湖北省2013年高考英语二轮复习 专题整合突破四 介词和介词短语.doc

2013年高考第二轮复习英语湖北版 专题整合突破四、介词和介词短语真题试做1(2012湖北高考，25)The furniture，with its modern style and bright colors，suits modern houses and their gardens，but looks_in the garden of a traditional home.Aout of question Bout of orderCout of sight Dout of place2(2011湖北高考，30)When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster，many teachers would prefer to see him step aside _ younger men.Ain terms of Bin need ofCin favor of Din praise of3(2010湖北高考，30)It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money _ favors to them.Ain preference to Bin place ofCin agreement with Din exchange for4(2009湖北高考，30)His efforts to raise money for his program were_because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.Ain place Bin sight Cin effect Din vain考向分析湖北高考对介词的考查主要集中在介词短语的用法上，从近四年的湖北高考试题该部分来看，前三年都集中考查了介词in构成的介词短语的辨析，但2012年高考却考查了介词out of构成的短语的辨析，因此考生在复习备考时应注意以下几点：1注意形式很多情况下作为选项的四个介词短语在结构形式上具有相似性，都是由相同介词不同名词构成的介词短语。形虽相似，意却不同。所以在做题时应注意辨别它们的含义，结合具体语境选出正确答案。2注意搭配介词是最活跃的词类之一，同一介词可以和不同词性的词搭配构成不同形式和含义的介词短语，如介词in构成的介词短语有以下几种形式：inn.；inn.of；inadj.等，考生在备考过程中要注意归纳总结常见介词构成的介词短语的含义。3注意语境湖北高考对介词短语的考查的主要特点是形相似，意不同。四个结构相似的介词短语，其意义往往区别很大，这时我们一定要结合具体语境来进行选择。热点例析一、常考介词的用法1for与of表示不定式复合结构的逻辑主语(1)It isadj.of sb.to do sth.sb.be adj.to do sth.当形容词是表示人的属性的词汇时介词用of。常见的此类形容词有：kind，good，nice，clever，stupid，foolish，considerate，polite，impolite，cruel等。如：It is kind of them to help support the poor students.They are kind to help support the poor students.他们帮忙资助贫困生真是太好了。(2)It isadj.for sb.to do sth.当形容词是表示客观属性的词汇时介词用for。常见的此类形容词有：important，necessary，possible，impossible等。如：It is quite important for us to protect our environment.对我们来说，保护环境相当重要。2with的用法(1)with的复合结构with名词/代词He lay awake on the bed，with his eyes wide open.他醒着躺在床上，眼睛睁得大大的。(2)表示原因或理由She was shivering with cold.她冷得发抖。His face was red with anger.他气得脸通红。(3)表示两种事物之间的相应关系或齐头并进With time passing，they have grown into big boys and girls.随着时间的流逝，他们都长成小伙子和大姑娘了。Temperatures vary with the time of the year.温度随着时令而变化。3to与情感名词连用，表示“某种行动后产生的感觉”，意为“令某人的是”toone'sto theof sb.这种表达法表示结果，用作状语，放在句前、句中、句后皆可。为了强调，可在前面加much，great等。如：To my great surprise，some of my former students have suddenly come to see me today.让我大为吃惊的是，我以前的一些学生今天突然来看我。二、常考的介词短语1与介词at相关的短语at the beginning of 在的开始at the cost of 以的代价at the price of 以的价格at the end of 在的最后at the mercy of 在支配下；任由摆布at/on the point of 在时刻at the risk of 冒的险at last 最后，终于at the sight of 一看到就at length 终于，最后，详细地2与介词in相搭配的短语in cash 用现金付的in need 在困难时，在贫困之中in need of 需要in want of 需要in place of 代替，取代in case(of) 以防，万一in praise of 赞扬，赞美in honor of 为纪念in memory of 为纪念in spite of 不管，不顾，尽管in favor of 支持，赞同in the name of 以的名义，凭借in the eyes of 在看来in terms of 就而言in celebration of 为庆祝in return 作为回报in short 总之，简言之in addition to 除了之外in doubt 感到疑惑，难以确定in effect 实际上，生效in shape 处于良好状态，健康的in order 井井有条的，有序的in turn 依次，替换in store 准备着，贮藏着in public 公开地，当众in vain 徒劳，白费in the hope of 怀着的期望in charge of 管理in the charge of 在的管理下in consequence of 由于in contrast with 与相比in trouble 在困难中in comfort 舒适的in the direction of 在方向in no case 绝不in no time 立刻in sight 看得见in debt 负债in difficulty 处在困难中3与介词by相关的短语by accident 偶尔by chance 偶然by design 故意地by heart 熟记by turns 轮流by no means 决不by mistake 错误地by the way 顺便说by way of 经由by means of 用的方法/方式4与介词on相搭配的短语on account of 因为on behalf of 代表on the occasion of 在时on condition that 在的条件下on show 在展出on display 陈列on sale 出售on strike 在罢工on fire 着火on line 在线上on duty/guard 在值班on trial 在受审on exhibition 在展览on business 因公on foot 步行on purpose 故意地on the phone/radio 在电话/收音机中on the spot 当场，在现场on a trip/journey/tour 在旅行5与out of相关的短语out of curiosity 出于好奇out of reach 够不着out of date 过期了out of order 发生故障out of patience 失去耐心out of work 失业out of control 失控out of question 毫无疑问out of reach 够不着out of the question 不可能out of danger 脱险out of fashion 不合时尚out of luck 倒霉out of touch 联系不上out of breath 气喘吁吁out of shape 变形out of sight 看不见out of balance 失衡out of range 超出范围out of trouble 摆脱困难6其他常考介词短语和短语介词for the sake of 为了，为了的利益according to 根据apart from 除之外because of 由于instead of 代替，而不是owing to 由于due to 由于regardless of 不理会，不顾far from 远非，完全不是next to 其次，紧接着for one thing 一方面as a matter of fact 事实上as well as 也，还except for 除之外as a result 结果as a consequence 结果on the contrary 相反as for 至于as to 关于beyond recognition 无法辨认beyond description 无法描述beyond doubt 不用怀疑beyond question 无可争辩beyond reach 够不到误区警示1“介词短语辨析”易错点You'd sound a lot more polite if you make a request _ a question.Ain search of Bin the form ofCin need of Din the direction of【错混透析】 Bin search of“寻找”；in the form of“以的形式”；in need of“需要”；in the direction of“朝的方向”。句意：如果你以问题的形式提出要求的话，听起来会有礼貌得多。答案为B项。考生如果对这几个介词短语的词义不了解的话，就无从下手。【解题指导】近几年湖北高考多项选择题对介词的考查一直都集中在考查介词短语辨析上。尤其热衷于考查同一介词不同名词(介词)所构成的介词短语的意义的考查。做这类题目时，考生首先要掌握介词所构成的介词短语、习惯用语或固定搭配的准确意义；然后结合具体语境、语法结构、搭配、意义和上下文进行全盘考虑，选出正确答案。2介词“书写模式化”易错点He wasn't aware of the importance of review；_，he failed to pass the exam.Aas the result Bin a consequenceCas a result Das the result of【错混透析】 C在这四个选项中有三个选项出现书写错误，这三个选项分别为A、B、D三项，正确形式分别是：as a result “结果”；in consequence“因此，所以”；as a result of“作为的结果”，of后常接名词。故只有C项正确。句意：他没有意识到复习的重要性，结果没能通过考试。【解题指导】 介词短语在书写时一定要注意它的冠词的搭配及名词的单复数，有些介词短语中名词要用复数，如：in ruins，in pieces；有些介词短语中的冠词只能用不定冠词，如as a result，in a word；有些介词短语不能加冠词，如：at first sight，in public等；有些介词短语有冠词和没有冠词时意义有区别，如in charge“负责，掌管”，表主动，而in the charge of“由掌管”，表被动。所以考生平时记忆和书写时一定要细致。1(2012湖北七市联考)Currently，some overseas universities are simply selling diplomas to Chinese students _ their academic performance，so China should check in a regular basis.Aon account of Bin addition toCregardless of Din relation to2(2012武汉统招适应)After the break，the lecturer went on to talk _ about the new academic concept.Aat length Bin all Cin turn Dat most3(2012武汉四月调研)In order not to get disturbed，I spent three hours locked in my study，_ the next day's interview.Ain anxiety for Bin preparation for Cin exchange for Din answer for4(2012湖北八校二次联考)Although police could be seen everywhere，they seemed to be searching the houses almost _.Aat ease Bat random Cat risk Dat length5(2012湖北襄阳三月调研)It is worth noting that women's earnings are well below men's _ educational differences that are narrowing between the two sexes.Ain terms of Bin favor of Cin case of Din spite of6(2012湖北襄阳十二月调研)China won't act as Santa Claus again in the world's financial crisis，and there's no other candidate _ to play the role.Ain sight Bin store Cin place Din peace7(2012湖北八校一次联考)Jane's always nervous when she has to make a speech；she must accustom herself to be _ when she is with people.Aat ease Bin disguise Cat risk Din relief8(2012武汉武昌一月调研)Funding arrangements are already _，with which the scientists can go on with the further research.Ain order Bin demand Cin place Din relief9(2012武汉二月调研)Nowadays more and more people are advised to arrange for insurance _ that they or their family members need medical care.Ain order Bin needCin case Din hope10(2012湖北八市三月联考)I think he is taking an active part in social work.I agree with you _.Ain the way Bon the way Cby the way Din a way11(2012武汉五月供题二)After the earthquake I went there，I saw the whole town _，and now everything has been changed.Ain ruins Bin poverty Cin disorder Din rags12(2012武汉五月供题三)Once the puzzle is finished，there's a special treat _：Mickey and his friends will move around，speaking and singing well­known songs your children will love.Ain hand Bin need Cin charge Din store13(2012武汉五月模拟)The determined boy made it to the finishing line first _ the fact that he got his knee injured.Ain memory of Bin charge of Cin danger of Din spite of14(2012武汉武昌五月调研)Most of the educators are _ providing more freedom to the teenagers，believing that it may make them more creative and independent.Ain favor of Bin search of Cin charge of Din need of15(2012华中师大一附中五月模拟)_ the boss is in favor of the scheme, but he thinks improvements need to be made in many aspects.AOn the whole BIn a way CAs a result DFor the moment参考答案四、介词和介词短语命题调研·明晰考向真题试做1D句意：这些家具有着现代的式样和明亮的颜色，适合现代的房子和庭院，但在一个传统的家庭庭院里看起来就不合适了。out of question“毫无疑问”；out of order“有毛病，出故障”；out of sight“看不见的”；out of place“不合适，不协调”。2Cin terms of“就而言，从而论”；in need of “需要”；in favor of“支持，拥护，赞成”；in praise of“称赞，表扬”。句意：许多老师在被问及对校长的评价时，都表示更愿意看到他能支持并让位于那些年纪较小者。故用in favor of。3D句意：行政官员对别人施以恩惠作为交换条件，向对方索取钱财的行为是非法的。in preference to“优先于”；in place of“替代，替换”；in agreement with“同意，与一致”；in exchange for“交换”。4Din place“在合适的地方”；in sight“在视野内”；in effect“生效”；in vain“徒劳”。根据后面句意“没有人愿意从口袋里掏一分钱”可知是“化为泡影”。句意：他想为他的计划筹措资金的努力化为了泡影，因为没有一个人愿意从自己的口袋里拿出一分钱。创新模拟·预测演练1C句意：当前，一些海外大学只是将文凭卖给中国的学生而不考虑他们的学术表现，所以中国应定期对其登记检查。on account of “因为，由于” ；in addition to“除了之外，另外”；regardless of “不管，不顾，不理会” ；in relation to“与有关系”。2A句意：休息一会儿后，演讲者继续详细地谈论了新的学术概念。at length“详细地，详尽地”；in all“总计，总共”；in turn“反过来”；at most“至多”。3B句意：为了不受打扰，我把自己锁在书房三个小时为明天的面试做准备。in preparation for “为做准备”；in exchange for“作为交换”。4B句意：尽管到处都是警察，但他们看起来似乎是漫无目的地搜索着房子。at random“随意地，任意地，漫无目的地”；at ease “放松地”；at risk“处于危险中”；at length“详尽的”。5D句意：值的关注的是尽管两性之间受教育的差距在慢慢变小，但女性所挣得要远少于男性。in terms of“就而言”；in favor of“支持，赞成”；in case of“以防，万一”；in spite of“尽管，纵使”。6A句意：中国将不会再在世界经济危机中充当圣诞老人的角色，并且看来也没有其他国家愿意担当此任。in sight“看得见，在望”。in store“准备着”；in place“在适当的位置”；in peace“安静，平静”。7A句意：当简不得不当众演说时她总是会很紧张，所以她必须让自己习惯于面对众人时尽量放松。at ease“不拘束，自由自在，放松”；in disguise“乔装，假扮”；at risk“处于危险中”；in relief“如释重负的”。8C句意：资金已经安排到位，有了钱科学家们就可以继续进行进一步的研究了。in order“井然有序的”；in demand“有需要的，受欢迎的”；in place“在适当的位置”；in relief“如释重负”。9C句意：目前越来越多的人被建议购买保险以防他们或他们的家庭成员需要医疗照顾。in order“井然有序的”；in need“在困难中”；in case“以防，万一”。10D句意：我认为他正积极地参加社会活动。在某种程度上我同意你。in a way“在某种程度上”；in the way“妨碍的，挡道的”；on the way“在路上，在途中”；by the way“顺便说一下”。11A句意：地震后我去那儿看到整个城镇成为一片废墟，现在一切都变了。in ruins“成为废墟”；in rags“衣衫褴褛”。12D句意：字谜游戏一结束，还有一场特别的消遣等着大家米奇和他的朋友们将会一边走动一边说唱你们的孩子会喜欢的一些有名的歌曲。in hand“在手头上，在控制中”；in need“在困难中”；in charge“主管，负责”；in store“预备着，即将来临”。13D句意：尽管他的膝盖受伤了，但这个意志坚定的男孩仍然设法第一个到达终点线。in memory of“为纪念”；in charge of“负责，主管”；in danger of“处于危险中”；in spite of“尽管，纵使”。14A句意：大多数教育学家都赞同给青少年提供更多的自由，他们相信这可以使青少年们更具创造力且变得更独立。in favor of“支持，赞成”；in search of“寻找，搜寻”；in charge of“负责，主管”；in need of“需要”。15A句意：老板基本上同意了这个方案，但他认为还有许多方面需要改进。on the whole“基本上，大体上”；in a way“在某种程度上”；as a result “结果”；for the moment“目前，暂时”。- 8 -