2022年1月上海市春季高考英语仿真试卷（四）（含答案解析）.docx

2022年1月全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海春考 英语仿真模拟试卷（四）I. Listening Comprehension Section A （第 1-10 题，每题 1 分；第 11-20 题，每题 1.5 分；共 25 分）Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your pape/; and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.l.A.Book.B.Men's suits.C.BagsD. Women's shoes2.A. The woman can't fill out the form at te momentB.The woman can't take a vacation next month.C. The woman should make a request first,D.The woman should have told him earlier.3.A. He is busy writing reportB.He has to drop in on a reporterC.He is now attending a meeting.4.A. Go swimming.C.Buy a new jacket.D.He will meet the man later in the morningB. Climb mountains.D. Watch the weather forecast.5 .A.The man didn't expect the woman to be a great writerB.The woman has taken many pictures at the contestC. The woman is an experienced photographer.D. The man is extremely fond of traveling.6 .A.It started to rain when she was at the beachB.The forecast calls for more rain tomorrow.C. She'd like the man to go to the beach with her.D.She won*t go to the beach tomorrow if it rains.7 .A. She disagrees with the man.8 . She doesn*t enjoy long speeches.9 . She didn't known how long the speech would be.D.She doesn*t have a strong opinion about the speaker.8 .A. She'll consider the man's invitation.B.She doesn't have time to work in a garden.C. She doesn*t want to join the gardening club.D.She was never formally invited to join a chub.9 .A. She*s enjoying the music.B.The music doesn't bother her.C. The music will keep her awakeD.She would prefer a different style of mus temperatures rise”可知，珊瑚变白是一个褪色的过程。故选A。【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在2020年初，大堡礁南部也经历了创纪录的高温。A. accustomed习惯；B. subjected 使遭受；C. elevated 鼓舞；D. adapted 适应。根据“a process in which corals turn white as water temperatures rise - contributed to sleep losses of Barrier Reef in 2016 and 2017.“可知，大堡礁南部经历 了 仓ll 纪录的高温。故选B。45题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员认为，气候变化是珊瑚礁受到干扰的主要原因之一。A. drivers驱动 因素;B. resources 资源；C. consequences 结果；D. aspects 方面。根据“a process in which corals turn white as water temperatures rise - contributed to sleep losses of Barrier Reef in 2016 and 2017.“可知，气候变 化是珊瑚礁受到干扰的驱动因素。故选A。【46题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们在一份声明中说，没有时间可以浪费了。A. lose失去；B. engage从事、 参与；C. attach 贴上;附上；D.launch 发起。根据“We must sharply decrease greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible丁可知，没有时间可以浪费了，应尽快大幅减少温室气体排放。故选A。【47题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管热浪、干旱和火灾不断暴露出美国正受到气候变化的影响，政府还是拒 绝了减少碳排放的呼吁。A. raised提高；B. handled处理;C. received接受；D. resisted抵制。根据 "Researchers were disappointed about what they saw as a lack of attention to the study from government leaders in Australia, the worlds biggest coral exporter.”可知，因为政府缺乏关注，政府拒绝减少碳排放的呼 吁。故选D。【48题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：大堡礁供养着大量的海洋生物，拥有300到400种珊瑚，横跨澳大利亚海岸 绵延数千公里。A. supports 支持，供养；B. undergoes 经历；C. survives 生存；D. accommodates 适应。 根据"has between 300 and 400 coral species and stretches fbr thousands of kilometers across the Australian coast?可知，大堡礁供养着大量的海洋生物。故选A。【49题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：德隆波克皮尔说：“你从太空都能看到它。"A. literally真正地；B. alternatively 二者择一地；C. automatically 自动地；D. particularly 尤其。根据"The Great Barrier Reef, which a vast array of marine life, has between 300 and 400 coral species and stretches for thousands of kilometersacross the Australian coast."可知，大堡礁横跨澳大利亚海岸绵延数千公里，所以能够真正地从太空看到。 故选Ao【50题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他说，世界各地的珊瑚礁为旅游业贡献了数十亿美元，为鱼类提供栖息地, 养活了地球上近1。亿人口。A. responsible负责的；B. profitable有益的；C. available可利用的；D. sustainable 可持续的。be responsible for 对 负责。根据"and provide habitats fbr fish that feed close to one billion people on the planet, he said.”可知，珊瑚礁为旅游业做出数十亿美元的贡献。故选A。51题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但他说，人们不应该对珊瑚礁的未来感到绝望，即使他们在等待世界领导 人采取更积极的措施来控制气候变化的影响。A. suspicious可疑的；B. hesitant迟疑的；C. hopeless绝望 的；D. careless 粗心的。根据“even as they wait fbr world leaders to take more steps to control the effectsof climate change.”可知，波克皮尔教授认为人们不应该对珊瑚礁的未来感到绝望。故选C。【52题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但他说，人们不应该对珊瑚礁的未来感到绝望，即使他们在等待世界领导 人采取更积极的措施来控制气候变化的影响。A. exclusive排外的;B. aggressive有进取心的;C.oppressive 压抑的；D. excessive过分的。根据空后“to control the effects of climate change.”可知,人们在等待世界领 导人采取更积极的措施来控制气候变化的影响。故选B。【53题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：根据波克皮尔教授和他所在大学的其他研究人员进行的一项研究，例如在地 方层面，氮污染可以通过减少化肥和污水径流来控制，氮污染会加剧退化。A. for example例如；B. in fact 事实上；C. on the contrary 相反；D. in turn 轮流。根据"nitrogen （氮）pollution 一 which fading 一 canbe controlled by reducing fertilizer and sewage runoff,"可知，这里对波克皮尔教授和他所在大学的其他研究 人员进行研究的举例。故选A。【54题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据波克皮尔教授和他所在大学的其他研究人员进行的一项研究，例如在地 方层面，氮污染可以通过减少化肥和污水径流来控制，氮污染会加剧退化。A. strengthens力n强;B. weakens 削弱；C. worsens 恶化；D. exaggerates 夸大。根据"can be controlled by reducing fertilizer and sewage runoff,“ 可知，氮污染会加剧退化。故选C。【55题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:如果我们不继续破坏它们，它们就会恢复。Ainherit继承；B.recover恢复;C. grow 增长；D. prosper 兴旺。根据“"The other thing that we need to take away is that coral reefs are amazing resilient/ he said.”和“If we don*t continually damage them,”可知，珊瑚礁通过复原能力而自我恢复。故选BoSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the infortnation given in the passage you have just read.(A)I once had my Chinese MBA students brainstorming on "two-hour business plans." I separated them into six groups and gave them an example: a restaurant chain. The more original their ideas, the better, I said. Finally, five of the six groups presented plans for restaurant chains. The sixth proposed a catering service. Though I admitted the time limit had been difficult, I expressed my disappointment.My students were middle managers, financial analysts and financiers from state-owned enterprises and global companies. They were without talent or opinions, but they had been shaped by an educational system that rarely stressed or rewarded critical thinking or inventiveness. The scene I just described came in different forms during my two years teaching at the school. Papers were often copied from the Web and the Harvard Business Review. Case study debates were written up and just memorized. Students frequently said that copying is a superior business strategy, better than inventing and creating.In China, every product you can imagine has been made and sold. But so few well-developed marketing and management minds have been raised that it will be a long time before most people in the world can name a Chinese brand.With this problem in mind, partnerships with institutions like Yale and MIT have been established. And then there's the "thousand talent scheme." this new government program is intended to improve technological modernization by attracting top foreign-trained scientists to the mainland with big money. But there are worries about China's research environment. It's hardly known for producing independent thinking and openness, and even big salary offers may not be attractive enough to overcome this.At last, for China, becoming a major world creator is not just about setting up partnership with top western universities. Nor is it about gathering a group of well-educated people and telling them to think creatively. Its about establishing a rich learning environment for young minds. It*s not that simple.56 . Why does the writer feel disappointed at his students?A. Because there is one group presenting a catering service.B. Because the six groups did not cooperate well in the brainstorm.C. Because all the students copied a case for the difficult topic.D. Because the students* ideas were lacking in creativeness.57 Which of the following scenes is NOT considered as lack of creation?A. Papers were often downloaded from the Internet.B. Students often said that copying is a preferable business strategy.C. Students combine knowledge and critical thoughts to solve a problem.D. Case study debates were written up as well as recited.58 We can infer form the passage that.A. China can make and sell any product all over the world from its own creation.B. high pay may not solve the problem of China*s research environment.C. cooperation with institutions has been set up to make a Chinese brand.D. the new government program is aimed at encouraging imagination.59 . Which is the best title for the passage?A. Look for a new way of learningB. Reward creative thinkingC. How to become a creatorD. Establish a technical environment【答案】56. D 57. C 58. B 59. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己在一线教育工作的经验看出中国的教育制度存在的一些问 题，学生不能独立思考问题做作业去网上或者其他的地方找答案，学生缺乏创造性，作者指出有了丰富 的学习环境，及新的学习方法，才能有创造性的研究氛围。【56题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“They were without talent or opinions, but they had been shaped by an educational system that rarely stressed or rewarded critical thinking or inventiveness.（他们没有天赋，也没有观点，但他 们受到了一个很少强调或奖励批判性思维或创造性的教育体系的影响）”可知，学生的观点缺乏创造力， 对于这一点作者感到失望，故选D。【57题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“They were without talent or opinions, but they had been shaped by an educational system that rarely stressed or rewarded critical thinking or inventiveness.（他们没有天赋，也没有观点，但他们受到了一个很少强调或奖励批判性思维或创造性的教育体系的影响广可推知，C选项“学生结合知识和 批判性思维来解决问题''并非缺乏创意。故选C。【58题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中"But there are worries about China's research environment. Ifs hardly known for producing independent thinking and openness, and even big salary offers may not be attractive enough to overcome this.(但也有人担心中国的研究环境。它很难培养独立思考和开放的思想，即使高薪也不足以吸 引你克服这一点)“可推知，高薪可能无法解决中国科研环境的问题。故选B。【59题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段"At last, fbr China, becoming a major world creator is not just about setting up partnership with top western universities. Nor is it about gathering a group of well-educated people and telling them to think creatively. It's about establishing a rich learning environment for young minds. Its not that simple4最后，对中国来说，成为世界主要创造者不仅仅是与西方顶尖大学建立伙伴关系。也不是召集一 群受过良好教育的人，告诉他们要有创造性地思考。这是关于为年轻人建立一个丰富的学习环境。事情 没那么简单广结合整篇文章指出中国教育出现的问题学生无法创造性思维，而这个问题与中国的社 会环境相关的，所以要寻找新的学习方式。故A选项“寻找新的学习方法”最符合文章标题。故选A。(B)Things you need to know about your STRESS right nowAfter 60 years of research, scientists have determined what provokes stress. There's even a handy acronym: NUTS.N is for Novelty: This is something new you*ve not experienced before, like the first day of school or a new job.U is for Unpredictability: When you don't know how something is going to take shape, as is the case during a trip to the dentist.T is for Threat to the Ego: When your competence is threatened, such as in front of colleagues. We're very sensitive to this.S is for Sense of Control: When you feel you have little or no control over the situation, like being stuck in traffic.Ifs helpful to identify your sources of stress, because a problem well-defined is a problem almost solved.The opposite of stress is not relaxation-it's resilience. If you tell your brain that you can deal with this, it will stop producing the stress hormone and you will calm downGet on your bike!As various bits of research have shown, cycling will lower your stress levels, whether you're doing a quick errand or committing to a lifetime on two wheels.15 MINUTES LATERA 2013 study out of Japan showed a marked drop in people's stress levels after they pedalled for just 15 minutes on a stationary bike.AN HOUR LATERResearchers found in 2015 that, compared to their cycling colleagues, those who drove or took the subway breathed more shallowly an hour later-a sure sign of stress.18 YEARS LATERAfter following 17,985 adult commuters for 18 years, U.K. researchers discovered in 2014 that those who walked or biked reported being happier, more confident and better able to face their problems.In a 2015 study, researchers subjected 66 teen girls to a stress test. Some of them held their mothers1 hands during the test; others had to go it alone. The girls who had contact with their moms were able to manage stress more effectively. Its what psychologists refer to as emotional load sharing.In a 2007 UCLA study, some patients hospitalized for heart failure spent 12 minutes with a therapy dog, while another group interacted with a volunteer. The dog crowd experienced greater decreases in their anxiety level compared to those patients whose visitors could actually talk back.60. may suffer the most stress relatively.A. Luna, 19she has well prepared for her first internship with the help of her mother.B. Tom, 29-his first day of work starts at 9: 00 am, but he*s in a traffic jam at 8: 50 am.C. Karol, 39-she finally had her decayed tooth pulled out last Thursday at the dentists.D. Jenny, 49-her colleagues are planning to give her a farewell party and she*s in the dark.61. Which chart can best illustrate the effect of cycling ?A.D.62. Which of the following may best suit the numbered blanks?A. ©Raise your hand!Find a volunteer companion!B.Raise your hand!Get a furry companion!C Hug your family! Get furry companion!D.Hug your family!Find a volunteer companion!【答案】60. B 61. C62. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家对压力的研究。【60题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“N is for Novelty: This is something new you've not experienced before, like the first day of school or a newjob.（N代表新鲜感：指的是你从未经历过的新鲜事物，比如开学第一天或开始 一份新工作时）"和第五段"S is for Sense of Control: When you feel you have little or no control over the situation, like being stuck in traffic.（ S是控制感：当你觉得自己几乎无法控制局面时，比如被堵在路上）” 可推断，B选择项汤姆第一天去上班却遇到堵车，所以他的压力是N+S这两方面的，因此承受的压力可 能最大，而其他三人承担的都是单方面的压力，故选B。【61题详解】推理判断题。根据文章 Get on your bike!下的内容“A 2013 study out of Japan showed a marked drop in people's stress levels after they pedalled for just 15 minutes on a stationary bike.（2013 年日本的一项研究表 明，人们在固定自行车上骑15分钟后，压力水平就显著下降厂可知，骑自行车人的压力水平在15分钟 后明显下降，而非1小时候明显下降。所以A图错误;根据“Researchers found in 2015 that, compared to their cycling colleagues, those who drove or took the subway breathed more shallowly an hour later-a sure sign of stress42015年，研究人员发现，与骑自行车的同事相比，开车或乘地铁的人晚一个小时呼吸更浅，这是 压力的明显迹象广可知，如果晚点的话，乘地铁的人要比骑自行车的人的压力增加得多，所以B图错误； 根据"After following 17,985 adult commuters fbr 18 years, U.K. researchers discovered in 2014 that those who walked or biked reported being happier, more confident and better able to face their problems.（在对 17985 名成 年通勤者进行了 18年的跟踪调查后，英国研究人员在2014年发现，走路或骑自行车的人更快乐，更自 信，也更能面对自己的问题）”可推断，18年后，走路或骑自行车的人压力压力更小，而开车的人压力增 加。所以C图正确，D图错误。故选C。【62题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章倒数第二段“Some of them held their mothers* hands during the test（有些人在考试时 牵着妈妈的手）"和"The girls who had contact with their moms were able to manage stress more effectively.（与母亲有接触的女孩能够更有效地管理压力广可知，本段介绍与家人亲密接触可以减轻压 力，所以Hug your family!（拥抱你的家人吧!）适合放在处；根据文章最后一段“In a 2007 UCLA study, some patients hospitalized for heart failure spent 12 minutes with a therapy dog, while another group interacted with a volunteer. The dog crowd experienced greater decreas