【精品】名词的数和主谓一致.docx

名词的数和主谓一致真题回溯情境填空(真题选自7年21卷)在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式(2021 新高考全国卷 I -57)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at (he top will remind you how tiny we (human) are.1. (2021 全国甲卷49)Supposcdly you can do it in (wo hours, but we stopped at the different gates and (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people.2. (2021 全国乙卷i与Kornodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980. is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking(远足) and accommodations aim to.3. (2020新高考全国卷 I -41)Often, only a small part of a museum s collection (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.4. (2020全国卷 II -62)This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers (carry) special significance.5. (2() 19全国卷 1 70)0f the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three arc declining, six(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.6. (2018全国卷 I -67)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all (cause).7. (2017全国卷 I -62)This trend has had some unintended side (effect) such as overweight and heart disease.8. (2017全国卷 II -61 )It ran for just under seven kilometres and allowed people to avoid terrible (crowd) on the roads.9. (2017 全国卷0167»116 has turned down several(invitation) to star al shows in order toconcentrate on her studies.10. (2016全国卷 I -69)Thc nursery【eam switches him every few (day) with his sister.11. (2016 全国卷0166次。86 (study) show that wc arc far more productive at work if wc take short breaks regularly.12. (2016-|2ni-69)Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and (be) too violent for use at the table.13. (2015全国卷 I -65)1 (! skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese (painting).命题轨迹题号年份与试卷答案考点解题标志12021 .新高考全国卷Ihumans名词复数are22021 .全国甲卷watchtowers名词复数前后一致32021 全国乙卷activities名词复数谓语动词range42020新高考全国卷Iis主谓一致前后一致52020全国卷IIcarries主谓一致动名词作主语62019.全国卷Iare主谓一致six72018.全国卷Icauses名词复数all续表题号年份与试卷答案考点解题标志82017全国卷Ieffects名词复数some92017.全国卷IIcrowds名词复数泛指102017全国卷【IIinvitations名词复数severalII2016全国卷Idays名词复数few122016全国卷IIIstudies名词复数主调一致逆推13were主谓一致并列一致142015全国卷Ipaintings名词复数many命题热点1.单纯考查主谓一致不多，一般结雨碉藤考查。2.名词的复数考查多是规那么变化.一般可以|从上下文寻找到使用复数的标就。重难突破一、名词的复数年21卷10考） 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式的构成如下: 1.一般情况加£girlgirlsbookbooks2 .以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词加-es。class-classesboxboxesbenchbenchesbrush-brushes注意:slomachstomachs 例外。3 .以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词变-y为-i,再加“citycitiescountry-countries注意：以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词应直接加skeykeysboyboystoytoys表示姓氏和国家等的专有名词应直接加HenryHenrysGerman-Germans.以-。结尾的名词有些直接加-s.有些加-es.zoo一zoosradio-radioshero-heroes tomato-tomatoes4 .以-f或fe结尾的名词多数变-f或-fe为-v,再加-es。leaf-leavesknife-kniveswifewiveslifeliveshalf-halvesself-selveswolf-wolves shelf-shelves注意:也有一些以-f或-fe结尾的名词直接加0roof-roofsbelief-beliefsgulf-gulfschief-chiefs.某些名词具有特殊的复数形式。manmen womanwomenfootfeet toothteethmouse一mice goose一geeseox-oxen child-children5 .某些名词单复数形式相同。works（工厂）means（方法，手段）species（物种种类）series（系列）sheep（绵羊）deer（鹿）fish（鱼）Chinese（中国人）6 .某些名词通常只用复数形式。（1）由两个相同局部组成的表示整体名称的词。glasses（眼镜）trousers（裤子）shoes（鞋子） chopsticks（筷子）shorts（短裤）socks（短袜）stockings（长袜）scissors（剪刀）（2）以-ing结尾的名词。belongings（所有物）surroundings（环境）doings（行为）savings（储蓄）findings（调查结果）earnings（收入）（3）其他只用复数形式的名词。ashes（灰,灰烬）fireworks（烟火）remains（剩余）ihanks（感谢）congratulalions（祝贺）注意:有些以-S结尾的表示疾病、游戏名称的名词以及以-ics结尾的表示学科名称的名词通常用 作单数。measles（麻疹）mumps（腮腺炎）physics（物理）politics（政治）mathemalics（数学）gymnastics（体操）statistics（统计学）7 .某些名词单复数表示不同的意义。manner（方式）一manners（礼貌）good（好处）一goods（商品）wo（xl（木材）一woods（树林）work（工作）一works（工厂）time（时间）times（倍）chicken（鸡肉）一 chickens（小鸡）paper（纸）-papers（论文）.复合名词的复数形式（1）将主体名词变为复数。editor-in-chiefeditors-in-chief（主编）looker-on-Iookers-on（旁观者）son-in-lawsons-in-law（女婿）passer-bypassers-by（路人）如果没有主体名词.就在最后一个词上加复数词尾，如grown-upgrown-ups（成年人）。man和woman作定语表性别.构成合成名词.两个名词同时变为复数。man leacher（男老师）一men teacherswoman doctor（女医生）一women doctors（4） man和woman在复合名词的词尾，按不规那么变化变复数。Englishman（英国男人）一EnglishmenFrenchman（法国男人）一Frenchmenpol ice woman（女警察）一policewomen.某些表示总称意义的名词，单数形式表示复数内容，如people（人民，人们）,police（警察）， cattle（牛）,youth（牛年人）,crew（全体船员）。11 .某些集合名词.如family（家，一家人）,team（队全队成员）,group（组.全组成员）,crowd（群.一群 人）,class（班，全班人）,government（政府，政府官员）,committee（委员会,委员会全体委员）,enemy（敌 人，敌兵）,company（公司，公司全体职员）,club（俱乐部俱乐部全体成员）等作为 f 整体看待时是 单数,如果作为个体（成员）看待.那么表示复数意义。12 .有的原本不是名词的词或字母，假设要用复数，多在其后加-s或只加0He said a few yes. s and went away.他说了几声',是然后就走了。There are two ifns/ifs in the sentence.这个句子中有两个''如果二二、主谓一致（7年21卷4考）考京II并列主语的主谓一致.当两个或两个以上作主语的单数名词用and, both.and连接，并表示两个不同的概念时,谓语动 词用复数形式。但and连接的并列名词如果表示同一人、事或概念,且后面的名词前没有限定词 时,谓语动词用单数形式,如 the needle and thread, the fork and knife, iron and steel, mud and sand 等。 Both tea and coffee are my favourites.茶和咖啡我都特别喜欢。The writer and professor, who I often refer to at the meetings, h popular among those people.我在会上经常提到的作家兼教授很受这些人的欢迎。1 .由each, every, no修饰的名词作主语时.即使有and连接多个并列主语谓语动词仍用单数形式。 No sound and （no） voice has been heard for a long lime.很长时间没有声响了。Every boy and every girl is treated in the same way in our school.我们学校公平对待每个男孩和女 孩。2 .由 or. nor. either. or. neither. nor., not only. but also等连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复 数与它临近的主语保持一致.此语法现象也可称为“就近原那么工Either you or I am going to be in charge of this matter.不是你就是我要负责这件事。3 .在there be句型中.谓语动词的数遵循就近原那么。There an orange and tour bananas left.剩下了一个橙子和四根香蕉。考点目数词和量词作主语时的主谓一致I . “分数+of/百分数+o"thc rest of/plcnty of/thc majority of/lots of/a lot of/a quantity of+可数名词复 数或不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词的单复数一般取决于of后名词的数。但quantities of.作主语 时.谓语动词用复数。About one third of the books are worth reading.约三分之一的书值得读。A quantity of water is needed for cooling purpose.=Quantities of water are needed for cooling purpose.需要大量的水来到达冷却的目的。2. ua great deal of/a large amount of+不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。但large amounts of. 作主语时，谓语动词用复数。A large amount of grain has been eaten by birds.=Large amounts of grain have been eaten by birds.许多谷物被鸟吃了。3. “a number of/a variely of+可数名词复数''作主语时.谓语动词用复数Lihe number of/the variety of+可数名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。The number of the students in our class is 50, and a number of them arc from Hebei.我们班上有50人.其中有一些来自河北。A number of students hays gone for an outing.一些学生外出游玩了。4. 由kind, form, type. species, portion, series等修饰的主语，其谓语动词的单复数取决于这些词的 数，而不是它们后面所跟名词的数。Some new forms of art wgre discussed at the meeting.会上讨论了一些新的艺术形式。考点其他情况的主谓一致.当主语后带有 as well as, as much as, no less than, wilh, along with, together with, like, rather than, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等连接的成分时谓语动词的单复数取决于前面主语的 单复数。此语法现象也可称为“就远原那么二The house, including the garden and the yard, was sold.这幢宅子.包括它的花园和庭院.已售出。I think the boss, rather than the workers, was to blame for the loss.我认为是老板而不是员工应该为损失负责。1 .在“one of+可数名词复数+who/which/iha弓|导的定语从句中.定语从句的谓语动词用复数。如 果one前面有the only/very修饰.定语从句的谓语动词用单数。This is one.Qf the questions that hay been asked by the students.这是学生提出的其中问题。He is the only_Qng.Qf the officers who was invited to the ball.他是唯个被邀请参加舞会的官员。2 . “more than one/many a(n)+可数名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。More than one boy likes to play basketball while many a girl is good at playing baseball.不止一个男孩喜欢打篮球,而许多女孩擅长于打棒球。3 .在强调句型“It is/wasthat/who.”中,主句的谓语动词总是用单数。It is he who tells us the news.是他告诉了我们这个消息。4 .不定式、动词-ing形式或从句作主语时.谓语动词用单数。To obey the law is everyone Zs duty.遵守法律是每个人的义务。Eating too many sweets ruins your teeth.吃太多的糖果会毁掉你的牙齿。Why he did it was very clear.他做这件事的原因很明显。5 .由两局部构成一个整体的物体名词如shoes, trousers, pants, jeans, glasses等作主语时，谓语动词 用复数。但如果这类名词前用了 a pair of, a piece of, a kind of, a series of等来修饰谓语动词的单 复数与表示计量单位的名词一致。His trousers are too long to wear.他的裤子太长了，穿不了。This pair of glasses was found in the bag.这副眼镜在包里被找到了。