2022年高考英语真题试卷(全国乙卷-含解析.docx

2022年高考英语真题试卷（全国乙卷）一、阅读理解 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）（2022·全国乙卷）阅读理解Henry Raeburn（1756-1823）The ExhibitionThis exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.Lecture SeriesScottish National Portrait（肖像画）Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.An Introduction to RaeburnSunday 26 Oct., 15.00DUNCAN THOMSONRaeburn's English ContemporariesThursday 30 Oct., 13.10JUDY EGERTONCharacters and Characterisation in Raeburn's PortraitsThursday 6 Nov., 13.10NICHOLAS PHILLIPSONRaeburn and Artist's Training in the 18th CenturyThursday 13 Nov., 13.10MARTIN POSTLEExhibition TimesMonday-Saturday 10.0017.45 Sunday 12.0017.45Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission.Closed: 2426 December and 1 January.Admission£4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.Schools and CollegesA special low entrance charge of £2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.1What is the right time for attending Raeburn's English Contemporaries? ASun. 26 Oct.BThurs. 30 Oct.CThurs. 6 Nov.DThurs. 13 Nov.2How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission? A£4.B£8.C£12.D£16.3How can full-time students get group discounts? AThey should go on Sunday mornings.BThey should come from art schools.CThey must be led by teachers.DThey must have ID cards with them.（2022·全国乙卷）阅读理解的In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwoodtraveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted:The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff's granddaughter. Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken. They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice. In Wickenden's book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed（牵涉）drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn. Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism（坚忍）of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: "When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter."4Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains? ATo teach in a school.BTo study American history.CTo write a book.DTo do sightseeing.5What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3? AThey enjoyed much respect.BThey had a room with a bathtub.CThey lived with the local kids.DThey suffered severe hardships.6Which part of Wickenden's writing is hair-raising? AThe extreme climate of Auburn.BThe living conditions in Elkhead.CThe railroad building in the Rockies.DThe natural beauty of the West.7What is the text? AA news report.BA book review.CA children's story.DA diary entry.（2022·全国乙卷）阅读理解Can a small group of drones（无人机）guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today's "eyes in the sky" technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure（基础设施）worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient（高效）across the board.That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts.By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.8What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible? AThe use of drones in checking on power lines.BDrones' ability to work at high altitudes.CThe reduction of cost in designing drones.DDrones' reliable performance in remote areas.9What does "maintenance" underlined in paragraph 3 refer to? APersonnel safety.BAssistance from drones.CInspection and repair.DConstruction of infrastructure.10What function is expected of the rail drones? ATo provide early warning.BTo make trains run automatically.CTo earn profits for the crews.DTo accelerate transportation.11Which is the most suitable title for the text? AWhat Faults Can Be Detected with DronesBHow Production of Drones Can Be ExpandedCWhat Difficulty Drone Development Will FaceDHow Drones Will Change the Future of Railways（2022·全国乙卷）阅读理解The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown. First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖）. It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease. Initially the sugar tax was expected to make £520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate £240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports. It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制造商）so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content. However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year. Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part. 12Why was the sugar tax introduced? ATo collect money for schools.BTo improve the quality of drinks.CTo protect children's health.DTo encourage research in education.13How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax? AThey turned to overseas markets.BThey raised the prices of their products.CThey cut down on their production.DThey reduced their products' sugar content.14From which of the following is the sugar tax collected? AMost alcoholic drinks.BMilk-based drinks.CFruit juices.DClassic Coke.15What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy? AIt is a short-sighted decision.BIt is a success story.CIt benefits manufacturers.DIt upsets customers.二、阅读理解 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）（2022·全国乙卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain（保持）long-distance friendships. Set a regular dateLong-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact（联系）and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. 16 More isn't always merrierMake sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 17 . There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat. Practise empathy（共情）18 . The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned. 19 Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends' birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you. Don't rely on technology alone20 , but long-distance friendships - even close ones - may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.A. Remember important datesB. Compensate by writing lettersC. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeperD. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to itE. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communicationF. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social mediaG. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind三、语言知识运用 第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）（2022·全国乙卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there's something highly exciting about 21 someone else's glance and making oneself unable to be seen. However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 22 at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 23 .For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 24 as evidence that children are hopelessly "egocentric"（自我中心的）creatures. But our 25 research results in child developmental psychology 26 that idea. We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 27 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 28 . We then asked the child if she could 29 or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn't. The same 30 happened when the adult covered her own mouth: 31 children said that they couldn't 32 to her. A number of 33 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects 34 the questions and knew 35 what was asked of them. Their 36 to the questions reflected their true 37 that "I can see you only if you can see me, too." They simply 38 mutual（相互的）recognition and regard. Our 39 suggest when a child "hides" by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method 40 when others use it. 21AfollowingBtakingCescapingDdirecting22AcleverBbadCscaredDquick23AexposedBexaminedCuntouchedDimbalanced24AsupportedBguaranteedCimaginedDinterpreted25AdisappointingBmixedCsurprisingDdesired26AexplainedBconfirmedCcontradictedDtested27AparentBchildCresearcherDdoctor28AfeetBnoseChandsDears29AseeBhelpCreachDfool30AeventBthingCactionDaccident31AYetBNowCSoonDOnce32AspeakBlistenCtumDwave33AinstructionsBdescriptionsCexperimentsDassumptions34AcomprehendedBpredictedCexploredDignored35ApartlyBhonestlyCvaguelyDexactly36AresponsesBapproachesCcontributionDsensitivity37AabilityBbeliefCidentityDpurpose38Ahold backBrelate toCinsist onDmake up39AlimitationsBrequirementsCtheoriesDfindings40AtentativeBimpressiveCcreativeDeffective四、语言知识运用 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）（2022·全国乙卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially 41 the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate 42 festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 43 （address）the opening ceremony. "As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the 44 （large）tea-producing country, China has a 45 （responsible）to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a 46 （share）future for mankind," he