湖北省2013年高考英语二轮复习 专题整合突破一 名词.doc

2013年高考第二轮复习英语湖北版 专题整合突破一、名词真题试做1(2012湖北高考，29)It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any _.Asymptom BsimilarityCsample Dshadow2(2011湖北高考，21)“Tommy，run！Be quick！The house is on fire！”the mother shouted，with _ clearly in her voice.Aanger BrudenessCregret Dpanic3(2010湖北高考，22)After the earthquake，the first thing the local government did was to provide _ for the homeless families.Aaccommodation BoccupationCequipment Dfurniture4(2010湖北高考，21)This restaurant has become popular for its wide _ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.Adivision BareaCrange Dcircle考向分析1注重语境近几年湖北高考对名词最重要的一个考查方式就是在特定的语境中考查考生准确运用词汇知识的能力。试题体现语境，贴近生活，注重交际。做题时不要只盯着选项，而要深入理解语境，整体把握，结合句意作出最佳选择。2辨析词义湖北高考对名词的考查不涉及名词相关的语法知识，重点考查词义辨析，主要集中在对同义词、近义词甚至是形近词的辨析方面。平时学习中一定要努力扩大词汇量，更要特别注意同义词和近义词的含义及用法的区别。只有具备了一定的词汇量，并能把握住各选项的真正内涵，才能作出正确的判断。3注意搭配名词的固定搭配和习惯表达主要涉及“介词名词”“名词介词”“动词名词”“形容词名词”等。平时学习中要注意积累，做好储备。做题时要从各选项的用法、使用场合和搭配上进行分析，反复比较然后再作出判断。热点例析1名词的分类2名词的数(1)抽象名词具体化英语中的名词有可数和不可数之分。只有可数名词才有复数形式。不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词，一般没有复数形式，但某些不可数名词在特定的语境下也可转化为具体名词，表示具有某种特征的人或事物，可用作可数名词。如：difficulty 困难 a difficulty 一件难事experience 经验 an experience 一次经历success 成功 a success 一个成功的人或一件成功的事failure 失败 a failure 一个失败的人或一件失败的事She is a success in business but a failure in marriage.她在事业上是个成功者，但在婚姻上是个失败者。(2)名词在特殊情况下的复数使用常以复数形式出现的名词congratulations 祝贺，贺词instructions 说明surroundings 环境要求用名词复数的短语make preparations for. 为做好准备make both ends meet 收支平衡be in high spirits 兴致勃勃make friends with 与交朋友give regards to 问候give respects to 向表示敬意have words with sb. 同某人吵架in rags 衣衫褴褛civil rights 公民权利current affairs 时事(3)常考的不可数名词advice 建议furniture 家具equipment 设备clothing 衣服(总称)fun 乐趣homework 家庭作业information 信息paper 纸sugar 糖work 工作fruit 水果harm 损害news 消息progress 进步traffic 交通difficulty/trouble 困难，麻烦weather 天气wealth 财富value 价值evidence 证据cloth 布料housework 家务活3名词的搭配名词的搭配很多也比较复杂，主要涉及“介词名词”“名词介词”“动词名词”“形容词名词”等。(1)与介词的搭配(an/the) approach to sth. 通往的路，学习的方法(one's) attitude to/toward (某人)对待的态度congratulations on 对的祝贺in/under such circumstance 在这种情况下，情形既然如此on that occasion 在那种场合with one's help/support/permission/guidance 在某人的帮助/支持/允许/指导下(2)与动词的搭配attach importance/significance to 认为很重要have access to 可以达到，可以使用have an eye for 对有鉴赏力have a preference for 偏爱have an effect/influence on 对产生影响follow one's advice 接受某人的建议keep pany 陪伴某人make a difference 起作用，有影响make room/space for 为腾出地方make sense of 弄懂make terms with 与达成协议make/leave impression on sb. 给某人留下深刻印象take measures/steps 采取措施take possession of 拥有satisfy/meet/cover one's needs/demands/requirements 满足某人的需要/要求/条件(3)冠词名词ofan average of 平均的a range of 各种各样的，一套，一系列a variety of 各种各样的a waste of 浪费a matter of (关于的)问题a lack of 缺乏a sense of 的感觉a series of 一连串的，一套，一系列4of名词(1)of抽象名词形容词ofno抽象名词not形容词of importanceimportantof valuevaluableof useusefulof no helpnot helpfulof no benefitnot beneficial(2)of抽象名词用来说明句子主语在度量、大小、颜色、类别等方面的特征。这类名词有：color，age，size，height，weight，shape，type，kind，price，quantity 等。They are of an age.They are the same age.他们年龄一样大。误区警示1名词“同义词、近义词辨析”易错点(2012江苏高考，21) Can I help you with it?I appreciate your _，but I can manage it myself.Aadvice Bquestion Coffer Didea【错混透析】 C该题易误选A项，主要是容易忽视上下文语境，且不能正确理解单词的内涵意义。advice “建议”；question “问题”；offer “(主动要做某事的)提议，建议”；idea“想法，主意”。【解题指导】 同义词、近义词辨析是近几年高考的常考点。做好此类题要从三个方面入手：一是要正确掌握选项单词词义包括其内涵意义；二是要注意其搭配及特定语境；三是要注意其习惯用法。这就要求考生在平时的学习中注意知识的积累，特别要注意同义词和近义词含义和用法的区别。2名词“熟词生义”易错点The head office of the bank is in Beijing，but it has _ all over the country.Acompanies Bbranches Corganizations Dbusinesses【错混透析】 B该题易误选D项，主要是对四个选项的意义掌握不全，且不能根据具体语境迁移、感悟词的新义。A项意为“公司”；B项意为“树枝”或“分支机构”；C项意为“组织”；D项意为“公司”。根据句意应选B项。【解题指导】 在高考英语中，有一种“熟词生义”题型，即题目中所填的词是考生所熟悉的，但所考查的含义却是不常见的。这就要求考生在掌握单词基本意义的基础上，善于结合不同的语境去体会、感悟单词的新义。1(2012湖北八校一次联考)Young people use more web language in their conversations，such as Geili because such language gives them a sense of _.AunityBidentityCresponsibility Dsecurity2(2012武汉二月调研)Hard work is no _ of an excellent school record.You have to adopt a flexible approach to your learning.Aguarantee Bconnection Cpermission Dconsequence3(2012湖北八市三月联考)Kim Jong­il，former top leader of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the former Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi were both dead at the age of 69.Some people jokingly think that's a(n) _.Aaccident Bconsequence Csymptom Dcoincidence4(2012武汉五月供题二)The US has been under pressure for some time to recognize this when forming a domestic economic policy that often appears to ignore the international _ of the dollar.Aimage Bcurrency Crole Deffect5(2012湖北襄阳五中二次适应)During the two­day meeting，G20 financial leaders gathering in Paris welcomed the _ Europe made on the euro zone debt issue on Saturday.Aprogress Brecommendation Ccommitment Dproposal6(2012华中师大一附中期中)The White House said that it had _ about Caio Koch­Weser's running in the election，and would not be backing his appointment.Acollisions BmotivationsCreservations Dexpectations7There is strong evidence that the _ of a father increases the probability that a youngster will use drugs and engage in criminal activity.Aabsence Bdisappearance Cattention Dconcern8Jobs once described his _ as trying to make products that were at “the intersection(交集) of art and technology”Atechnology Bgeography Cbiology Dphilosophy9The Chinese government is willing to work with other countries to adopt more effective measures in order to realize the goals of gender _，women's empowerment(自主) and building a harmonious world.Aequality Bquantity Cquality Dhostility10(2012湖北黄冈中学五月模拟)There is an obvious _ between the cultures of the West and East.Acontent Bcontract Ccontrast Dcontact11Jade is the highest award in Chinese culture and medals are the most important prize in Olympics，so medals with jade is the perfect _ to present the Olympics in Beijing.Aconnection Bcooperation Ccombination Dcomposition12Nowadays students go to key universities just for a formal _，which may help them hunt for a suitable job in the future.Aconservation BpreparationCgraduation Dqualification13(2012湖北孝感汉川一中二月调研)The two countries made a(n)_ that they would not fight with each other again.Atreatment Bconclusion Cfortune Dagreement14We may come to a conclusion that any _ to set back the wheel of history is sure to be a failure.Aambition Bintention Cdemand Dappeal15(2012湖北荆州质检二)The president owed his success not to _ but to self­education and a driving desire for achievement.Aregulation Bprivilege Carrangement Dcompromise参考答案 一、名词命题调研·明晰考向真题试做1A句意：定期检查眼睛非常重要，为的是能够发现可能没有症状的一些眼部疾病的迹象。symptom“症状”；similarity“相似，相似性”；sample“标本，样品”；shadow“阴影，阴暗”。2Danger “生气；愤怒”；rudeness“粗鲁；无礼”；regret“后悔；遗憾”；panic“惊慌；惊恐”。句意：“汤米，快跑，房子着火了！”母亲大声喊着，声音中透着明显的惊慌。根据句意，D项正确。3A句意：地震过后，当地政府所做的第一件事就是为无家可归的家庭提供住处。accommodation“住处(尤指仅供短期使用的)”；occupation“工作；职业；消遣”；equipment“设备”；furniture“家具”。4C句意：这家餐馆已经变得大受欢迎，因为它的食品种类繁多，适合所有人的口味。division“分开；分配；部门”；area“领域，方面；面积”；range“变化幅度，范围”；circle“圈子，界，社会，集团”。创新模拟·预测演练1B句意：年轻人喜欢在他们的对话中使用更多的网络语言，比如“给力”，因为这样的语言会让他们有一种认同感。a sense of identity “认同感”。unity “团结”；responsibility “责任，责任感”；security “安全，安全感”。2A句意：努力并不能保证一定会得到好分数，在学习中还应运用灵活的学习方法。guarantee “保证，担保”；connection “联系”；permission “允许，许可，同意”；consequence “后果，结果”。3D句意：朝鲜前领导人金正日和利比亚前领导人卡扎菲都是69岁时去世，一些人打趣地认为这是一个巧合。accident “事件，事故”；consequence “结果，后果”；symptom“症状”；coincidence “巧合”。4C句意：一段时间以来，美国一直承受着巨大的压力，因为意识到其在形成国内经济政策时似乎常常无视美元的国际地位。image “形象，影像”；currency “货币，流通”；role “地位；职能，作用”；effect “影响，效应”。5C句意：在为期两天的会议期间，20国集团金融领导人于星期六聚集巴黎欢迎欧洲就解决欧债危机作出的承诺。progress “进步”；recommendation “推荐，介绍”；commitment “商业方面的约定，承诺”；proposal “提议，建议”。6C句意：白宫表示，它对科赫韦泽在选举中的运作持保留意见，不会支持他的任命。collision “冲突，碰撞”；motivation “动机，原因”；reservation “保留(意见)，异议”；expectation “预期，期望”。7A句意：强有力的证据证明父爱的缺失会增加青少年吸毒和犯罪的可能性。absence “缺席，不在”；disappearance “消失，灭绝”；attention “注意力”；concern “担心，担忧”。8D句意：乔布斯曾经把他的哲学描述为努力生产出艺术与科技完美结合的产品。technology “科技”；geography “地理”；biology “生物”；philosophy “哲学”。9A句意：中国政府愿意同其他国家一起采取有效措施来实现两性平等，女性自主和共建和谐社会的目标。equality “平等”；quantity “数量”；quality “质量”；hostility “敌意，敌视”。10C句意：东西方文化之间存在明显差异。contrast“差异，对比”；content“内容，目录”；contract“合同，契约”；contact“接触，联系”。11C句意：玉在中国文化中享有很高的地位，奖牌则是奥运会中最重要的奖品，所以金镶玉就是展现北京奥运会最完美的结合。connection“联系”；cooperation“合作”；combination“结合，联合，组合”；composition“作文，构图”。12D句意：现在学生们上重点大学只是为了得到一份正式的文凭，这将有助于他们在将来找到一份合适的工作。conservation“保护，管理”；preparation“准备”；graduation“毕业”；qualification“资格证明”。13D句意：两国达成一致协议，它们不再彼此攻伐。treatment“待遇，处理，治疗”；conclusion“结论，总结”；fortune“运气，好运”；agreement“协议，协定”。14B句意：我们可以得出这样的结论任何阻碍历史车轮前进的意图终将会失败。ambition“雄心，野心”；intention“意图，打算”；demand“要求”；appeal“呼吁，恳求”。15B句意：总统将他的成功归功于自身所受的教育和想要有所成就的强烈愿望而不是特权。regulation“规章，规定”；privilege“特权，优惠”；arrangement“安排”；compromise“妥协，和解”。- 6 -