most NAS models,two hard disks can worktogether to keep your files safe.Instead of appearing as separate hard disks,they can be combined using a featurecalled RAID”,standing for Redundant Array of Independent Disks”and it basically tells your NAS to treat the twohard disks inside it as though they were one drive,with the contents mirrored on both drives automatically.It meansthat if one of the two drives goes kaput,you still have a perfectly functioning mirror copy with all your files safelystored on it.The only thing considered undesirable is that a decent NAS tends to start at around 300,and that excludesthe price of the hard disks themselves.But before you scream in horror,remember-this is for your most important files,to keep them safe.So,as annoying as it might sound,this is important.Just as you wouldnt leave your home with a risky boiler ordrive a car with faulty brakes.It5s time to do the boring but important thing and spend the money to get your databacked up-before it is too late.32.Why are online back-ups easier?A.Because all of the big tech companies offer online storage free of charge.B.Because you just need to download the Cloud storage app for service you want.C.Because it is the service providers that are to blame if your Cloud files get lost.D.Because the data of your digital device is uploaded to the Cloud automatically.33.What can we learn about NAS?A.Its a device that you can plug into your computer.B.RAID is used to separate two hard disks inside NAS.C.It tends to be very costly even without hard disks.D.Most of them contain only one hard drive within.34.What does the underlined word kaput”in the fourth paragraph probably mean?A.Tom.B.Broken.C.Lost.D.Shut.35.Whats the main idea of the passage?A.Strategies for backing up data.B.Solutions to information overload.C.Problems concerning digital storage.D.Reasons for keeping track of your data.第二节（共第二节（共 5 小题；每小题小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分分，满分 12.5 分）分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Fall is our favourite hiking season.It5snottoo hot.The bugs are gone.Solitude（无人居住的地方）is easier to find.But fall hiking has its own complications,especially when it comes to weather.36Protect your feet.Pamper your feet,and they511 take you around the world.37 A pair of suede or synthetic shoeswill offer great comfort,without a big breaking in”process.They dry fast,and arent tough on the wallet.If you5regoing for longer treks（跋涉），then you511 want footwear that offers support,comfort,weather resistance,anddurability.Backpacks.38 Size.For a short hike,a daypack is best.Its light,practical,and big enough to carry the essentials（youve looking for something between 15 and 35 L）.For longer hikes,look for a pack between 30-50 L with anintegrated frame（to prevent the bag from putting too much pressure on your back and shoulders）.Stay hydrated（含水的）.Yes,the heatwaves of summer are probably gone for the year,but packing enoughwater is vital in any season.39 For longer treks,consider a hydration reservoir,which can carry anywhere from 0.5 to10 L.No need to search in your pack for your water bottle;just enjoy a sip from the handy tube.40 Changeable fall can transform a sunny morning into a wet,cold afternoon.After a forest hike,the windatop the lookout can bite.Dress in layers.If its warm,you can take a layer off to prevent sweating.If its cool,you canadd a layer back on.Softshells are easily packable and light.They keep wind and water off,and are easy to take on andoff as needed.Dressing for your trek?Check the forecast before hitting the trails.A.Number one criterion?B.Keep warm and dry.C.Like only cheep shoes?D.Just going short distances?E.Having enough water will keep you energetic.F.Before heading out,check out this handy fall hiking checklist.G.For shorter hikes,this might just mean filling up your favourite water bottle.第三部分第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分语言运用（共两节，满分 30 分）分）第一节（共第一节（共 15 小题；每小题小题；每小题 1 分，满分分，满分 15 分）分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Life is to be lived.No excuses.No reservations（保留）.No holding back.A story about the violinist Fritz Kreisler tells how he once 41 a beautiful instrument he wanted to acquire.Whenhe 42raised the money for the violin,he returned to buy it and learned that it had already been sold to a（n）43.He went to the new owners home in order to try to persuade him to sell the violin.44,the collector said it was oneof his prized possessions and he could not let it go.Kreisler felt 45 and turned to leave,but then asked a favor,May Iplay the instrument once more 46 it is put away?”47 was given and the great musician began to play.The violin sang out a quality of music which was sobeautiful that the collector himself could only listen in 48.I have no 49 to keep that to myself”he said after themusician finished.The violin is yours,Mr.Kreisler.Take it into world,and let people hear it.”You and I are excellent violins-our music is meant to be heard.I want to live my 50 that way-to take it into the world and live it fully.Td rather bum out than rust out.Td ratherbe 51 than die not having done whatever I could.Im not talking about 52 ourselves by doing too much.Happiness is never found in overmuch busyness.But it isfound in investing our lives in others.Say yes when asked for a hand.53 to work for a worthwhile organization.Spendan hour with a 54 relative.In the end,I know that my happiness is not about by my ability or my inability.It is about how much I 55 toothers.41.A.found outB.came acrossC.came toD.picked out42.A.slowlyB.actuallyC.eventuallyD.regularly43.A.musicianB.performerC.playerD.collector44.A.ThereforeB.BesidesC.HoweverD.Otherwise45.A.disappointedB.angryC.helplessD.desperate46.A.unlessB.afterC.untilD.before47.A.JudgmentB.PermissionC.AwardD.Appreciation48.A.amazementB.agreementC.puzzlementD.embarrassment49.A.freedomB.rightC.int
