高考英语复习之语法透析： 冠词课件.pptx

冠 词,2022高考复习之语法透析,知识导图,考点精析,考点一冠词的类别,冠词的类别,不定冠词a/an,零冠词/,定冠词the,泛指,特指,一个；一类(单数名词前),可数名词泛指时用a或an,一类(复数名词或不可数名词前),可数名词复数、不可数名词泛指时不用冠词,单数名词、复数名词、不可数名词前均可,可数名词、不可数名词特指时都用the,考点精析,考点二不定冠词不定冠词用于表示泛指，一般修饰可数名词单数，有a和an两种形式。当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是辅音音素(不是辅音字母)时，用不定冠词a；当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是元音音素(不是元音字母)时，用不定冠词an。1不定冠词的基本用法(1)用于第一次提到或出现的可数名词单数前，泛指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。At that time, I was working in a factory.The factory produces car parts.那时，我在一家工厂工作。这家工厂生产汽车部件。,考点精析,(2)用于可数名词单数前，泛指一类人或事物，或指同类中的“一个”。The “Chinese Dream” is a dream to improve peoples wellbeing and a dream of harmony, peace and development.“中国梦”是一个改善民生的梦，也是一个和谐、和平和发展的梦。(3)表示数量“一”，但不强调数量概念；或表示“任何一个”。Later that morning, Dario suggested that they write a letter to their neighbors and apologize for their playing.那天上午晚些时候，达里奥建议他们应该给邻居们写一封信，为他们弹钢琴这件事道歉。,考点精析,(4)用于表示人名的专有名词前，表示“一个叫的人，一个类似的人，一部的作品”。Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be a Beethoven.布莱恩在创作音乐上很有天赋，他很有可能成为一个像贝多芬那样的人。Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be a Picasso.专家们认为最近发现的那幅画可能是毕加索的作品。,考点精析,2不定冠词的活用(1)用于序数词前，表示“又一、再一”。First impressions are the most lasting.After all, you never get a second chance to make a first impression.最初的印象最持久。毕竟，你不可能有机会给别人再留下一个第一印象。,考点精析,(2)不定冠词可以用在某些具体化的抽象名词前，常考的具体化的抽象名词有success、failure、surprise、pleasure、beauty、pity、danger、comfort、honour等。Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.在那些艰苦的岁月里，能够买得起一杯饮料都会是一件令人感到欣慰的事。,考点精析,(3)有些不可数名词如knowledge、collection、understanding等后面加of.时，前面需用不定冠词a或an。have a (good) knowledge of.意为“精通”；have a (clear/good) understanding of.意为“了解”。If you dont have a good knowledge of English, its out of the question for you to use it flexibly and fluently.如果你不精通英语，那么灵活且流利地运用它对你来说是不可能的。,考点精析,3不定冠词用于固定搭配中all of a sudden 突然as a matter of fact 事实上at a loss 不知所措；困惑pay a visit to 参观；拜访be/go on a diet 节食give sb.a lift 让某人搭便车have a gift for. 在方面有天赋have a word with. 与谈话,考点精析,make a fool of 愚弄in a hurry 匆忙地in a way 在某种程度上keep an eye on 留意；留神make a living 谋生a waste of. 浪费once in a while 偶尔as a result/consequence 因此,考点精析,考点三定冠词the1定冠词的基本用法(1)前面已提及的人或事物再次被提到时，或谈话双方都知道的人或事物前，一般要加定冠词，表特指。Take your timeits just a short distance from here to the restaurant.不要着急从这里到那家餐馆只有很短的一段距离。,考点精析,(2)用在被短语或从句修饰的名词前，表特指。I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by a gunman wearing a mask.我刚刚听说朵拉工作的那家银行被一名持枪蒙面人抢劫了。(3)用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人或夫妻俩；或用于可数名词单数、形容词或分词前，表示一类人或事物。The Smiths went on an around the world trip.史密斯一家去环球旅行了。,考点精析,(4)用于表示朝代、年代的名词前，或用在逢十的年代前，表示“在某世纪几十年代”。Its said that corn was grown a lot in Tibet in the 17th century.据说十七世纪时，西藏大量种植玉米。(5)在形容词或副词的最高级或序数词前或由only、very、same等修饰的名词前用定冠词the。As is known to all, the Peoples Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.众所周知，中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。,考点精析,2定冠词用于固定结构及固定搭配中(1)用于“bythe表示计量单位的名词(day、hour、dozen等)”结构中，意为“按计算”。但size、weight这类名词跟by连用时不加定冠词。Its said John will be in a job paying over $60，000 a year.Right, he will also get paid by the week.据说约翰将拥有一份年薪超过6万美元的工作。是的，他也将按周获得报酬。,考点精析,(2)用于“动词(hit、strike、pull、take等)sb.介词the表示身体部位的名词”结构中，其中的the不可用物主代词代替。hit sb.on the head打某人的头pull/take sb.by the hand 拉/抓住某人的手strike sb.in the face 打某人的脸(3)用于“the比较级， the比较级”结构中，意为“越就越”。The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.你越仔细，你犯的错误就越少。,考点精析,(4)用于固定搭配中：by the way 顺便说一下in the way 阻碍；挡路go to the cinema/theater 去看电影/戏in the distance 在远处make the most/best of 充分利用not in the least 一点儿也不on the contrary 与此相反on the other hand 另一方面the other day 几天之前,考点精析,to tell (you) the truth (跟你)说实话to the point 中肯，切题take the place of 代替for the time being 暂时at the moment 此刻；目前at the same time 同时on the whole 总的来说in the middle of. 在中间in the long run/term 长期来说on the decrease 在减少,考点精析,考点四零冠词1零冠词的基本用法(1)复数名词、不可数名词、抽象名词或物质名词表泛指时，其前不加冠词。Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various.当我们感到愤怒时，愤怒似乎很简单，但引起愤怒的原因却多种多样。The Smiths dont usually like staying at hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by the sea.史密斯夫妇通常不喜欢住旅馆，但去年夏天他们在海边的一个很舒适的旅馆住了几天。,考点精析,(2)名词前已有this、that、my、your、some、each、no、any 等指示代词、物主代词、不定代词等限定词作定语时，不用冠词。Fire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment.每栋公寓的每个楼层都安装了灭火器。(3)表示独一无二的职位、头衔的名词作表语、同位语或补语时，其前通常用零冠词。Dr.Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”这所学校的校长彼得斯彭斯博士告诉我们：“这里五分之一的学生都会到牛津大学或者剑桥大学学习。”,考点精析,(4)用于表示无特指意义的季节、月份、日期、星期和三餐的名词及球类、棋类和学科名词前。Of all the subjects, I like history best because it gives us a useful knowledge of things in the past.在所有的科目中，我最喜欢历史，因为它让我们了解了许多过去的有用的知识。,考点精析,表示一日三餐、季节、月份、星期等名词前有修饰语或指具体的某一顿饭或特指某一餐、某一季节、月份等时，其前要用冠词。According to the weather report, we will have a very hot summer this year.根据天气预报，我们今年将会度过一个非常炎热的夏天。The only thing the woodman had was a good supper of a big sausage.樵夫拥有的唯一东西就是一大根香肠作为丰盛的晚餐。,重点记忆,考点精析,2零冠词用于固定结构及固定搭配中(1)用于“零冠词单数可数名词as/though主语谓语主句”结构中，意为“虽然但是”。Good choice as/though it may be, he has decided to give it up.尽管这可能是一个不错的选择，但他还是决定放弃了。(2)用于与by连用的表示交通工具、通讯工具的名词前。Are you going there by plane or by ship?你是乘飞机还是乘船去那里？,考点精析,(3)用于系动词turn后的可数名词单数作表语前。After years of hard work，Tom turned engineer while Mary good manager.多年的努力之后，汤姆成为一名工程师而玛丽成为一名优秀的经理。(4)用于固定搭配中：at dawn/dusk/night/noon在黎明/黄昏/夜晚/中午on/catch fire 着火by mistake 错误地by chance/accident 碰巧,考点精析,in history 在历史上under repair 在维修中hand in hand 手拉手do harm to. 对有害on purpose 故意地in place 在正确位置in danger 在危险中make room for. 为让出空间in return 作为回报,考点精析,at present 目前ahead of time 提前in advance 提前lose heart 灰心out of control 失控,考点精析,有无冠词意义不同的搭配,重点记忆,at school在上学,at the school在学校,in hospital 住院,in the hospital在医院里,in charge of 掌管,in the charge of在掌管之中,out of question 毫无疑问,out of the questions 不可能,方法解读,方法一根据泛指或特指选择冠词如果空格后的名词或“形容词名词”前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词、名词所有格或指示代词等限定词时很可能填冠词。(1)如果空格及后面的名词可翻译成“一个(本、种等)”，一般填a/an。如果可翻译成“这/那个、这/那些”一般填the；(2)如果名词后有of短语、不定式、分词或从句等作定语时很可能填the。,方法解读,方法二根据固定句式或固定搭配选择冠词英语中有很多带有冠词的固定句式或固定搭配，记住这些句式和搭配也有利于解决此类问题。1._village where I was born has grown into _town.2.As _ matter of fact, there are two trophies in history.,A,The,a,演练提升,1So, in the 11th Grade, I returned to the basics. On _ sketchbook I forced myself to draw whatever interested me.2A picture taken by Xinhua News Agency showed _ operator using his drone to check the temperatures of residents in a community in Yichun, Jiangxi Province, on Jan. 29.3Chinese officials say _ disease is able to spread from one person to another even before any actual signs appear，which makes it especially hard to contain.,a an the,演练提升,4This being my first time living abroad in a different culture, simply getting used to the living conditions was_big adjustment.5On_ topic of classical music, I always love the clapping and the cheering that come at the end of a concert.6Jinan, the capital city of East Chinas Shandong Province, will host _ international winter swimming competition at Daming Lake Scenic Area on Jan.12 and 13.,a the an,演练提升,7Xu Jin was born in a medical family.Under _ influence of his family, he chose his medical specialty without hesitation.8She starts off at the same time from the same place as _ first driver, but she drives aimlessly around.9Julie, codirector of _ Childrens Sleep Disorders Clinic, was pleased with the research findings.10After work, he learned to play _ guitar.He liked living on the farm, for the life was simple.,the the the the,Thank You！,