2022年高考英语真题试卷(全国乙卷)-含解析.docx

2022年高考英语真题试卷（全国乙卷）一、阅读理解 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）（2022·全国乙卷）阅读理解Henry Raeburn（1756-1823）The ExhibitionThis exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.Lecture SeriesScottish National Portrait（肖像画）Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.An Introduction to RaeburnSunday 26 Oct., 15.00DUNCAN THOMSONRaeburn's English ContemporariesThursday 30 Oct., 13.10JUDY EGERTONCharacters and Characterisation in Raeburn's PortraitsThursday 6 Nov., 13.10NICHOLAS PHILLIPSONRaeburn and Artist's Training in the 18th CenturyThursday 13 Nov., 13.10MARTIN POSTLEExhibition TimesMonday-Saturday 10.0017.45 Sunday 12.0017.45Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission.Closed: 2426 December and 1 January.Admission£4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.Schools and CollegesA special low entrance charge of £2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.1What is the right time for attending Raeburn's English Contemporaries? ASun. 26 Oct.BThurs. 30 Oct.CThurs. 6 Nov.DThurs. 13 Nov.2How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission? A£4.B£8.C£12.D£16.3How can full-time students get group discounts? AThey should go on Sunday mornings.BThey should come from art schools.CThey must be led by teachers.DThey must have ID cards with them.【答案】1B2B3C【知识点】细节理解题；数字计算题；时文广告类【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了为纪念苏格兰最受欢迎的画家 Henry Raeburn 而举行的展览的相关情况。【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、数字计算题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。1考查细节理解。根据Raeburn's English Contemporaries一栏中的“Thursday 30 Oct. ”10月30日星期四”可知，在10月30日星期四可以去参加Raeburn's English Contemporaries。故选B。2考查数字计算。根据Admission部分中的“£4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.”4英镑。12岁以下儿童在一位成人陪同下免费入场。可知，一对夫妇应付£4x2=£8，两个12岁以下的儿童在成人陪同下免费，即入场费为8英镑。故选B。3考查细节理解。根据 Schools and Colleges 部分中的“A special low entrance charge of £2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.”所有全日制教育的学生，高至并包括那些学士学位水平的学生，在有教师的组织团体中，均可享受每人2英镑的特别低入场费。可知，全日制学生在有教师的组织团体中，可以获得折扣，即他们必须由教师带领。故选C。（2022·全国乙卷）阅读理解的In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwoodtraveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted:The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff's granddaughter. Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken. They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice. In Wickenden's book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed（牵涉）drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn. Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism（坚忍）of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: "When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter."4Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains? ATo teach in a school.BTo study American history.CTo write a book.DTo do sightseeing.5What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3? AThey enjoyed much respect.BThey had a room with a bathtub.CThey lived with the local kids.DThey suffered severe hardships.6Which part of Wickenden's writing is hair-raising? AThe extreme climate of Auburn.BThe living conditions in Elkhead.CThe railroad building in the Rockies.DThe natural beauty of the West.7What is the text? AA news report.BA book review.CA children's story.DA diary entry.【答案】4A5D6C7B【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；时文广告类【解析】【分析】本文是一篇书评，介绍了Dorothy Wickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇书评，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y.-Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood -traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. ”1916年，来自Auburn, N.Y.的两个富裕家庭的女孩Dorothy Woodruff和Rosamond Underwood来到落基山脉的一个定居点，在一间只有一个房间的学校教书。可知，Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脉是为了去学校里教书。故选A。5考查推理判断。根据第三段“They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.”他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪；以及“In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.”在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上。可知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。故选D。6考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms.”令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关，这涉及到在令人眩目的暴风雪中钻穿落基山脉。可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故选C。7考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.”这本书以Rosamond和Dorothy回到Auburn结束；以及最后一段中的“Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writing.”Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。可知，本文介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以说文本是一篇书评。故选B。（2022·全国乙卷）阅读理解Can a small group of drones（无人机）guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today's "eyes in the sky" technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure（基础设施）worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient（高效）across the board.That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts.By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.8What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible? AThe use of drones in checking on power lines.BDrones' ability to work at high altitudes.CThe reduction of cost in designing drones.DDrones' reliable performance in remote areas.9What does "maintenance" underlined in paragraph 3 refer to? APersonnel safety.BAssistance from drones.CInspection and repair.DConstruction of infrastructure.10What function is expected of the rail drones? ATo provide early warning.BTo make trains run automatically.CTo earn profits for the crews.DTo accelerate transportation.11Which is the most suitable title for the text? AWhat Faults Can Be Detected with DronesBHow Production of Drones Can Be ExpandedCWhat Difficulty Drone Development Will FaceDHow Drones Will Change the Future of Railways【答案】8B9C10A11D【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；词义猜测题；科普环保类；说明文【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。8考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.”无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置。可推知，无人机在高空工作的能力使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能。故选B。9考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. ”据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施。可知花在检修上的费用是用于检查和维修铁路基础设施，可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全， maintenance 应是“检修”之意。故选C。10考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的 “Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.”带有先进传感器和人工智能的非常小的无人机可以像副驾驶一样在火车前面行驶。 凭借他们的预见能力，他们可以发出任何问题的信号，以便快速行驶的火车能够及时做出反应。可知对于无人机期待的功能是提前发现问题。故选A。11考查主旨大意。根据第一段“Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today's 'eyes in the sky' technology to making sure that the millions of kilometers of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a24/7 basis.”一小群无人机能否在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元?这很可能是应用今天的“空中之眼”技术的未来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行；第二段讲到了使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能；第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知本文介绍了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。”符合文章中心思想，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。（2022·全国乙卷）阅读理解The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown. First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖）. It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease. Initially the sugar tax was expected to make £520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate £240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports. It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制造商）so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content. However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year. Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part. 12Why was the sugar tax introduced? ATo collect money for schools.BTo improve the quality of drinks.CTo protect children's health.DTo encourage research in education.13How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax? AThey turned to overseas markets.BThey raised the prices of their products.CThey cut down on their production.DThey reduced their products' sugar content.14From which of the following is the sugar tax collected? AMost alcoholic drinks.BMilk-based drinks.CFruit juices.DClassic Coke.15What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy? AIt is a short-sighted decision.BIt is a success story.CIt benefits manufacturers.DIt upsets customers.【答案】12C13D14D15B【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；新闻报道类【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题，同时该收入用于学校体育。【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇新闻报道，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。12考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity .”该税于2016年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖超过5g的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖。可知，征收糖税的目的是帮助儿童减少肥胖，保护儿童健康。故选C。13考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“ It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制造商）so they can avoid paying the tax. ”此前，制造商已经降低了商店中销售的超过一半的软饮料的含糖量，以避免纳税，可知，一些饮料公司通过降低了产品的含糖量来避税。故选D。14考查细节理解。根据第五段“However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.”然而，一些高糖