2021年中考英语真题分类汇编之形容词的用法.docx
2021年中考英语真题分类汇编之形容词的用法一.选择题(共10小题)(2021 阜新)Nothing is if you put your heart into it.()A. impossibleB.usefulC.differentD.necessary(2021 铁岭)The boy is so that he makes few mistakes in English grammar.()A. strictB.carefulC.activeD.patient(2021 辽阳)Our teacher often warns us it's to leave much personal information on theInternet.()A. interestingB. excitingC. difficultD. dangerous(2021 阜新)Mike lives from school of all the students, so he always takes a bus toschool.()A. farB. fartherC. furtherD. the farthest(2021 丹东)- -I think this book is than that one.-You're right.I prefer that one.()A. more popularB. more usefulC. less interestingD. less boring(2021 鞍山)-Do you want to buy the chair?-No.I want to buy a bigger one because it may be much.()A. quickerB. more comfortableC. more comfortablyD. more quickly(2021 朝阳)Jane has become than before.She can express herself in public now.( )A. much outgoingB. most outgoingC. more outgoingD. less outgoing(2021 大连)Now people can send messages with their voices.lt is than using akeyboard.()A. fastB. faster【分析】 More and more people want to be volunteers.【解答】根据题干,可知考查:more and more pe叩le越来越多的人;want to do sth想做 某事。由句意可知时态是一般现在时。故答案为 More and more people want to be volunteers.【点评】做这类题型,首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写,再结 合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化。20. (2021 盘锦)老师为我们在学业上取得的进步感到骄傲。The teacher is proud of our progress on school work.【考点】汉译英.【分析】The teacher is proud of our progress on school work.【解答】be proud of为感至自豪;The teacher第三人称单数,后跟is。根据句意”老师 为我们在学业上取得的进步感到骄傲。”和语法可知用一般现在时。故答案为:is roud ofo【点评】汉译英,需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等,来选择合适的单词或者短语, 构成合乎语法、句意完整的句子。21. (2021大连)用方框内所给词或短语的适当形式完成下面短文.hour , long, careful , girl, reply , beMy friend, Robert, has a twin sister named Amanda.Though they get along well, there (1) are some things about Amanda and her friends that puzzle (困扰)Robert.He can't understand how girls can talk for so (2) long .For example, sometimes when he leaves home to play football, Amanda and her friend, Sharon, are sitting on the sofa, talking.When he comes back two and a half (3) hours later, theyYe still staying in the same place, continuing the same conversation on the same topic.One day Robert was so curious (好奇的) that he asked Amanda what they talked about, but she (4) replied > "We're best friends.We talk about almost everything一 film stars, pop songs, recipes, everything!1'Boys and girls have different attitudes (态度) towards friendship.Friendships between girls are usually based on shared feelings and support (支持),but friendships between boys are based on shared activities or interests.A boy might be (5) careful about sharing his feelings with his close friends.A (6) girl s closest friend, however, might be eager (急 切的) to tell her about something that has happened in her life.【考点】选词填空.【分析】短文大意是通过一对双胞胎兄妹的事来说男孩和女孩对友谊的不同态度。【解答】(Dare,考查的是系动词,根据句意:有一些关于阿曼达和她的朋友的事,things 是名词复数,前面要用are,故填写:are。(2) long,考查的是形容词,根据句意:他不明白女孩子怎么能说这么久,long长久之 意,故填写:long。(3)hours,考查的是名词,根据句意:两个半小时后他回来hour是可数名词复数为hours, 故填写:hours o(4) implied,考查的是动词,根据句意:他问阿曼达他们谈了什么,但她回答,前后时 态一致前面是一般过去时态后面也要用一般过去时态,reply的过去式为replied,故填写: replied o(5) careful,考查的是形容词,根据句意:一个男孩在和他的密友提供他的感受时可能 会很小心,be后面要加形容词作表语,careful形容词,小心的。故填写:carefulo(6) girl "s,考查的是名词所有格,根据句意:然而,一个女孩的密友可能会很急切的 告诉她生活中发生的事,名词词所有格女孩的,故填写:girl "so【点评】通读全文,理解文章大意,紧密结合上下文判断句意,根据句意判断空格处词 义,根据相关知识点写出词语的正确形式,完成后再次阅读查看语意是否正确。考点卡片1 .单词填空【考查能力介绍】单词填空题在历年各地中考都有考查,此题考点涉及面广,从词汇到语法,从固定搭配到对 篇章的整体把握对学生都有较高的要求.该题型旨在考查学生的英语基础知识和综合运用英 语的能力.常见的题型有以下几种:用所给词的适当形式填空.这一题型主要考查单词在不同语境中的词形变化,如名词的单 复数、动词的时态、不同词性之间的变换、基数词和序数词的运用、形容词和副词的等级、 词汇的惯用法等等都是它的考查内容.【例 1 T think English is very useful. Are you (interest) in it?分析:所给的interest为动词,根据习惯表达be interested in可知,应填interest的形容词 interested.根据汉语提示填空.这一题型主要考查学生的单词拼写能力及词形变化、语法知识运用和 词组区分能力等;考查范围几乎涉及所有词性,以实词考查为主,虚词考查较少.【例】Messi (得分)a winning goal in the second half of the match.【考点】翻译填空.【分析】梅西在下半场的比赛中打进制胜一球.【解答】答案:scored考查翻译填空.句意:梅西在下半场的比赛中打进制胜一球.根据汉 语提示及其英语句子,可知要翻译的局部为:得分.英语表达是score,句子是一般过去时, 故答案为scored.【点评】做这类题型,首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写,再结合相 关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化.根据首字母提示填空.这种试题的首字母已给,所填的就必须是该字母开头的单词.这既 是一种限制,又是一种提示.它不仅考查学生在词汇、语法等方面的基础知识,还考查理解、 推导、分析等综合能力.【例 1 The boys have m all the skills of that game.【考点】首字母填空.【分析】男孩已经掌握那个游戏的所有技能.【解答】答案:mastered.跳过空格推知句意是掌握了技能,故用动词master,结合have 和句意表达的动作发生在过去,对现在造成一定的影响,故用现在完成时have/has+过去分 词,故答案是mastered.【点评】现在完成时有两种用法1.过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果或到现在 为止已经发生或完成的动作.2.表示过去发生的、持续到现在的动作或状态.选词填空.这一题型往往给出几个不同的选项和不同的句子,要求考生对号入座,根据语 法知识和构词法规那么选出适当词汇,写出正确的答案,考查考生具体运用语言知识的能力.因 篇幅有限,不再举例.以文章形式出现的词语运用题和其他题型.对于单词填空的考查并不单一是句子填空,也 有短文填空,都是题型不变的基础上考查方式做了变化,难易程度不一.除了上述几种题目 形式外,单词填空有时也涉及根据音标填空,对音标的掌握情况做出考查.【解题方法点拨】对于用所给词的适当形式填空,答题时要做到:A.明确所给词的词性;B.弄清所给句 子的意思;C.确定空白处所需的词性D.正确写出所填的词.对于根据汉语提示填空,答题时要做到:A.根据汉语提示弄清所考查的词汇;B.结合 语境做出合乎语法和惯用法的词形变化;C.填写拼写正确的单词.对于根据首字母提示填空,答题时要做到:A.根据前后句子理解句子大意,推出设空处 的大致意思;B.根据首字母提示确定所需单词;C.在注意词性和语法变化的基础上填写 拼写正确的适当形式.对于选词填空,答题时要做到:A.看备选项,对词汇意义做初步了解;B.浏览题目, 根据题目需要去备选项中寻找匹配答案;C.选定词汇后要根据语境、语法等来做出适当形 式变化再填空.对于短文填空,答题时要在理解上下文的基础上根据基本方法做出解答.【中考命题方向】中考命题对于单词填空的考查是历年来的重点,各地考查形式不一,但万变不离其宗,都是 对词汇知识的运用能力的综合考查.考查方式有首字母填空(如武汉、上海等);适当形式 填空(如山东、四川等);词语运用题(如河南等);等等.2 .形容词的比拟级和最高级【概念】形容词的比拟级和最高级:比拟级就是将二者进行比拟产生的词形,是由形容词原级转化而来的,一般是在原级后面加er,也有一些不规那么的转化,比方good - better, bad - worse等等.相对二者的比拟,还有 三者及以上的比拟,这时就产生了最高级.在英语中通常用以下方式表示的词:在形容词前 加more或加后缀-er.典型的是指形容词所表示的质、量或关系的增加.英语句子中,将 比拟两个主体的方法叫做''比拟句型二其中,像”A比B更”的表达方式称为比拟级.组成 句子的方式是将形容词变化成比拟级的形态.【结构】形容词比拟级和最高级规那么变化原那么.构成方法原级比拟级最高级单音节词和少数双音fastfasterfastest节词在词尾加-er或longlongerlongest-estsmartsmartersmartest以字母e结尾的形容nicenicernicest词,加-r或-stlatelaterlatest重读闭音节,词尾只有bigbiggerbiggest个辅音字母时,应先hothotterhottest双写辅音字母,再加-thinthinnerthinnester 或一estfatfatterfattest以辅音字母+y结尾的easyeasiereasiest双音节词,先改“y”为happyhappierhappiestV,再加-er或-esthealthyhealthierhealthiest局部双音节词和多音tiredmore tiredmost tired节词在前面加more或carefulmore carefulmost carefulmostbeautifulmore beautifulmost beautifulimportantmore importantmost importantmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleast不规那么变化Goodbetterbestbad/illworseworstfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest【用法】一、形容词比拟级的用法:1 .表示两者进行比拟时用形容词比拟级,最明显的提示词是than,其结构为”A+比拟级 +than+B”.例:Li Lei's room is bigger than mine.李雷的房间比我的大.This mooncake is nicer than that one.这块月饼 比那块好吃.注意:为了防止重复,在从句中常用the one, that, those等词来替代前面出现过的名词.其 中the one替代可数名词单数形式,the ones或those替代可数名词复数形式,that替代不可 数名词.例:The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter.北京的天气比广州的天气冷.2 .表示“两者之间最个(of the two) ”时,常用" the+比拟级”结构.例:Mary is the taller of the twins.Mary是双胞胎中的高个子.3 .表示“越来越二用比拟级重叠结构,即”比拟级+and+比拟级”,多音节词和局部双音节 词时用"more and more+形容词原级例:It's getting warmer and warmer in spring.春天天气变得越来越暖和.Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的家乡越来越漂亮了.4 .表示”越就越”时,用"the+比拟级,the+比拟级”结构.例:The more we get together, the happier well be.我们越是在一起,就越开心.二、形容词最高级的用法:表示三者或三者以上(人或物)的比拟,其中有一个超过其他几个.形容词最高级前要加the, 后面通常带。f (in)短语来说明比拟的范围(of后的名词或代词表示与主语属同一类;in表 示时间或空间范围).在我们班上他最高. Miho is the youngest student because she was born later than anyone else in her class.玛丽是这三个学生中最小的.Mary is the tallest among the three students.【中考命题方向】中考英语试题常考查形容词,形容词等级是考查的重点.对形容词等级的考查主要出现在单 项选择题中.3.形容词词义辨析【概念】形容词:形容词是描述人和事物特征、性质、属性或状态的一种词类.主要用来修饰名词或代词.【常见形容词的辨析】good, well, nice, fine:good是涵义最广的常用词,属一般用语,主要指”人的品质好”或“东西的质量好”等意 思.如:Milk is good for children.牛奶对儿童有益.John is a good worker.约翰是一名好工人.nice带有一定的感情色彩,着重强调人们的感觉,含有“漂亮的“、“美妙的”、“美味的”等 意思,也可表示对人"友好和蔼如:The chips are nice.这些炸土豆条很好吃.Nice to meet you .很高兴见到您.fine侧重于表示“质量精细“、“身体健康”,还可以表示“天气晴”等意,语气比good重.如:-How are you?你身体好吗? - Fine, thank you.很好,谢谢你.It is a fine day today.今天天气晴朗.well常用作副词,修饰动词,也可用作形容词(仅作表语),表示“身体好“、“健康的“、” 顺利的'等意.如:My grandma is very well.我奶奶身体很好.Liu Ning speaks English well.刘 宁英语讲得很好.1. tall 与 high; short 与 low:说人、动物、树木等有生命的东西,要用tall,不用high,如a tall woman 一个高个子妇 女.high表示不与地面接触的人或物的高,或人站在桌子上、飞机飞上天空的高度等.如: He is high up in the tree.他高高地爬在树上.The plane is so high in the sky.飞机在空中这么高.指建筑物、山时用tall或high都可以,不过high的程度比tall高.high可作副词,tall不能.tall的反义词为short, high的反义词为low.指人(树、楼)的个子时用tall与short;指其他事物(含价格price时)一般用high与low.如: He's very tall/short.他个子高/矮.Tall trees are standing on both sides of that avenue.大道的 两侧有高大的树木.A few people live on high mountains.少量的人住在高山上.2. real true:real指客观上存在,并非想象和虚构的,它是与“无“相对而言.如:Mo Yanfs real name is Guan Moye.莫言的真名字是管谟业.true是指“真正的“,“真实的”,强调事实和实际情况相符,它是与“假”相对而言.如:The news is true.这消息是真的.(不是假消息)interested 与 interesting:interesting指人或东西”有趣的”,作定语或表语,而interested那么表示人对别的事物”感兴趣 的",只能作表语(excited/exciting; bored/boring 等类似).如:The teacher is very interesting and all the children like him.那个老师很有趣,孩子们都喜 欢他.This cartoon movie is really interesting. Most kids like it.这部卡通电影确实有意思.大局部 孩子都喜欢.Li Lei is very interested in physics.李磊对物理非常感兴趣.3. whole 与 all:记住两个词序:the whole+名词;all (of) the+名词.如:He was busy the whole morning.整个早晨他都很忙.He can remember all the words he learns.他能记住学过的所有单词.4. lonely 与 alone:lonely是表示心理活动的形容词,意思是”孤独的,寂寞的,荒凉的”,作定语或表语;alone 的意思是“单独的,单独的”,指无人陪伴,仅作表语,作为副词的alone可作状语.如:He lives alone but he doesn't feel lonely.他一人独住,但是并不感到孤独.He is a lonely person. You can not easily get on well with him.他是个孤独的人,你要和他相处好实在不易.5. sick 与 ill:sick和in都表示“生病的“,但是sick可以作定语、表语,而ill只能做表语.如: He has been ill/sick for a long time and he is very weak now.他病了很久,现在非常虚弱.Vets help treat sick pets and most of the pets owners like them.【中考命题方向】近几年中考对形容词词义辨析的考查为必考点.在单项选择局部是偶考点.有时会涉及对某 一类形容词词义辨析的考查,如性格描述类.在完形填空局部是必考点,越来越注重在具体 语言环境下词义的区别,解答此类试题要知道不同的形容词所表达的具体含义.4. ing形容词和ed形容词【概念】-ing形容词和-ed形容词:英语中,有一局部动词通过在词尾加上-ing或-ed可变成形容词,但通过这两种形式所构 成的形容词在意义上是不相同的.原那么上说,- ing形容词表示主动意义,- ed形容词表示 被动意义.【形式】以后缀-ed 结尾的形容词(如 ashamed, delighted, excited, frightened, interested, moved, pleased, surprised, worried等)通常用于说明人,不用于说明事物,即使它们所修饰的名词 是事物,那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人.以后缀-ing 结尾的形容词(如 delighting, exciting, frightening, interesting, moving, surprising, worrying等)主要用于说明事物,表示事物的性质或特征,假设用它们说明人, 那么表示此人具有此性质或特征.【常用的- ing形容词和-ed形容词amazing/amazed :amazing令人惊讶的;amazed感到惊讶的.如:It was an amazing finish to an exciting match. 一场令人激动的比赛有这样的结果,惊人 得很.He was amazed at all the colors and the beautiful of the fish.看到这么多色彩斑斓、美丽的鱼, 他感到非常惊讶.1. boring/bored:boring令人厌烦的;bored感到厌烦的.如:He spent a boring evening with her.他陪她度过了一个百无聊赖的夜晚.The film was so boring that he felt bored.电影很无聊,他感到厌烦.2. exciting/excited:exciting令人兴奋的,令人激动的;excited兴奋的,激动的.如:The exciting news came from the front.这个令人激动的消息来自前线.She was excited to see such a good movie.看到这么好的一部影片她感到兴奋.3. frightening/frightened:frightening惊险的,令人害怕的;frightened受惊的,感到害怕的.如:He said he had not read so frightening a detective novel before.他说以前没看到过这么惊 险的侦探小说.A train was coming near quickly, and the boy was too frightened to move. 火车'快速驶近,男 孩吓得不敢动了.4. moving/moved:moving令人感动的,动人的;moved感动的.如:This is a moving film and we all like seeing it.这是一部动人的电影,我们都喜欢看.We were moved by what she had said.她说的话让我们感动不已.5. pleasing/pleased:pleasing使人愉快的,快活的,惹人喜欢的;pleased欣喜的,满意的.如:The news is pleasing.这消息令人高兴.We were very pleased that we had won the match.赢得比赛我们非常高兴.The boss is pleased with what we have done.老板对我们干的活很满意.C. fastestD. the fastest9 .(2021 营 口)Credit cards (信用卡)matter a lot than before.We usually pay withsmart phones now.()A. littleB. fewerC. lessD. more(2021 营口) The news made him.He didnt fall asleep until midnight.( )A. excited; excitedB. exciting; excitingC. exciting; excitedD. excited; exciting二.词汇应用(共11小题)10. (2021阜新)健康比财富重要。11. (2021鞍山)汤姆和他的哥哥学习一样努力。Tom studies his elder brother.12. (2021 盘锦)It is always pleasant to see children's (sun) smiles.13. (2021 盘锦)In Gretefs mind, Hansel was the (brave) person in the world.14. (2021 大连)Don*t be if he can pass the exam.He works harder than before, (surprise)(2021 大连)Put the books back on the shelf after reading, or dad will be . (happy)15. (2021 丹东)Tina和David工作一样努力吗? ?16. (2021丹东)将来会有越来越多的新技术使我们的生活更便利。 new technologies in the future to make our life more convenient.17. (2021 盘锦)越来越多的人想成为志愿者。18. (2021盘锦)老师为我们在学业上取得的进步感到骄傲。The teacher our progress on schoolwork.19. (2021大连)用方框内所给词或短语的适当形式完成下面短文.hour , long, careful , girl, reply , beMy friend, Robert, has a twin sister named Amanda.Though they get along well, there (1) 友情提示:当pleasing用于人时,常常有”此人主观去讨好别人”的含义,或表示人标致的外表.如:We met a waiter with pleasing manners.我们遇到了个态度讨人喜欢的侍者.He spoke in a pleasing voice.他说话声音悦耳.She has a pleasing figure,她有着优美的体形.7. relaxing/relaxed:relaxing令人放松的,轻松愉悦的;relaxed感到放松的.如:I like those relaxing country songs.我喜欢那些令人放松的乡村音乐.I felt relaxed after the competition.在比赛之后,我感到很放松.8. surprising/surprised: surprising 惊人的; surprised 感到惊奇的.如:Your success is surprising. 你们的成功使人吃惊.I was suiprised at his answer.我对他的回答感到吃惊.9. disappointing/disappointed:disappointing令人失望的;disappointed感到失望的.如:We noticed a disappointing look on her face.我们注意到她脸上一种令人失望的表情.I'm very disappointed with my new bike.我对我的新自行车感到很失望.10. interesting/interested:interesting有趣的;interested感兴趣的.如:The story - book is very interesting.这本故事书很有趣.My classmates are interested in collecting stamps.我的同班同学对收藏邮票感兴趣.【中考命题方向】这些动词中常见的就有 amaze> bore、excite、frighten> interest> move> please> relax> surprise> disappoint等.- ing形容词表示事物本身所具有的特点,着重点是“物”性,即一般情况下主 语为物,译成汉语为“令人的”,在句中既可作定语,又可作表语;-ed形容词表示人的感 觉,着重点是“人”性,即一般情况下主语为人,译成汉语为“感到的二在句中一般只作表 语.5 .选词填空【考查能力介绍】选词填空题要求考生根据句子或短文内容,从备选词中选择正确的单词或短语并用其适当 形式填空.此类考题综合性强,集合了阅读、词汇、语法和完型填空等多题型的测试特点,对考生的 综合能力要求较高.【解题方法点拨】先对备选词做初步了解,在此基础上通读全文,充分理解短文的内容.分析空格处所需单词,先按意思选词,先确定介词、冠词、连词等不发生变化的词和涉及 固定搭配的词;再根据句子结构选词,确定设空处在句子中充当的成分,找出相应词汇做出 正确的变形.完成填词后,应通读全文,检查单词拼写是否正确,是否有时态、语态、惯用法及词语选 用上的错误,以确保答案的正确性.解题步骤(以题为例)thing real find hard beautySome of you might ask, "Are books (1) .interesting? "Believe it or not, books provide many (2) _that televisions or computers cannot. Since books use only words to tell a story, they can improve your imagination. The interesting words and sentences that are used in storytelling usually can*t be (3) _on TV or on websites. They are sometimes so (4) _and moving that they can bring tears to your eyes. Books also help us to think (5) _and deeper. As we continue to read, we ask ourselves questions and try to find answers.Remember: the more you read, the more you grow.第一步需要诠释备选单词,进行预判.thing名词,意为”事物,东西”;real形容词(真的); find实义动词,意为”找到,发现”;hard作形容词意为“硬的,困难的”,作副词意为“努力地 二beauty名词,意为“美丽,美人,第二步需要通读全文,进行预判.根据字面意思可以推出real对应(1), thing对应(2), find 对应(3), beauty 对应(4), hard 对应(5).第三部需要瞻前顾后,根据句子结构,注意词形的变化.(1)修饰形容词要用副词,(2) many之后要用复数,(3)用词的主语是被动关系,要用被动语态,find需变过去分词,(4) 与moving并列要用形容词,(5)与deeper并歹U修饰think要用副词比拟级.根据要求填入 适当形式.最后需要把答案带入文中验证是否正确.【解题技巧】在做阅读填空题时要做到根据语法判定词性,利用语境确定词形,具体要考虑:对于名词,要考虑是否要把名词变成复数或“所有格”形式,还要考虑名词是否需要变成形 容词;对于动词,要考虑时态和语态的变化以及