Unit 5 Reading学案牛津译林版八年级上册英语.doc

8AU5 Reading【知识梳理】【知识梳理1】Betty is one of my best friends.(P8)贝蒂是我最好的朋友之一。one of意为“之一”，常用结构为“one of +(the+形容词最高级+) 可数名词复数”，也可以接某些代词的宾格，该结构作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。例1：Its one of my favourite movies. 这是我特别喜欢的电影之一。例2：Only one of the answers is correct. 这些答案中只有一个是正确的。拓展类似one of结构的有：two/ three/ some/ few/many of 后面接可数名词复数或代词宾格，意为“中的两个/三个/一些/很少/许多”，这些结构作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。例：It builds up trust between the two of you. 它建立了你们两人之间的信任。巩固练习(1)英语是最重要的外语之一。 (2)我认为中文是世界上最伟大的语言之一。 (3)露西是我最喜欢的老师之一。 答案：(1)English is one of the most important foreign languages.(2)I believe that Chinese is one of the greatest languages in the world. (3)Lucy is one of my favourite teachers.经典例题(1)Maths is one of Peters _ subjects.A.Worse B. the worse C. worst D. the worst(2)Beijing is one of _ in China.A. large cityB. largest cityC. the largest citiesD. the larger cities(3)Do you know Shanghai is one of _ in the world? Yes, its bigger than _ city in Jiangsu.A. the biggest city; any B. the biggest cities; anyC. the biggest cities; any otherD. the bigger city; any(4)We all know that Hangzhou is one of_in the world.A. the more beautiful cities B. the most beautiful city C. the most beautiful cities D. the more beautiful city(5)The Voice of China became one of _ TV _ last year.A. the most popular, shows B. more popular, show C. much popular, show D. the popularest, shows答案：CCBCA 【知识梳理2】Betty is generous.(P8)Betty很大方。generous，形容词，意为“慷慨的，大方的”，在句子中可以作定语也可以作表语。例1：He was a warm, generous and kind-hearted man. 他是个热情、大方又热心肠的人。例2：Perhaps parents in Britain are too generous. :也许英国的父母太慷慨了。经典例题(1)Whats your best friend like? _A. He is fine. Thank you. B. He is a doctor.C. He likes watching TV. D. He is helpful and generous. (2)Kate is very _and she is always willing to share her things with others.A. hard-working B. good-looking C. polite D. generous(3)Daniel is _ to buy gifts _ all of us.A. generous enough; to B. enough generous; forC. enough generous; to D. generous enough; for(4)Simon is _. Hes always willing to share his nice food with us at the party.A. hard-working B. generousC. handsomeD. boring(5)My mother is very _ .I seldom see her get angry.A. brave B. generous C. polite D. patient答案：DDDBD 【知识梳理3】She is willing to share things with her friends.(P8)她乐意和朋友们分享东西。willing, 形容词，意为“乐意的，愿意的”。be willing to do sth. 意为“愿意做某事”，其同义短语为be ready to do sth.例1：Some couples are willing to give birth to a second child. :有些夫妇愿意生二胎。巩固练习(1)Daniel 和 Simon 乐意和朋友分享东西。(2)我必须确保每个人都愿意参加这项活动.(3)在公交车上，Millie乐意给有需要的人让座。(4)吴老师愿随时回答你的问题。(5)好朋友要愿意和你分享快乐。(6)你愿意和谁一起分享这些饼干?(7)我班里的每一个人都愿意和她做朋友。答案：(1)Daniel and Simon are willing to share things with their friends.(2)I must make sure that everyone is willing to take part in the activity.(3)Millie is willing to give the seat to the people in need on the bus.(4)Mr Wu is willing to answer your questions any time.(5)Good friend should be willing to share their joy with you.(6)Who are you willing to share these cookies/biscuits with?(7)Everyone in my class is willing to make friends with her. 经典例题(1)Are you willing _ give seats _ the old man on the bus?A. for; of B. to; for C. to; to D. with; to(2)_ you _ to share your toys with friends?A. Are; willing B. Do; willing C. Are; will D. Do; will答案：CA【知识梳理4】She helps me with my homework and she always gives her seat on the bus to someone in need.(P8)她帮助我做家庭作业，而且总是将公交车上的座位让给有需要的人。in need，介词短语，意为“有需求的:处于需要状态中的”，常作后置定语，位于被修饰的名词之后。例：A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。拓展若表示“急/很需要”，常用in great need；表示“某人或某地急需某物”要借用of构成固定结构“sb./sp.+ be +in great need of sth.”例：Our school is in great need of English teachers. 我们学校非常需要英语老师。巩固练习(1)我们需要每门功课每月进行一次测试。(2)在我的假期中，我想要做志愿者去帮助有需要的人。(3)他随时愿意去帮助有需要的人。(4)我们需要的是家长的关心和老师的帮助。答案：(1)We need to have a monthly test on each subject .(2)During my holidays, I want to be a volunteer to help others in need.(3)He is willing to help people in need any time.(4)What we need is parents care and teachers help. 经典例题(1)Do you have any plans for this summer vacation?Im not sure. I_take a trip to Taiwan.A. may B. need C. must D. should(2)My best friend often shares things_me and helps people_need.A. with, in B. in, in C. with, with D. in, with答案：AA【知识梳理5】Betty has a good voice.(P8)贝蒂有副好嗓子。voice，名词，意为“嗓音”，一般指人的声音。例：His voice dropped to a whisper. 他的声音已放低到轻声细语了。辨析sound/noise/voice(1)sound指可以听到的任何声音。例：I can hear the sound of running water. 我能听到流水的声音。(2)noise指太响的“嘈杂声、喧闹声”。例：They were making too much noise. 他们的噪声太大了。(3)voice指“说话声，唱歌声”的嗓音。例：Her voice was full of anxiety. 她的声音饱含焦虑。经典例题(1)Its polite to keep your_down in the library.A. noise B. shout C. voice D. sound(2)Finally, he won the Award for the Best Singer because of his nice _.A. sound B. noise C. voice D. shout(3)Whos calling, Lucy?There comes my mums_on the phone.A. noiseB. soundC. shoutD. voice (4)The parrot is very cleaver. It can make beautiful _.A. sound B. shout C. noise D. voice(5)When I am in a car, I like opening the windows to enjoy the _ of the world.Avoice Bnoise Cmusic Dsound答案：CCDAD【知识梳理6】She wants to be a singer when she grows up.(P8)她长大后想当一名歌手。grow up，意为“长大，成长”。例：Kids need time to grow up. 孩子长大需要时间。巩固练习(1)李雷长大后想去环游世界。(2)Tom长大后想当一名社会工作者，因为他想要帮助更多的人。(3)王梅知大后想当一名老师，因为她喜欢和孩子在一起工作。(4)为了健康长大，我们应该在我们的日常生活中健康饮食，定期锻炼。答案：(1)Li Lei wants to travel around the world when he grows up.(2)Tom wants to be a social worker when he grows up, because he would like to help more people.(3)Wang Mei wants to be a teacher when she grows up because she likes working with children.(4)To grow up healthily, we should have a healthy diet and exercise regularly in our daily life. 【知识梳理7】This means “hope” . mean (vt.) 意思是， 意味着 meaning (n.) 意思，意义备注：“What doesmean?"意为.是什么意思?”与“Whats the meaning of.?."同义。例：这个单词是什么意思 拓meaningful (adj.) 意味深长的，有意义的meaningless (adj.) 无意义的【知识梳理8】When XiWang was born, she weighed just 100grams and looked like a white mouse. Born的用法表示"出生"要用be born，并且动词be通常只用was 或were 。be born后可跟形容词、名词或不同的介词，表达意思也不同。一、 be born + 形容词（名词）。She was born happy. 她生来就很幸福。He was born French. 他生为法国人。二、 born + in, on等，表示"出生的时间，地点"。Tom was born in Hebei Province on February 12，1999 1999年2月12日汤姆生于河北省。Karl Marx was born on May 5，in Trier 卡尔马克思5月5日生于特里尔。Li Ping was born in 1988. 李平生于一九八八年。三、 be born + of+（名词），表示"从.产生"。This invention was born of need. 这项发明是因需要而产生的。四、 be born + in, into或to，表示"降生到某家庭"。He was born in a workers family. 他出生在一个工人家庭。In 1867 Madam Curie was born into a teachers family. 1867年居里夫人出生在一个教师家庭。五、 be born + with， 表示"天赋；命运"。He was born with a good memory. 他生来记性就好。六、 be born+ to do, 表示"生而为.；生来就是"。She was born to succeed in life. 她生来注定会成功。例：我2000年出生在江苏省： 他降生于一个教师家庭： 【知识梳理9】.she was not a small baby any more. . 位置：not常与连系动词be、情态动词或助动词连用，any more常位于句末。例句：You cant eat beef any more. =You can eat beef no more. 辨析:not any more与notany longernot any more相当于no more,主要用来表示数量和程度上的“不再”。notany longer相当于no longer,主要用来表示时间或距离上的“不再”。注意：no more和no longer般放在行为动词之前,be动词情态动词之后或直接放在句末。You cant drink any more. =You can drink no more.=You can no more drink. I cant wait any longer.=I can wait no longer.=I can no longer wait. 例：我不能再吃了(3种) 【知识梳理10】In the beginning, Xi Wang drank her mothers milk.in the beginning =at first 一开始In the end=at last=finally 最后例句: She didnt read the instructions in the beginning. 【知识梳理11】When she was 20 months old, she learnt to look after herself. learn to do sth. “学习/ 会做某事”， learn为及物动词，过去式为learned或learnt。I want to learn to play basketball.例：Jim的姐姐昨天学会了游泳： 【知识梳理12】Sadly, giant pandas face serious problems in the wild. （1）sadly (adv.) 令人遗憾地，不幸地，伤心地sad (adj.) 难过的 (sad -sadder saddest)sadness (n.) 悲哀，忧伤（2）face此处用作及 物动词，意为“面临;面对”。例：You had better face your problem. 你最好直面你的问题。例：a square face一张方脸拓你最好做某事：you have better do sthface to face面对面 make faces做鬼脸 lose face丢脸 （3）serious ( more serious，most serious ) 形容词，意为“严重的”。serious (adj.) 严重的，严肃的，认真的 (serious - more serious - most serious) seriously (adv.) 严重地，严肃地，认真地be serious about. look serious nothing serious例：Smoking can _ harm your health. (serious)例：一个严重的事故： 【知识梳理13】For example, it is very difficult for pandas to have babies.Its+adj.+for sb./sth.+to dosth.表示 “做某事对某人/某物来说.的”。形容词是用来描述事物特征的，如important(重要的)，necessary(必要的)，easy(容易的)，difficult(困难的)等。例：It is important for us to learn English well.=To learn English well is important for us.辨析“It is+adj.+of sb.+to do sth."表示“某人做某.此处的形容词是用来描述人的性格、品质的，如:polite (有礼貌的)， kind (和蔼的)，friendly (友好的)等。该句型可改为Sb.is/are+adj.+to do sth."Its kind of you to help me.=Youre kind to help me. 练习：1. It was stupid _ me to talk in that way to my mother.2. It is very important _ us to master English.3. It was impossible _the little boy to carry such a heavy box.4. It is smart _ them to make good use of the Internet.5.It is importation （of/for）us to read the instructions before using the machine.6.It is helpful （of/for）him to help other without any money.【知识梳理14】Also, giant pandas live mainly on a special kind of bamboo.另外，大熊猫主要以食用一种特殊种类的竹子为生。(1)live on 意为“以食.为生”例：Tigers live on meat.(2)mainly (adv.) 主要地， 大部分地main (adj.) 主要的，最重要的这次会议的主要目的是让大家明白食物的重要性： 【知识梳理15】As a result, pandas may not have a place to live or food to eat. (1 )as a result 意为“因此;结果”,as a result of.意为“因为，由于”As a result, he became more popular. As a result of his height, he cant take part in the match. (2) 动词不定式作定语句中的 to live和to eat是动 词不定式作定语，修饰前面的名词。动词不定式作定语时常放于所修饰的词之后，作后置定语，I have a lot of homework to do tonight. Please give me something to eat. I have no paper to write on. 注意：英语中，动词不定式用作定语来修饰名词，如果动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词，则需要根据实际情况添上介词。【知识梳理16】Giant pandas are now in danger. danger (n.) 危险be in danger 处境危险dangerous (adj.) 危险的 Be out of danger 脱离危险例：危险的任务： 陷入麻烦中： 【知识梳理17】We should take action right away. (1) action名词，意为”行动:行为”。take action 意为“采取行动”. take action to do sth 为“采取行动”行动做某事”。例：You must take action to improve your study. act (vi. & vt.) 行动；表演 act - actor男演员 - actress 女演员action(n.) 行动；行为 active (adj.) 积极的，活跃的；主动的 activity (n.) 活动 (pl.) activities(2 )right away 意为“立刻，马上”，相当于at once 或right now。例：请立刻采取行动帮助女演员脱离危险： 【知识梳理18】If we do nothing, soon there may be none left!none代词，意为“没有一个(人或物)”，常指三个或三个以上的人或物中一个也没有，也可以用于指物品一点儿也没有。例：There are five girls in the room, but I know none. 辨析none，no one与nobodynone既可指人也可指物，常与of连用。none of后接复数概念的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词用单、复数形式均可; none of后接不可数概念的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例：None of us know(s) how to speak the language.例：None of the furniture in the room is new. no one= nobody,只能指人，作主语时谓语动词只能用单数形式。No one/ Nobody likes too much homework. none指的是数量上“一个也没有”，可用来回答how many或how much引导的特殊疑问句;而no one和nobody指的是“没有人”，用于回答who引导的特殊疑问句。How many students attended yesterdays meeting? None.。Who is in the classroom?No one/ Nobody. 【知识梳理19】However, we do believe that where there is Xi Wang, there is hope.句中的do是助动词，后接动词原形，用来加强语气。I did make some paper flowers by myself. 强调句 【知识梳理20】however 与but区别： but之后一般不得使用逗号，而however则必须用逗号与句子其它部分分开。 释义指代人/物与疑问词连用其它用法nothing没什么；没什么东西指物用于回答what引导的问句。-Whats in the bag?-Nothing.1、不与of连用；2、作主语时谓语动词用单数。nobody/no one没有人；无人指人用于回答who引导的问句。-Whos in the classroom?-No one./Nobody.1、不与of连用；2、作主语时谓语动词用单数。none一个也没有；毫无指人；指物。用于回答How many/How much引导的问句。-How many students are there in the classroom?-None.1、可与of连用；2、作主语时谓语动词用单复数均可；3、用于指代前文中出现过的名词；4、表示“三者或三者以上”的全部否定。表示“两者”全部否定用neither。【课堂练习】1、 词汇运用。1He had to_（面对）so much trouble.2These students are_（主要地）from the countryside.3 What does this word _(意思)?4.At the _ of the 21th century, many people lined using mobile phones. (begin)5. The _ (weigh) of the panda is about 10 kilograms.6. I hear many animals lose their_ (life) because people eat them.7. If we _ (take) good care of the young trees, they will grow up quickly.8 (sad ), we failed the final exam.9. The panda (call) Linlin has come back from the USA to her hometown.2、 选择题。( ) 1 At forty years old, she went to America _ the first time. A. in B. at C. for D. to( )2. It snowed heavily last night. Is everyone in our class here today? Yes, and _ of us was late for school this morning.A. none B. neitherC. all D. either( )3 一May I _ the magazine for a week? 一 Of course you can.A. borrow B. leave C. get D. keep( ) 4 When I met Daniel at the station _ the first time, he was in the waiting hall _. A. for; alone B. at; alone C. for; himself D. at; by himself( )5 If we dont do _, soon giant pandas will die. A. nothing B. everything C. something D. anything( ) 6.Teenagers should learn to _wild animals from all kinds of danger. A. protect B. help C. face D. cut( )7.When do you think well leave tomorrow? Youd better