Unit 4 Developing ideas核心考点回顾 外研版（2019）高中英语必修第三册.doc

Unit 4-Section C Developing ideas核心考点回顾【by accident】by accident 偶然; 无意中; 不小心*A caterpillar does not become a butterfly by accident. 毛毛虫蜕变成蝴蝶并不是因为一场意外。*I found this picture by accident, and it reminds me of something in life. 发现这张图片纯属偶然, 它让我想起了生活中的一些事。*This doesnt happen by chance; it happens by design. 这不是偶然发生的, 而是故意为之。*I took your umbrella home by mistake yesterday, which made me embarrassed. 我昨天错把你的伞拿回家, 这让我很尴尬。【语块积累】by accident=by chance无意地by design=on purpose故意地by mistake错误地by means of 依靠, 借助于by no means 一点也不, 决不 【fond】be fond of 爱好, 喜欢*He should be fond of painting, which surprised me. 他竟然喜欢绘画, 这使我感到惊奇。* We are so fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power, more must be better. 我们非常喜欢我们的高智商, 所以当涉及到脑力时, 我们认为越多就越好。*Its human nature for parents to be fond of their children. 父母爱孩子是人类的天性。【语块积累】be fond of (doing) sth. 喜欢(做)某事be fond of sb. 喜欢某人 【frequent】frequent adj. 经常发生的, 频繁的*Our factory has frequent contacts with the neighbouring villages. 我们厂和附近村庄经常来往。*She gives frequent performances of her work , both at home and abroad. 她经常在国内外演出自己的作品。*Tourist buses run frequently between the city and the airport during holidays. 假期期间, 观光巴士频繁地来往于市区与机场之间。*Traffic accidents have decreased in frequency over recent years. 近年来交通事故发生的频率已经下降。【语块积累】(1)frequentlyadv. 频繁地; 经常 (=often)(2)frequencyn. 频率【熟词生义】 *He used to frequent the towns bars and night-clubs.(v. 常到, 常去) 【known短语】be known for 因而闻名*Jingdezhen in Jiangxi Province is known for fine porcelain. 江西景德镇以精美的瓷器而闻名。*Luxun is known as a writer whose novels play an important role in the history of literature. 鲁迅作为一名作家而闻名, 他的小说在文学史上起着重要的作用。*The man was known to the police because of previous convictions. 因为有犯罪前科, 警察们都认识这个人。【语块积累】be known for=be famous for因而闻名, 后接原因be known as=be famous as作为而闻名, 后接身份, 职业等be known to为所知, 后接某些人, 团体或地域 【lack】lack v. &n. 缺乏, 没有; 不足*Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 在19个公认的北极熊亚群中, 3个正在下降, 6个保持稳定, 1个正在增加, 9个缺乏足够的数据。*We discontinued the project because of a lack of funds . 由于资金短缺, 我们中止了这个项目。*Obviously, he did not succeed for the lack of experience. 很显然, 他因为缺少经验而没能成功。*The young lady seems to be totally lacking in common sense. 这位年轻的女士似乎一点常识都没有。【语块积累】(1)lack sth. 缺少某物(lack v. )(2)lack of. . . 缺少(lack n. )for lack of因为缺少(3)lackingadj. 缺少的, 缺乏的be lacking in 缺少(品质、特点等), 在方面不足【名师点津】(1)lack虽然是及物动词, 但不能用于被动语态。(2)在动词lack后面不要加介词in或of, lack作名词时, 后面常接介词of。 【regard】be regarded as 被视作; 被认为; *Mountains are regarded as spiritual places by many cultures. 在许多文化中, 山被认为是灵魂之地。*Parents should praise childs effort regardless of whether he wins or loses in the exam. 不管孩子在考试中输赢与否, 家长都应该表扬孩子所做出的努力。*The driver had very little to say regarding the accident. 关于这次事故, 司机无话可说。【语块积累】(1)regardv. 认为, 看待regard. . . as. . . 把看作=consider/treat/view/look on. . . as. . . (2)regardlessadv. 不管, 不加理会regardless of不管, 不顾(3)regardingprep. 关于 【shade】shade n. (色彩的)浓淡, 深浅, 色度; 阴凉处; (树)荫; v. 给遮挡(光线); 把涂暗; 画阴影*I count twelve shades of green from where I stand. 从我站的地方, 我数了数有十二种绿色。* We took a nap in the shade of a large tree. 我们在树荫下面打了一个盹。* I tried hard but her work put mine in the shade. 我费了很大力气, 但她的成果让我相形见绌。* You cant look directly into it, and please shade your eyes or close them altogether. 你不能直视它, 请遮住眼睛或索性闭上。【语块积累】a delicate/pale/heavy/soft shade of +颜色 淡/浅/浓/柔和的in the shade of 在的阴影下put sb. /sth. in the shade使(某人或事物)黯然失色; 使相形见绌 【sponsor】sponsor v. 资助, 倡议; n. 赞助者, 发起人, 主办方*The senator announced that he would sponsor the health care plan. 这位参议员宣布他将发起这一保健计划。*A wealthy sponsor came to our rescue with a generous donation. 有个富有的赞助人慷慨捐赠来解救我们。*We dont know who is the sponsor of the research program. 我们不知道谁是这个研究项目的发起人。*The sponsor of the project asked the designer to revise the plan. 项目的主办方要求设计师修改方案。【语块积累】sponsor a meeting主办一次会议sponsor a show赞助一次展览 【比较级】The more time he spent observing these animals, the more his understanding of them grew. 他观察这些动物的时间越长, 对它们的了解就越深。【句式解构】该句为“the+比较级. . . , the+比较级. . . ”结构, 意思为“越, 就越”。第一个“the+比较级”相当于一个状语从句, 第二个“the+比较级”相当于主句。*The harder you work, the more achievements you will get in your work. 你工作越努力, 你获得的成就就越多。*Usually, the stranger the idea is, the more it gets noticed. 通常, 想法越奇怪, 就会得到越多的关注。*The more you practise, the more skillful you will become. 你练习得越多, 就越熟练。【名师点津】the+比较级. . . the+比较级. . . “the+比较级, the+比较级”, 表示在程度上后者随前者的变化而变化, 意为“越就越”。前面的句子用一般现在时, 后面的句子用一般将来时或者一般现在时; 或者前后的句子都用一般过去时。本结构可以用省略形式。例如: The sooner, the better. 越快越好。 【感叹句】What a magnificent horse! 多么壮观的马啊! 【句式解构】该句为what 引导的感叹句, 基本结构为What+a/an+adj. +单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)! *What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we would have had a good time together. 真可惜! 你错过了观光, 不然我们本应该在一起玩得很开心的。*What wonderful ideas we have! 我们的想法太棒了! *What bad weather it is! Youd better stay at home. 天气太糟糕了! 你最好待在家里。*How beautiful the fresh flowers are! And you must take good care of them. 这些鲜花多美啊! 你一定要好好照顾它们。*How clever a boy he is! He has won many prizes in this field. 多么聪明的男孩啊! 他在这个领域获得了很多奖项。【名师点津】what/how引导的感叹句句式(1)由what引导的感叹句形式: What+a/an+adj. +单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)! What+adj. +不可数名词(+主语+谓语)! What+adj. +可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)! (2)由how引导的感叹句形式: How+adj. / adv. (+主语+谓语)! How+adj. +a/an+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)! 【it作形式主语】It is said that when the Emperor asked Han Gan to take a master of horse painting as his teacher, the artist replied, “I have my own teachers, Your Majesty. All the horses in your stables are my very teachers. ”据说, 当皇帝让韩干把一位画马大师当做老师时, 这位艺术家回答说: “陛下, 我有自己的老师。您马厩里所有的马都是我的老师。”【句式解构】该句为复合句, 句中“it is said that从句”为“it+be+过去分词+that从句”结构。在该结构中, it为形式主语, that从句为真正的主语。*It is said that the scene of sunrise there is very beautiful, but I had never seen it before. 据说那里的日出很美, 但我从来没见过。*It is suggested that students (should) be encouraged to read more printed books instead of e-books. 我们建议学生们应该被鼓励多阅读印刷书籍而不是电子书。*It is reported that the recently discovered painting may be painted by Picasso. 据报道最新发现的绘画可能是毕加索的作品。【名师点津】(1)“it+be+过去分词+that从句”结构是常用的表达。常见的表达有: It is said that. . . 据说It is reported that. . . 据报道It is believed that. . . 人们认为/相信It is hoped that. . . 人们希望表示建议、命令、请求等: It is suggested / ordered / requested / required / insisted that. . . 句型中用“(should)+动词原形”(2)有的“It is+过去分词+that从句”结构可与“sb. /sth. is+过去分词+to do. . . ”结构相互转换。It is said that he lived abroad, but we dont know which country he lived in. =He is said to have lived abroad, but we dont know which country he lived in.