广东省2013年高考英语二轮复习 题型技法指导专题六 读写任务.doc

2013年高考第二轮复习英语广东版 题型技法指导 专题六读写任务真题试做（2012·广东高考）阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。My husband received a letter a month ago from a young woman who had been his student when she was in middle school. She was writing because she wanted to thank him for having a great influence on her life.In the letter she wrote，“You were the teacher who helped me discover my talent for math.Before you came to teach us，I had been terribly poor at math，and had never thought that I would be interested in it.To my surprise，you magically showed me the beauty of math.I guess that was the turning point of my attitude towards it.Gradually my interest in it began to grow.Thanks to your encouragement，I made continuous progress in math，and finally made up my mind to study it in the university.Today I am working as an accountant at Valley Medical Center in California.You played an important part.Thank you！”What a wonderful gift to a retired teacher！My husband has received many letters from students over the years.This one was special，for it arrived at this time in his life when he is in very poor health.【写作内容】1以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。2以约120个词就老师影响学生的话题谈谈你的想法，内容包括：（1）上文使你想起哪位对你帮助最大的老师；（2）举例说明该老师对你学习或成长的影响；（3）你怎样看待老师对学生的影响。【写作要求】1作文中可以使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；2作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。【评分标准】概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯。考向分析近三年高考读写任务的总体情况如下表所示：年份话题主题阅读文体裁内容要点2012社会热点老师影响学生记叙文32011情感讲述一次想家的经历记叙文32010社会热点用金钱鼓励孩子学习夹叙夹议3由上表我们得出读写任务主要有以下特点：1阅读文体裁多样；易于阅读理解；长度约为200个词。2话题真实，语境生活化，贴近学生的学习和生活。3概括词数约为30个，但发表观点部分一般120个词左右，因此写作时以表达思想内容为主，不必太受词数限制。4写作内容中要求考生发表观点的内容要点明确，近3年均为3条具体的内容，一般来说考生都有话可写。5得分情况：本题满分25分，而近几年的得分率均在40%左右，即10分左右，因此考生还有很大的上升空间。答题步骤1审题，明确题目要求通过审题明确文章主题、写作内容、主要时态和主体人称等问题，其中主体人称就是要确定以第几人称进行写作，以往年高考中曾有相当数量的考生在这方面出错，同学们需特别注意。2阅读短文，找出文章的内容要点议论文的内容要点：论点、论据和结论。记叙文五要素：when，what，who，where，how。3概括、转述作者观点议论文用自己的话表达论点、论据和结论。记叙文用自己的话将记叙文的五要素串联起来。但有时也不一定面面俱到，只需回答下列问题即可：谁做了什么事（who did what），结果怎样（what was the result）等。摘要的开头语（1）According to the passage，we know.（2）The writer states that.（3）The author thinks/argues.（4）The story/passage is about.（5）The writer/author tells us about.（6）The story mainly tells us that.4过渡，引出自己的观点写了摘要后，用一句过渡的话，再引出自己的观点（赞成或反对）或引出类似的故事。议论文的过渡语表示赞同（1）I agree with the statement that.（2）I do agree with the author.（3）I'm for the writer's idea that.（4）I quite agree with the writer's idea.（5）I fully support the statement above because I am very sure.（6）I can't agree more with what the writer said/says.（我完全同意作者的观点）表示不赞同（1）I partly agree with what the writer said.（2）I don't agree with the writer's view.（3）I'm strongly against the writer's idea.（4）In some way，I agree with.but.（5）This opinion sounds right but is hardly practical.（6）What the writer said sounds reasonable.But.（7）It is definitely not like that.As a matter of fact.（8）Some people argue as if it is a general truth that.But to be frank，I cannot agree with them.表达自己的观点（1）As for me.（2）In my opinion.（3）As far as I am concerned.（4）From my point of view.（5）I hold the view/belief that.（6）Personally，I believe that.（7）According to my experience，I think that.（8）I'm convinced that.（9）To be honest.引出话题（1）There is no doubt that.毫无疑问（2）It can not be denied that.不可否认（3）No one can ignore the fact that.谁也不可忽视（4）From what is mentioned above，we know.依上所述，我们知道（5）It goes without saying that.记叙文的过渡语（1）I have a similar experience.（2）I also went through such an experience.（3）This story reminds me of another story that happened to.（4）This story reminds me of a similar experience of.（5）例证、论证自己的观点议论文在提出自己的观点后，就用具体的事例来论证自己的观点。结论，注意前后呼应。记叙文编写与阅读文章主题相同但情节不同的故事（亲身经历或虚构）。提供论据或原因分析的套语总述原因（1）There are several reasons that contribute to.（2）My views are based on the following reasons.分层论述（1）On the one hand.On the other hand.一方面（然而）另一方面（2）For one thing.For another.一则再则（3）To begin with/First of all/First（ly）.Second（ly）.Besides/Furthermore/What's more.Finally/Last but not least.首先其次此外/而且最后列举例子（1）Take.for example.以为例吧/就拿来说吧。（2）For example/instance.例如（3）such as比如说；诸如之类的引出经历What impresses me most is that.我印象最深的是分析因果Thanks to/Owing to/Because of.由于/因为Consequently/Therefore/Thus/As a result.因此/结果总结句开头语（1）To sum up/In short/In conclusion/In a word/All in all.总之（2）Taking all the factors into account，we can draw a conclusion that.考虑到以上因素，我们可以得出这样的结论（3）From the discussion above，it can be safely concluded that.根据以上讨论，可以得出如下结论（4）To be brief，we should be aware of the importance of.总之，我们应当明白的重要性。（5）Therefore，it is necessary for us to.因此，我们有必要（6）Only in this way/when.can we.只有用这种方法/当时，我们才能5查缺补漏，加工润色复查行文中的要点，检查单词拼写、语法、时态、人称等是否正确一致。同时，要对文章加工润色，看看使用的词汇是否地道，使用的语言是否高级；上下文是否连贯，连接词是否得当；句式是否多样，是否使用了非谓语动词，特殊句式等灵活的表达形式。如有偏差，及时做出修改或调整。规律方法一、篇章结构读写任务的篇章结构可大致描述为：（1）标题。（有时不一定要求拟标题）（2）第1段：用一两句话概括所给短文内容要点，约30词。建议控制在2535词之间。（3）第24段：发表看法或议论时，依照试题所给内容要点（三年高考均为3个要点）本身的顺序，原则上每个要点单独写一个自然段，这不但保证写作内容覆盖所有写作要点，而且层次清晰，让阅卷老师一目了然。若其中两条逻辑关系特别紧密，也可用一个自然段来表达。（4）最后根据需要，可以加一句总结性的话。二、如何概括在找出文章的内容要点后，就要用自己的话转述原文内容要点。（一）概括有以下三条原则1精：用精炼的语言概括出文章的大意。可先画出短文中的重要句子，例如：文中的主题句、论点、论据和结论等。2准：要注意文章的内涵和外延，把作者的观点用自己的语言，简洁、明了、连贯、有条理地准确表述出来（注意：一般多用第三人称）。3全：要省去详细的例子、细节词语，选取包含文章的主要内容及作者观点的词语，范围不宜过大或过小。（二）概括的基本步骤1浏览短文内容，准确理解全文大意。首先可巧妙利用opinion，预测材料内容。读写任务先读后写。那么“读”的材料肯定是要与“写”的材料话题相同的，至少是相关的。因此，我们可以利用这一关系来进行有效的预测。2画出短文中的重要句子，例如短文中的主题句、论点、重要的论据和结论等，忽略短文中的例子及不重要的论据和细节。3经过自己理解之后，转化成自己的话，运用简洁明了的语言尽可能客观地转述短文内容。理清要点之间的逻辑关系之后，不能简单地照搬原句，还必须进行适度地改述，即用自己的话进行改写，才符合“不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子”的要求。那么，如何才能达到这样的要求呢？（1）同义替换。即用同义或近义的词语或句型改写。如：“intellectual ability”和“academic ability”就可以用grades（成绩）来替换。（2）语态互换。即主动语态与被动语态的转换。如“He later agrees to take the suggestion to.”就可以用它的被动语态来表示：“He was later persuaded to.”。（3）非谓语动词短语与从句的互换。如“There was a king who ruled a rich country.”可以用“There was a king ruling a rich country.”来表达。（4）合并句子。就是将几个意义联系紧密的句子合并为一句话。如以下两个句子We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming pupils.It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates.Besides，it is rather unreal to grade students just according to their intellectual ability.就可合并为Streaming pupils not only neglects the different rates of students' development，but also is unfair for them judging only by their grades.4削“枝”去“叶”，实行精“兵”裁“员”。由于词数有限制，所以在写summary时还应采取一些必要的手段来进行精“兵”裁“员”，减少字数。惯常采用的方法有：（1）主谓缩写。如：they willthey'll；we arewe're；should notshouldn't；can notcan't等。（2）句式省略。如：When he crossed the road.When crossing the road.。（3）使用代词或含有替代含义的词，如so，the same.，instead等。5故事类文章可按“起因、经过、结果”的思路进行概括，若故事还有启示，可用一句简短的话进行概括；对于议论和说明类的文章，要分析文章结构，提炼每段中心意思，整合相同的论点，进行概括。（三）概括的开头语1According to the passage，we know.2The writer states that.3The author thinks/argues.4The story/passage is about.5The writer/author tells us about.6The story mainly tells us that.【例1】One morning，a friend of mine set the breakfast table beside a huge window，which overlooked the Tred Avon River.Suddenly she leaned forward and cried out，“There is a goose out there！”We saw the figure of a large Canada goose，very still，its wings folded tight to its sides and its feet frozen to the ice.Then in the sky，she saw a line of swans.They flew from the top of the sky downward and at last landed on the ice.My friend was on her feet，with one unbelieving hand against her mouth.As the swans surrounded the frozen goose，she feared that the poor goose might be pecked out by those great swan bills.Unexpectedly，those bills began to work on the ice.The long necks were lifted and curved down（弯下），again and again.They went on for a long time.At last，the goose was free and standing on the ice.And the swans stood nearby watching.Then，as if the goose was crying，“I cannot fly”，four of the swans came down around it.Their powerful bills chipped off the ice stuck in its feathers.Slowly，the goose spread its wings as far as they would go.Seeing the goose could freely move its wings，the swans flew slowly into the sky.This is a true story.Every time I think of it，I can't help asking，“If so for birds，why not for man？”写作内容以约30词概括短文的含义。答案：The passage reminds us to help those who are in trouble and shows us helping others is a good virtue，which one should treasure.【例2】Getting up early has been regarded as a good habit since ancient times.Many years ago，people thought that if we went to bed early and got up early，we would be energetic the whole day.So，getting up early is of great importance to us all.In fact，morning is the best time of a day.In the morning，the air is the freshest and people are usually in the best conditions.Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning than at any other time of the day.If we do some morning exercises or only take a short walk in the morning，we can build our bodies and become much healthier.Also we will have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early.However，if we get up late，we'll probably have to do everything in a great hurry.Let us remember getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it.If we stick to getting up early every day，we will certainly benefit a lot from it.写作内容以约30词概括短文的要点。答案：Better Late than EarlyThe passage tries to tell us that getting up early in the morning is a good habit that will benefit us a lot，including a better memory，healthier body and better preparation for the day.三、如何提出自己的观点并加以论证（一）思路如下：1要紧紧围绕所给主题。2明确任务，千万不要漏掉任何一个要点。至少包括：（1）现状及原因；（2）谈谈人们对的不同看法；（3）你的态度。3可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的观点，也可参照阅读材料中的内容。4注意连接词的恰当运用。（二）表明观点要求考生写好“三句”一是主题句。主题句即论述的主题，句中必须包含可扩展主题的词、词组或从句。二是扩展句。扩展句要利用必要的细节对主题加以论证说明，是段落的主体部分。它的表达形式是多种多样的，可以按时间和空间顺序、从整体到局部或从局部到整体的方法来叙述、描写、说明或议论。三是结论句。它主要是总结要点，与主题句相呼应、使读者对主题有深刻的印象或思考。1如何写好主题句学会写主题句是谋篇的第一步。近三年来，高考的读写任务都是三个要点，建议将三个要点依次设为三段，每段写一个主题句，放在段首，然后再围绕主题句适当展开。这样可使写作内容一目了然，既可避免写作时出现走题或偏题，又方便改卷老师落实要点是否齐全。写主题句的方法有：（1）直接回答。如，你认为好老师应该具有什么样的好品质。In my eyes，a good teacher should treat his students fairly as well as make the class lively and interesting.（2）复述内容。如，中学生活和大学生活的差别。From my point of view，college life will be different from the life in high school.（3）明示观点。如，你对学校拆掉图书馆的看法。Personally，I strongly believe we should preserve this old school library.（4）引出经历。如，根据你的个人学习经历简述你独自学习或与他人合作学习的理由。Actually，my experience tells me that co­operative learning is more beneficial to me.2如何写好结论句（1）重申观点或概括内容用简洁的语言概括各项写作内容，重申观点，起画龙点睛的作用。如：All in all，it is the love and education from school rather than suspensions that improve students' behavior.总而言之，改善学生行为的是爱与教育而不是停课。常用句型：To sum up/In short/In conclusion/In a word/All in all.总之Taking all the factors into account，we can draw a conclusion that.考虑到以上因素，我们可以得出这样的结论From the discussion above，it can be safely concluded that.根据以上讨论，可以得出如下结论（2）提出建议或进行呼吁若是反映社会现象或某种行为的文章，考生可对此提出积极的呼吁，或提出建议或解决办法等。如：Therefore，it is suggested that you should make friends with people having different genders，characteristics or backgrounds.因此，建议你应当与不同性别、性格以及背景的人结交朋友。常用句型：In conclusion，it's high time that.总之，是的时候了。To conclude，it makes sense.to. 结论是，才是明智的。To summarize，emphasis should be placed on.总之，应当重视（3）强调重要性有些观点提出后需要进一步强化以此加强论证观点。如：To sum up，environmental protection is of great importance，which can make us live more comfortably and more healthily.总之，环境保护非常重要，这会使我们生活得更舒适、更健康。常用句型 To be brief，we should be aware of the importance of.总之，我们应当明白的重要性。Therefore，it is necessary for us to.因此，我们有必要Only in this way.，can we.只有用这种方法，我们才能四、提升策略（一）正确拼写单词学生在写作中最容易犯的词句错误就是单词拼写错误。学生可以在平时的训练中采取以下几种方法：1大量积累同义词汇、反义词汇及固定搭配同义词汇和反义词汇的积累可以增加写作中词汇的选择范围，少用或不用无把握词汇，降低出错几率。例如：积累表达“选手，参加者”的词汇：player，athlete，participant，competitor等，当对athlete的拼写没有把握时就可以从其他三个词中选用任意一个来取代。2逐词逐句检查短文完成后要进行必要的检查。写完全文后认真检查会使你发现一些非知识性错误，从而避免“冤枉”失分。（二）熟练掌握时态和语态动词的时态和语态是学生出问题最多的地方之一，当然也一直是老师在阅卷过程中重点关注的方面。我们应该从如下方面训练：1掌握时态和语态的基本结构要想熟练掌握课标要求的10种时态和它们的被动语态，必须掌握它们的基本结构，并进行大量实战训练。2根据书面表达类型确定所用时态在写作时我们可以按照书面表达的类型来决定使用何种时态。议论文通常使用一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成进行时进行评价或阐述，用将来时进行展望和总结；说明文以一般现在时为主，而记叙文的时态运用最为复杂，建议首先理清所叙述事情的前因后果和相互联系，再运用所掌握的时态、语态结构进行句型搭建。3耐心检查养成写后检查的习惯对于提高时态、语态的正确率很有帮助。（三）熟记一些常用句型1议论文过渡句型表示赞同（1）I agree with the statement that.（2）I do agree with the author.（3）I'm for the writer's idea that.（4）I quite agree with the writer's idea.（5）I fully support the statement above because I am very sure.（6）I can't agree more with what the writer said/says.（我完全同意作者的观点）表示不赞同（1）I partly agree with what the writer said.（2）I don't agree with the writer's view.（3）I'm strongly against the writer's idea.（4）In some way，I agree with.but.（5）This opinion sounds right but is hardly practical.（6）What the writer said sounds reasonable.But.（7）It is definitely not like that.As a matter of fact.（8）Some people argue as if it is a general truth that.But to be frank，I cannot agree with them.表达自己观点（1）As for me.（2）In my opinion.（3）As far as I am concerned.（4）From my point of view.（5）I hold the view/belief that.（6）Personally，I believe that.（7）According to my experience，I think that.引出话题（1）There is no doubt that.毫无疑问（2）It can not be denied that.不可否认（3）No one can ignore the fact that.谁也不可忽视（4）From what is mentioned above，we know.依上所述，我们知道2记叙文过渡句型（1）I have a similar experience.（2）I also went through such an experience.（3）This story reminds me of another story that happened to.（4）This story reminds me of a similar experience of.3提供论据或原因分析的套语总述原因（1）There are several reasons that contribute to.（2）My views are based on the following reasons.分层论述（1）On the one hand.On the other hand.一方面另一方面（2）For one thing.For another.一则再则（3）To begin with/First of all/First（ly）.Second（ly）.Besides/Furthermore/What's more.Finally/Last but not least.首先其次此外/而且最后列举例子（1）Take.for example.以为例/就拿来说。（2）For example/instance.例如（3）such as 比如说，诸如之类的引出经历What impresses me most is that.我印象最深的是分析因果Thanks to/Owing to/Because of.由于/因为Consequently/Therefore/Thus/As a result.因此/结果（四）恰当地使用英语谚语 好文章离不开好句子。谚语浓缩着人类思想的精华，言简意赅，朗朗上口。一篇书面表达中若能恰到好处地使用一到两句谚语，无疑能够起到画龙点睛的作用，大大提升得分档次。1惜时类（1）Time is money.时间就是金钱。（2）Time and tide wait for no man.时不我待。（3）Time lost cannot be recalled.光阴一去不复返。（4）Never put off till tomorrow.今日事，今日毕。（5）An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.一日之计在于晨。（6）It is the early bird that catches the worm.早起的鸟儿有虫吃。（捷足先登）（7）Take time while time is，for time will be away.机不可失，时不再来。2励志类（1）Where there is a will，there is a way.有志者，事竟成。（2）Hope for the best and p