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    2021-2022学年下学期初中英语人教新版八年级同步经典题精练之现在完成时.docx

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    2021-2022学年下学期初中英语人教新版八年级同步经典题精练之现在完成时.docx

    2021-2022学年下学期初中英语人教新版八年级同步经典题精练之现在完成时一.选择题(共20小题)(2021 春铁岭月考)Have you finished your work, Jane? Yes, Eve done it.( )A. already;yetB. yet; alreadyC. yet; yetD. since; already(2017贵州)-Where is your father, Jenny?-He isn't at home, he to Shanghai on business.()A. has beenB. has goneC. wentD. will go(2016东营)Shanghai Disney Park will be opened on June 16,H. But the tickets for the first day have sold out.()A. everB. justC. neverD. already(2016资阳)-Look, the light is still on in Helen's office.-Maybe she her work yet.()A. doesn*t finishB. won*t finishC. hasnft finishedD. didn!t finish(2018天心区校级开学)-Have you watched NBA games?-Yes, I really enjoy them.()A. everB.stillC.yetD.never(2016淮安)Andy,with his parents, to Hong Kong,andthey will stay therefor aweek.()A. have goneB. has goneC.have been D. has been(2016永州)-you ever to the Great Wall?-Yes, three times.()A. Has, beenB. Have, beenC. Have, gone(2015沈阳)-Has Mary ever visited Tower Bridge?-Yes. She it two years ago.()A. visitsA. visitsB visited【考点】时态辨析.【分析】威廉莎士比亚已经去世了 400年,但他的作品今天仍旧有巨大的影响.【解答】通过时间状语”for 400 years”可知表达这种去世的状态已经持续400年了,时态 应为现在完成时,其构成为“has/have+过去分词”。A为一般过去时,B为过去进行时, die是终止性动词,不能与for/since短语连用,应用be dead表示状态,后面可以用for 接表示一段时间的词,主语为单数,用has。应选:Do【点评】此题考查词义的辨析能力,在熟悉词义的基础上结合语境,从而选出正确答案 17. (2016福州)-The boy misses his parents very much.-So he does. They the hometown for nearly two years.()A. have leftB. will leaveC have been away from【考点】现在完成时.【分析】-这个小男孩非常想念他的父母.-确实是这样.他们离开家快2年了.【解答】答案:C.根据for nearly two years可知,这是一个表示一段时间的时间状语,而leave是瞬间性动 词,不能持续一段时间,所以要用be away from,它后面可以跟表示一段时间的状语,结 合语境可知用现在完成时,现在完成时态的结构为have/has+动词的过去分词,主语是 They,所以助动词用have,应选C.【点评】此题主要考查现在完成时,用法:表示过去发生或完成的动作对现在造成的影 响或结果,还表示过去发生动作一直持续到现在.其结构是have/has+及物动词的过去分 词.此题注意短暂性动词和延续性动词区别.18. (2014临夏州)There great changes in such kind of PDAs (掌上电脑)in the last fewyears.()A. has beenB. have beenC. has hadD. have had【考点】现在完成时.【分析 1这种掌上电脑在过去的几年里有非常大的变化.【解答】根据in the last few year.在过去的几年里,即:从现在算起之前的几年.last之 前的,过去的.这个时间状语与现在完成时态连用;又因There be在现在完成时结构中,great changes是复数所以助动词要用have,系动词be的现在完成时形式是been.应选:Bo【点评】此题考查现在完成时.have been是动词be的现在完成时行式,当主语为第三人 称单数时,使用has been的形式.和不同的单词连用,表达不同的意思.19. (2013雅安)My sister has learnt English.()A. for twelve years agoB. since she was fourC. twelve years agoD. at the age of four【考点】状语从句.【分析】我姐姐自从四岁的时候就开始学英语.【解答】答案B for+段时间可以和现在完成时连用;段时间+ago要和一般过去时连用, since引导的时间状语从句常和现在完成时连用.at+点时间常和一般现在时连用.根据“has learnt English”可知后面需要用for或者since引导的时间状语,但是A项还有ago,就错 了.应选B.【点评】现在完成时和什么时间状语连用是有要求的,要结合具体的题意做出正确选择.20. Lucy Shanghai for a month.()A - has come toB. came toC. has been inD. has in【考点】现在完成时.【分析】露西去上海一个月了.【解答】答案:C.结合for a month可知动作发生在过去,持续了一段时间,故用现在 完成时have/has+过去分词,come是短暂性动词,不能一段时间连用,故用be in,故答 案是C.【点评】现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果或表示过去的动作或 状态持续到现在.它的构成是:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词.二.句型转换(共5小题)(2017 春武威期末)I bought the bike two days ago.(改为同义句)I have had the bike for two days.【考点】句型转换.【分析】我两天前买的这辆自行车.我买这辆自行车两天了.【解答】答案:have had根据所给的英语I bought the bike two days ago.时间状语是two days ago,是一个过去时的句子,用的是非延续性动词bought.同义句的句子是Ithe bike for two days.时间状语是for two days,是一个时间段.时态要用现在完成时,谓语动词 要用延续性动词,故用have had表示已经有了.故答案为have had.【点评】句型转换题,要求正确理解句意,分析句子成分,找出正确的疑问词.要注意 运用正确的时态和语序,有时还要添加助动词.21. We have lived in Beijing for two years.(改为同义句)We have lived in Beijing since two years ago .【考点】句型转换.【分析】我们住在北京两年了.我们自从两年前就住在北京了.【解答】答案:since two years ago.上文表达的我们住在北京两年了 .也就是自从两年 前就住在北京了.since two years ago.自从两年前,故答案是since two years ago.【点评】同义句转换主要是考查对句型的活用,同一个内容多种形式表达的能力.在做 题时要注意,应弄清楚所给句子的内容和句式结构,试题填空局部与原句的对应关系, 表达形式.根据所给空位,确定同义的句式和恰当的词语.对特殊结构的句型和习 惯表达要仔细斟酌.22. Fve already visited the Bird's Nest.(改为否认句)I haven't visited the Bird's Nest yet .【考点】句型转换.【分析】我已经参观过鸟巢了.我还没有参观过鸟巢.【解答】原句是现在完成时,改为否认句要在助动词have后面加not, already要改为yet. 故答案为 haven't visited; yet.【点评】句型转换题,要求正确理解句意,分析句子成分,找出正确的疑问词.要注意 运用正确的时态和语序,有时还要添加助动词.23. She has ever been to India.(改为一般疑问句)Has she ever been to India?【考点】句型转换.【分析】-她去过印度.-她去过印度吗?【解答】答案:Has; been.考查一般疑问句.原句是现在完成时态,含有助动词has, 变一般疑问句助动词has提前,过去分词been不变.答案是Has; been.【点评】一般疑问句变法,要考虑助动词、be动词、情态动词等的用法,还要考虑时态、 人称、固定用法.根据语境完成试题.24. Mrs. Green taught in the club five years ago.(用 since five years ago 改写句子)Mrs. Green has taught in the club since five years ago.【考点】句型转换.【分析】格林太太五年前在俱乐部任教.【解答】答案.has taught分析原句,意思是格林太太五年前在俱乐部任教.这是一个一 般过去口寸的句子,要求用since five years ago改写句子,故主句需要一个现在完成时,结 构是have/has+done,主语是三单,故答案是has taught.【点评】解答此类试题时,务必根据题目的要求,在准确理解句子意思的前提下,考虑 单词的适当形式,准确作答.考点卡片1 .程度副词【概念】程度副词,是对一个形容词或者副词在程度上加以限定或修饰的副词.常见的程度副词: much, little, very, rather, so, too, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely, almost, slightly, fairly, a lot/bit/little, far, by far, even, nearly, pretty, as, this/that(=so), fully, absolutely, barely, completely, hardly, just, only, really, scarcely. 【用法】(1) exactly程度副词主要用于修饰形容词和副词原级,有的还可修饰比拟级,如much, rather;修饰最高级,如 quite, much, almost.如:This is quite the most expensive radio here.这是这里最贵的收音机.说明:quite有时也修饰比拟级,但只用于quite better (身体康复)这一表达.(2)有的程度副词可修饰动词,如quite, rather, almost;但有的那么不能修饰动词.如fairly, pretty, very 等如:I quite agree with you.我完全同意你的意见.(不用 fairly, pretty, very)(3)个别的程度副词还可修饰名词,如quite和rather;如:It's quite a good idea. / Its a quite good idea.那可真是个好主意.注意:假设此结构中没有形容词,那么quite和rather那么只能放在冠词之前.如:It was quite a success.那事相当成功.【易混淆点】表示“非常”的程度副词辨析(1) very修饰原级形容词和副词以及完全形容词性化的现在分词或过去分词,如:tired, ashamed, exciting 等,注意:非形容词性化的分词不能用very修饰,可用much修饰.例:She is very pleased by his words. ( X )She is much pleased by his words. ( V )一些限度形容词不能用very修饰,可用quite , completely修饰.彳列: You are very wrong.(X)You are quite wrong. ( V )局部以a开头的形容词不能用very修饰,可用much修饰.例:She was very afraid of dogs. ( X )She was much afraid of dogs.( V )(2) much :修饰动词;修饰介词以及形容词和副词的比拟级;例:a) The girl is much like her mother. 这女孩非常像她妈妈.b) She is much younger than her husband. 她比她丈夫年轻多了.修饰局部以 a 开头的形容词,如:afraid, awake, alive, ashamed, alone, etc.(3) well作”很,非常,相当”讲,主要用来修饰动词、介词短语或用于固定搭配.例:a) She was well past thirty at that time. 她那时刚好过了 30 岁.b) His house is over there, well above the other houses. 他的房子在那边,就在其他 房子的上方.c) I don*t know him well.我不是特别了解他.d) The book is well worth reading. 这本书非常值得读.(4) quite修饰表示绝对意义的形容词或副词,如:sure, certain, possible, impossible, right, wrong, perfect, dead, ready 等. 例:I'm quite sure the dog is quite dead.我非常确信狗确实是死了.修饰动词或名词.例:a) She quite likes the bike, but she is not quite ready to buy it. 她非常喜欢自行车,但 是她不是特别想买它.b) I had quite a time at your party that evening.那晚我在你的聚会上呆了相当长的口寸间.可修饰good, well, old, young等个别形容词的比拟级.例:c) She's feeling quite better today. 她今天感觉好多 了 .d) She looks quite older than before.她看上去比以前老多了.(5) badly表示程度时含有迫切之意,常修饰want, need等动词或表示不良情况的短语例:a) They are badly in need of teachers. 他们急需老师.b) She wants to go abroad badly. 她非常想出国.c) He was badly wounded. 他受伤很重.(6) enough意为“足够地、非常、很”,修饰形容词,副词,动词,但须放在这些词的后面.例:a) The meat is not done enough. 肉不是十分熟.b) The boy ran fast enough to catch up with the dog.那男孩跑得非常快,能够跟上那 只狗.(7) fast/sound/wide/widely这些词用作程度副词,主要用在一些固定搭配中.例:a) The baby was fast (sound) asleep.那孩子很快就睡着了/睡得很香.b) She was wide awake at that time.她在那时非常清醒.c) These books are widely different. 这些书非常与众不同.d) Opinions vary widely on this subject. 就这一主题各方观点差异很大.(8) nice (good, fine) and + 形容词(副词)例:a) He was good and tired after work. 他工作后非常累.b) The flowers look good and beautiful. 花非常漂亮.2.副词的词义辨析【常见副词词义辨析】1. how often, how long, how far, how soon(1) how often有“多久一次”的意思,是就做某事的频率提问.常用“Twice a year. ",“Three times a week .”等回答.如:-How often do you watch TV ?你多久看一次电视?-Three times a week.每周三次.(2)howlong表示”时间多久或物体多长”,表示时间侧重指”一段时间“.针对"how long” 的回答一般是时间段,如"for three days”, nthree years1,.如:-How long did he stay here ?他在这儿待了多久?-About two weeks.大约两个星期.(3) how soon表示“多久之后”,主要用来对表示将来的一段时间提问.how soon的回答一 般是:in+时间段.如:- How soon will he be back?他要多久才回来?-In an hour.一小时以后.(4) how far是提问”路程有多远”,询问距离.如:How far is it from his house?距离他家有多远?2. too, enough, so同作副词,差异大too作副词,用在“tooto”结构中,tooto结构中的动词不定式局部为否认意义,意为“太而不能二如:He is too young to go to school.他年龄太小了不能上学.(1) enough用作副词时,意为“足够“,”形容词或副词原级+enough to”结构意为“足以能够”, 是肯定意义.如:He is old enough to go to school.他到了上学的年龄了.(2) so意为“如此",用于,sothat(如此以至于)",so后接形容词或副词,that后面加从句.如:He is so old that he cant go on working.他年龄太大,不能继续工作了.3. already, still, yet 用法巧辨析already通常用于完成时的肯定句中,表示“已经”.如:I have already seen the film.我已经看过这部电影了.(1) yet用来谈论某事是否已经发生,多用于疑问句和否认句中.在疑问句中,意为“已经”, 在否认句中意为“还,尚“,通常放在句末;not yet可用于简略回答,意为”还没有二如:He hasn't finished reading the book yet.他还没有读完这本书.-Have you finished your homework?你完成家庭作业了吗?-No, not yet.不,还没有.(2) still意为“仍然,还”,强调过去发生的事情及存在的状况目前还在延续.在现在进行 时中,still只表示动作正在持续.如:He's still living with his mother.他仍与母亲住在一起.4. either, also, too 用法”也“不同also用于肯定句,常用在实义动词前be动词后.如:He also attended the meeting yesterday.昨天他也参加了会议.He is also a scientist.他也是科学家.(1) too用于肯定句,在句末,too前须有逗号.如:He can swim, too.他也会游泳.(2) either用于否认句,通常放在句末,之前需加逗号.如:He didn't attend the meeting, either.他也没去参加会议.5. ago, before”以前”差异大(1 )ago表示”从现在起假设干时间以前”,常与动词一般过去式连用,而且ago只能作副词.如:He left Shanghai three days ago.他三天前离开了上海.(2) before表示“从过去某时起假设干时间以前二常与过去完成式连用.before既可作副词又 可作介词和连词.如:I had finished the work two days before.两天前我已完成了工作,(副词)I visited him two days ago, but he had gone to Paris five days before.我于两天前去访问他,可是他已于那日5天前赴巴黎去了.(副词)much too, too much词序颠倒,意不同(1) too much可以用作副词,也可以形容词,意为”太多、过于”.用作副词时,在句中作状语.如:Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.看电视太久,对你的眼睛不好.His father was too much surprised to see him here.他的爸爸看到他在这儿非常吃惊.too much用作形容词时,常用来修饰不可数名词.如:He drank too much beer last night.他昨晚酒喝得太多.Please don't waste too much money.请不要浪费太多的钱.too much用作名词时,在句中作主语、宾语或表语.如:Too much was happening all at once.同时发生的事太多了.Mike, you have eaten too much. You cant eat any more.迈克,你吃得太多了,你不能再吃了.It's too much for me.这个我干不了.(2) much to。用作副词时,通常用来修饰形容词或副词,意为”极其、非常、实在太、如:This problem is much too difficult for me to work out.这个问题非常难,我算不出来.This shirt is much too expensive for him.这件衬衫对他来说,实在太贵了.6. hard与hardly没有共同语言(1)当hard用作副词时,意为”努力地、困难地、猛烈地”等.如:Does Tom work hard at his lessons?汤姆学习努力吗?C. has visitedD. was visiting(2014达州)-Have you ever an amusement park?-Yes, I have. I Fun Times Amusement Park last year.()A.been to,have gone toB.gone to,havebeen toC.go to, went toD.been to,wentto(2016武威)The movie for about 5 minutes, so let's see the next one.()A.has beenonB.has startedC startedD.began11 .(2016攀枝花)He speaks English very well because he in the US for 20 years.()A. livesB. livedC. has livedD. had lived(2016林B州) Yangjiang, a famous female writer, for about a month so far.()A. diedB. has been deadC. has been died(2016南充)-How long your brother this camera?-For two weeks.()A. have, boughtB. have, hadC. has, hadD. has, bought(2016泸州)-Jenny, when did you move here?-I here for three years.A. livedB. movedC. have moved D. have lived(2016泰州)-Mom, I want to watch The legend of Miyue (芈月传)on China 8 tonight.-Oh, dear, it for a few minutes. Come on!()A. has begunB. will beginC. has been onD. will be on(2016青岛)William Shakespeare for 400 years, but his works still have greatinfluence today.()A. diedB. was dyingC. has diedC. has diedD. has been deadIt' s raining hard outside now. Don't go out.现在外面正下着大雨,不要出去.(2) hardly并不是hard加上后缀所构成的副词,hardly只能用作副词,意为“几乎没有、几 乎不”.如:I can hardly see anything on the blackboard.我几乎看不见黑板上的任何东西.My father hardly ever watches TV.我爸爸几乎不看电视.3.一般过去时【概念】(1)时态时态是动词的一种形式,分为时间和状态.时间即过去、现在、未来.态有一般状态、进行 状态、完成状态、完成进行状态.它是表示行为、动作、状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式.(2) 一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态,过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为,过 去主语所具备的能力和性格.【结构】(1)主谓宾结构:主语+谓语(动词过去式)十句子其他成分.He did his homework yesterday.(2)主系表结构:主语+was/were+其它.She was a student ten years ago.There were many flowers 2 days ago.【用法】(1) 一般过去时,表示过去某个时间里发生的非持续性动作或存在的状态,也表示经常或 反复发生的动作.用动词的过去式表示,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday, last night, in+过去的年份,two days ago, before, the age of 等.He a book yesterday. It him 50 yuan.A. bought, paidB. spent, tookC. paid, spentD. bought, cost分析:昨天他买了一本书,它花了他50元. 解答:D.根据关键词yesterday可知,本句是一般过去时态,bought,买,是瞬间动词,表 示过去的动作;第二个空it做主语,代指a book,所以动词用cost.应选D.点评:此题考查动词的时态,解决此类问题是根据关键词和标志词来确定动词的形式,在不 同的语言环境中到达熟练掌握的目的.(2) 一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常和often, always等表示频率的时间 状语连用.表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格.Dad, did you ride a bike to school when you a boy? No, my family was poor, so Iusually to school on foot.()A. are, go B. were, go C. was, went D. were, went分析:爸爸,当你是个小孩的时候你骑车去上学吗? 不,我家里穷,所以我经常走路上学.解答:D.结合句意是表达的过去的事情用一般过去时,主语you,故were,主语L故went, 故答案是D.点评:一般过去时,表示过去某个时间里发生的非持续性动作或存在的状态,也表示经常或 反复发生的动作.用动词的过去式表示,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,例如:yesterday, last night, in+过去的年份,two days ago, before, the age of, the day before yesterday .【易混淆点】一般过去时与现在完成时(1) 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作.说话的侧重 点只在于陈述一件过去的事情,不强调对“现在“产生的影响.如:(2)现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,对现在造成了影响或产生了结果.不与确定的过去 时间状语连用.如:How long?Let me see. We in 2008, that is, for 7 years.()A. have you been married, have marriedB have you got married, got marrieddid you get married, marriedC. have you been married, got married分析:你们结婚多久了?让我想想.我们2008年结婚,也就是,七年了.解答:D.how long表示多久,根据句意可知get married动作发生在过去,持续了一段时间故用现在 完成时have/has+过去分词,主语you, get married是短暂性动词不能与how long连用,换 成be married表示状态,be的过去分词been,故How long have you been married?结合时间 状语in 2008是过去的时间,故用一般过去时,get的过去式got,故答案是D.点评:动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与短暂性动词.延续 性动词可以与以since, for, how long等引导的表示一段时间的状语连用.例如:He has lived here for 6 years. How long did you stay there last year?短暂性动词也称终止性动词、非延续性动词或瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发 生后立即结束. 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, join, borrow, lend, buy, arrive, reach, start, marry, end 等.4.现在完成时【概念】(1)现在完成时:过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果.到现在为止已经发生或完成的动作.表示过去发生的、持续到现在的动作或状态.(2)概念点拨:影响性:指过去的某个动作对现在造成的影响或结果.持续性:指从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态,还有可能继续延续下去.【结构】现在完成时的结构:have / has +过去分词.例:He has seen the film several times. 这部电影他已看了好几次.I have known her for a long time. 我认识她很长时间 了.句中的has seen和have known均为现在完成时,第一句属影响性用法,其影响是”他对电 影内容非常熟悉了”;第二句属持续性用法,指“认识她“已持续了很长一段时间.【用法】(1)影响性用法实例分析: .I have lost my pen.我把钢笔丢了.根据句意可知,“丢钢笔”这个动作发生在过去,同时也在过去已经完成,但这个在过去发生 和完成的动作对现在有影响一我现在无钢笔用,或我得去买支新的. . We have finished the work. 我们已把工作干完了.显然“完成工作”这个动作发生在过去,同时也在过去已经完成,但这个在过去发生和完成的 动作对现在有影响一我们可以休息了,或可以回家了,或可以做别的事了.(2)持续性用法实例分析: .I've waited a week for your answer.等你的答复我已等了一个星期.根据句意可知"'等”这个动作发生在过去,但它在过去并没有完成,而是一直等到现在,已 持续了一个星期. . We have lived here quite a number of years.我们在这里住了 很多年了.根据句意可知,”住在这儿”是从过去开始的,但它在过去并没有完成,而是一直等到现在, 已持续了好几年.【易混淆点】(1)现在完成时和一般过去时的区别:它们的动作都是发生在过去,不同之处在于,说话者是否强调这个影响:如果强调对现在 的影响,就用现在完成时;如果不强调对现在的影响,而是强调动作发生的过去时间,就 用一般过去时.体会下面的句子: .Fve washed the car.我已经洗过车了 .(车现在是干净的).I washed the car yesterday.我洗了车子.(强调车子昨天洗的)第一句用的是现在完成时,它强调的是洗车对现在的影响一车现在是干净的;第二句用的是 一般过去时,它不强调洗车对现在的影响,只说明车昨天洗过,至于它现在是否干净说话人 并不关心.(2) have been to 和 have

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