Unit 3 Starting out & Understanding ideas核心考点回顾 外研版（2019）高中英语必修第三册.doc

Unit 3-Section A Starting out & Understanding ideas核心考点回顾【addition】in addition 除此之外, 另外*In addition, important advances have been made in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power. 此外, 由于计算机能力的提高, 医学和环境科学也取得了重要进展。*In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. 此外, 大多数报纸的内容很少能吸引广大读者。*In addition to the names on the list there are six other applicants. 除此名单上的名字之外, 还有六个申请人。【导图理词】 【capable】capable adj. 有能力的*Though he was affected by gradual blindness soon after the performance, Henry was still capable of writing. 尽管演出之后不久亨利就受到逐渐失明的影响, 他仍然能作曲。*He had no capability to deal with the matter. 他没有能力处理那件事。【导图理词】 【desire】desire n. 渴望, 欲望*First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. 首先, 你需要评估你自己, 你的价值观、你的优点、你的弱点、你的成就、你的欲望等。*They seem to have lost their desire for life. 他们似乎已丧失了对生活的热望。*Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning. 阅读满足了我持续学习的愿望。*Everyone desires to live in a world free of worries and pains. 每个人都向往生活在一个无忧无虑的世界里。【导图理词】 【flexible】flexible adj. 易弯曲的, 柔韧的*Leather and rubber are flexible, but glass and iron are not. 皮革和橡胶都是易弯曲的, 玻璃和铁则不然。*This tube is flexible but tough. 这管子柔软但很坚固。*Remember that goals are flexible. 记住目标很灵活。*The school is flexibly organized to allow maximum cooperation between research groups. 该学校组织灵活, 可以使研究团队之间最大程度地进行合作。【语块积累】 【press】 press v. 按*Presently I am going to press the lever, and off the machine will go. 现在我要按下操纵杆, 松开手机器就开动了。*The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses. 通过分析用户打字的力量和按键之间的时间, 键盘可以提供一个强大的安全层。*This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. 这种智能键盘精确地测量打字的节奏和手指对每个键的压力。【熟词生义】*The press are/is interested in sports. 新闻界对体育运动感兴趣。(n. 新闻界)【导图理词】 【shoot】shoot v. 射出(光、亮等), 放射*A faint blue light shot across it, darkening to purple, and presently she could see the image of her son, who lived on the other side of the earth, and he could see her. 一道微弱的蓝光从中射出, 加深变成紫色, 不久她就看到儿子的影像, 住在地球的另一边的儿子看到了她。*The sun shoots its beam through the mist. 太阳透过薄雾射出光芒。*Jeff had hunted in Lowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie, but the gun shots had scared the dog off. 杰夫在感恩节之前和他的狗罗西在洛瓦打猎, 但是枪声把狗吓跑了。*He shot at the target, but missed it. 他开枪打靶, 但没有打中。*They had shot down five planes by dark. 到天黑的时候, 他们已击落了5架飞机。【熟词生义】*The film was shot over six months beginning in the spring of 2017 in and around Montreal. 从2017年春季开始, 这部电影开始在蒙特利尔拍摄, 整个拍摄周期大约为6个月。(v. 拍摄)【名师点津】巧记shootshoot表示“射死”, 是及物动词, 后面直接跟宾语; 而shoot at. . . 表示“向开枪”, 这时shoot是不及物动词, 介词at不能换成to。【导图理词】 【virtual】virtual adj. 虚拟的, 模拟的*For example, advances in virtual reality and wearable tech, as well as the flexible battery, mean we should be seeing further developments. 例如, 虚拟现实、可穿戴技术以及可弯曲的电池都意味着我们可以预见将来的发展。*In a Virtual space, students can “dissect” a human body, “visit” ancient battlefields, or “talk” with Shakespeare. 在虚拟的空间中, 学生们可以“解剖”一个人的身体, 参观古代战场或与莎士比亚“对话”。*Our deputy manager is the virtual head of the business. 我们的副经理是公司的实际负责人。*It is virtually impossible to predict the future accurately. 精确预言未来的事实际上是办不到的。【语块积累】 【强调句】So what is it that inspires us to invent things? 那么是什么激励我们发明东西呢? 【句式解构】(1)本句是强调句型的特殊疑问句。强调句型的基本结构: It is +被强调的部分+ that/ who + 其他。该句中被强调的部分是特殊疑问词what。被强调的部分指物时, 其后只能用that; 当被强调的部分指人时, 其后用that/ who均可。(2)句中的inspires us to invent things是inspire sb. to do sth. 结构, 意为“激励某人做某事”。*When and where was it that you were born? 你是何时何地出生的? *It was yesterday that he met Li Ping. 他是昨天遇见李平的。*Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping? 他是昨天遇见李平的吗? *It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed. 直到妻子回来, 他才去睡觉。【名师点津】强调句型小结1. 2. 辨析强调句型和定语从句: (1)强调句中的It没有实际意义, It be与that可同时被省略; 而定语从句中的It是主语, It be与that不可同时省略。(2)强调句句子中的that不能省略, 并且即使前面的名词是事物时, 也不能将that换成which或其他词; 而定语从句中的that作宾语时可被省略, 并且当先行词是事物时可用which或其他词代替。*It was the English book that I bought yesterday. 昨天我所买的就是这本英语书。(本句相当于对I bought the English book yesterday中the English book进行强调)* It is the English book (that/ which) I bought yesterday. 这是我昨天买的英语书。(本句是对What is that? 问句的回答, that/ which引导的是定语从句, that/ which可被省略) 【主语从句&表语从句】But what remains important is that we have an incredible desire to think and create, and thats the real spirit of invention. 但仍然重要的是, 我们有一种思考和创造的强烈渴望, 这才是真正的发明精神。【句式解构】本句是主从复合句。其中what remains important是what引导的主语从句, what在从句中作主语; that we have. . . to think and create是that引导的表语从句, that在表语从句中不作成分。*What caused the accident remains unknown. 事故的起因还不清楚。*His suggestion is that we should stay calm. 他的建议是, 我们应该保持冷静。【名师点津】主语从句与表语从句1. 主语从句: (1)引导词位于句首不能省略。(2)主语从句大多数情况下视为第三人称单数。(3)为了防止句子头重脚轻, 常把形式主语it放在句首, 真正主语置于句末。如: *It is certain that he will win the match. 他一定会赢得这场比赛的。(4)what引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分, 如主语、宾语、表语, 而that 则不能。2. 表语从句: that引导表语从句时不充当句子成分, 但不能省略。 【限制性定语从句】Most inventions start with recognising a problem that needs a solution. 大多数发明源于认识到一个需要解决的难题。【句式解构】(1)本句是主从复合句。其中that needs a solution是that引导的限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词problem, that在从句中作主语。(2)start with是固定短语, 意为“以开始”, start也可以换成begin。*In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment that/which is created for them. 在咖啡馆里, 顾客会在为他们创造的历史环境中尽情享受。*The old man that/ who/ whom I visited yesterday is my teacher. 我昨天拜访的那个老人是我的老师。*The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that age is not a barrier to achieving ones goal. 文章以塞万提斯的故事开始, 说明年龄并不是实现目标的障碍。*His effort to reunite families with lost medals began with a Christmas gift from his mother, a Purple Heart with the name Corrado A. G. Piccoli, found in an antique shop. 他努力使一些家庭找回失去的勋章源于他母亲送给他的一件圣诞礼物, 那是一枚在一家古董店里找到的紫心勋章, 有科拉多A. G. 皮科利的名字。【拓展延伸】that引导定语从句: (1)关系代词that可以引导限制性定语从句, 修饰代表人或事物的先行词, 但不能用于引导非限制性定语从句。that可以充当从句的主语、 宾语、 表语。(2)在先行词是事物的限制性定语从句中, that和which一般可互换。that引导限制性定语从句修饰表示人的先行词时, 通常可以与who换用; 不紧跟在介词后的whom和that通常可以换用(紧跟在介词后的whom不可以被that代替)。 【非限制性定语从句】This evening, Ill be talking to Dr Richard Fairhurst, whose new book The New Age of Invention has just been published. 今天晚上, 我会对理查德费尔赫斯特博士进行访谈, 他的新书发明的新时代刚刚出版。【句式解构】(1)本句是主从复合句。其中whose new book. . . has just been published是whose引导的非限制性定语从句, whose在从句中作定语, 修饰名词book。(2)new book和The New Age of Invention是同位语, 共同作从句的主语。*First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so cool. 首先, 我想成为一名消防员, 他的制服看起来很酷。*Mr King, whose legs/ the legs of whom/ of whom the legs were badly hurt, was taken to the hospital. 金先生腿受重伤, 被送进了医院。*They live in a room whose window/ the window of which/ of which the window opens to the south. 他们住在一间窗户朝南开的房间里。*Mr Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. 我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。*The news that our team has won the match is true. 我们队赢得比赛的消息是真的。*In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing. 最近几年, 努纳武特的一些因纽特人报告说, 在人类居住地附近观察到熊的数量增加了, 这使人们相信, 熊的数量正在增加。【拓展延伸】1. whose引导定语从句: (1)whose是定语从句中一个常用的关系代词, 它是关系代词who的所有格, 在从句中作定语, 也就是说当先行词与从句中某个名词有所属关系, 表达“的”意思时, 用关系代词whose 引导定语从句。(2)它既可以指代人, 也可以指代物, 既可引导限制性定语从句, 也可以引导非限制性定语从句。(3)whose引导定语从句时, 常可与of which/of whom引导的定语从句进行转换。2. 同位语: (1)一个名词对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补充说明, 这个名词就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一致, 并常常紧挨在一起。(2)某些名词后面, 可以跟that或连接代词或副词引起的从句作同位语, 说明其内容, 该从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句的先行词有: idea, fact, news, hope, belief, thought, doubt, promise, truth, agreement, decision等。