【上课用】高考英语复习之语法透析：特殊句式课件.pptx

特殊句式,2022高考复习之语法透析,知识导图,特殊句式,强调句型,倒装,省略,感叹句,祈使句,there be句型,反意疑问句,陈述句：It is/was被强调部分that/who其他(强调人时可用that或who，强调物时只用that)一般疑问句：Is/Was it被强调部分that/who其他？特殊疑问句：疑问词is/wasitthat其他？,not.until.的强调句：It is/was not until被强调部分that其他,完全倒装,部分倒装,状语从句的省略,不定式的省略,what引导的感叹句,how引导的感叹句,陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句,陈述部分含有used to时，疑问词用usednt 或didnt均可。,陈述部分含有ought to时，疑问词用oughtnt或shouldnt均可。,陈述部分含有否定词的反意疑问句,考点精析,考点一强调句型1.陈述句：It is/was被强调部分that/who其他(强调人时可用that或who，强调物时只用that)一般疑问句：Is/Was it被强调部分that/who其他？特殊疑问句：疑问词is/wasitthat其他？It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.正是在我回到公寓的时候，我第一次遇到我的新邻居们。Was it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down?他是在船沉了一个月之后在一个荒岛上被救的吗？,考点精析,2.not.until.的强调句：It is/was not until被强调部分that其他(注意时态)It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.直到我来到这里，我才知道这个地方出名不仅因为它的美，还因为它的天气。,考点精析,(1)当强调句的特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，要用陈述句语序。I wonder who it was that told Jim the news.我想知道是谁告诉吉姆这个消息的。(2)强调谓语动词时，用do/does/did动词原形。该结构只用于肯定句，并且只有一般现在时和一般过去时。,考点精析,考点二倒装,倒装,表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词(短语)here、there、now、then、up、down、away、off、in、out、in the room、on the wall等置于句首，且主语为名词时,完全倒装,部分倒装,否定副词(never、neither、nor、hardly、little、seldom、rarely等)或表示否定意义的介词短语(at no time、by no means、on no condition、in no case等)置于句首时,only修饰介词短语、副词或状语从句，且置于句首时,“so/neither助动词/be动词/情态动词主语”意为“也是如此/也不”,“Not only部分倒装， but also.”意为“不仅而且”,not until.置于句首时， 主句需部分倒装,Soadj./adv.部分倒装that./Such (a/an)adj.n.部分倒装that.意为“如此以至于”,考点精析,Not until recently did they encourage the development of tourist related activities in the rural areas.直到近期，他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.直到讨论了那个问题几个小时之后他们才做出决定。We laugh at jokes, but seldom do we think about how they work.我们听到笑话时会笑，却很少去考虑它们是如何让我们发笑的。,考点精析,John opened the door . There stood a girl he had never seen before.约翰打开门，一个他以前从未见过的女孩站在那里。With the great honor of being government officials of this nation comes great responsibility.有幸成为这个国家的政府官员，责任重大。,考点精析,考点三省略1.状语从句的省略当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，构成下列结构：连词形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。Children, when accompanied by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.孩子在父母的陪同下才被允许进入该体育馆。,考点精析,2.不定式的省略(1) 在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语), 只保留不定式符号to。常用在expect、hope、intend、mean、try、want、wish等词后。Firstly, people may feel forced when asked to do things that they dont want to.首先，当人们被要求去做他们不想做的事情时他们会感到是被迫的。,考点精析,(1)如果不定式中含有be、have、have been，通常保留be、have、have been。(2)特殊的省略结构(常作为插入语来处理)：if so 如果这样的话if not 如果不这样的话if ever 如果曾经有的话if necessary 如果有必要的话if possible 如果可能的话if any 如果有的话,考点精析,考点四 感叹句1.what引导的感叹句(1)Whata/an(adj.)可数名词单数主语谓语！(2)What(adj.)不可数名词/可数名词复数主语谓语！2.how引导的感叹句(1)Howadj./adv.主语谓语！(2)Howadj.a/an可数名词单数主语谓语！(3)How主语谓语！,考点精析,What a strange plant(How strange a plant)! Ive never seen it before.多么奇怪的一种植物啊！我以前从未见过。The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。,考点精析,考点五 祈使句祈使句常用来表示命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you(常省略)。祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加dont, 也可用副词never构成。祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加do。Do your homework before you watch TV.看电视之前要先做你的家庭作业。,考点精析,考点六 there be句型(1)there be 句型中的be可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。并且be有时可用live、remain、stand、lie、exist、seem to be、appear to be、happen to be、used to be等替换。There have been many great changes in our country since then.从那时起我们国家发生了很多大的变化。Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.从前在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。,考点精析,(2)there be句型的常考句型：There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义；There is no doubt that.毫无疑问；There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事；There is (no) difficulty/trouble in doing/with sth.做某事(没)有困难；There is no possibility of (doing) sth./that.(做)某事没有可能性。,考点精析,考点七 反意疑问句反意疑问句由“陈述句反问句”构成，若陈述句为肯定式，反意疑问句为否定式，反之亦然。1.陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句(1)当must作“必须”讲时，其反意疑问词用neednt；当为mustnt(不允许、禁止)时其反意疑问词用must。You must go now, neednt you?你现在必须走，不是吗？You mustnt smoke here, must you?你不能在这里吸烟，是吧？,考点精析,(2)当must表示推测，作“一定、准是”讲时，反意疑问部分的动词形式要根据must后面的动作所表示的时间来确定。You must have watched the football match last night, didnt you？你昨晚一定是看这场足球比赛了，是吧？,考点精析,2.陈述部分含有used to时，疑问词用usednt 或didnt均可。You used to play football, usednt/didnt you?你过去常常踢足球，是吗？3.陈述部分含有ought to时，疑问词用oughtnt或shouldnt均可。He ought to attend the meeting, oughtnt/shouldnt he?他应该参加会议，不是吗？,考点精析,4.陈述部分含有否定词的反意疑问句(1)当陈述部分含有seldom、hardly、scarcely、never、few、little、nothing、nobody 等否定词或半否定词时，疑问部分动词用肯定式。He could hardly get up, could he?他几乎起不来了，不是吗？(2)陈述部分含有表示否定意义的前缀或后缀构成的词时，反意疑问部分的动词一般用否定式。Mary dislikes sports, doesnt she?玛丽不喜欢体育运动，不是吗？,考点精析,(3)陈述部分含有宾语从句时，反意疑问部分的主语应和主句的主语保持一致。He said that she would come here on time, didnt he?他说过她会准时来这里，不是吗？当主句是 I think/believe/suppose.等结构时，反意疑问部分往往根据宾语从句的主语和谓语而定。需特别注意否定转移的现象中的肯定式和否定式。I dont think he will attend the meeting on time, will he?我认为他不会准时参加会议，是吗？,方法解读,方法一 熟记句型结构，轻松确定答案常考的特殊句型都有一定的规律和句式结构，比如强调句基本结构为“It is/was被强调部分that/who其他”。其判断方法：若去掉It is/was和that/who之后，句子仍完整，则题干为强调句。,方法解读,方法二 巧用还原法，化难为易对于一些特殊句型来说，一般情况下，考生可以把它还原为正常句型，如把倒装语序还原为正常语序，把省略句补全等，便能降低解题难度。It was in our school hall _ our school held a variety show last week.,It is/was.that.为强调句型,that,句子仍完整,演练提升,1.Its only when everyone does something to help _ we can hope to make a difference together.2.When _ (view) from the air, one can see that lanes are like a chessboard with delicate gardens, fine rockeries and ancient ruins which make them a wonder in the world.3.Now I still remember _ wonderful swimming in the sea was.4._ (overcome) it and we will be able to achieve our goals.,that viewing how Overcome,演练提升,5.At the top of the hill _ (lie) an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city.6.One has reason to believe that Chinas anticorruption over the past few years, tough _ it is, has achieved inspiring progress.7.As far as I can see, _ is no possibility that he will win the tennis match this time.,lies as/though there,演练提升,8.Its nice. Never before _ I had such a delicious meal!Im glad you enjoy it.9_ red was her coat that it stood out against the snow.10He offered to get my suitcase out of the trunk. I collected it and walked away. _ did he.,have So So,Thank You！,