【上课用】高考英语复习之语法透析：动词的时态课件.pptx

动词的时态,2022高考复习之语法透析,知识导图,过去将来时构成：should/would do,一般过去时构成：did时间标志词：ago, last week, once upon a time ,the other day,一般现在时构成：do/does时间标志词：now and then, sometimes, often，usually等,一般将来时构成：will do时间标志词：将来的时间，in+时间,过去进行构成：was/were doing,现在进行时构成：am/is /are doing时间标志词：now, right now, at this moment,将来进行时构成：shall/will be doing,过去完成时构成：had done时间标志词：before+过去的时间点，by+过去时间(by then, by the end of 2010,by the time),现在完成时构成：have/has done时间标志词：lately, recently, in the last/past days/years , since,up to now, till now, so far , over+时间段，by+现在的时间,将来完成时构成：will have done时间标志词：by +将来的时间,过去完成进行时构成：had been doing,现在完成进行时构成：have/has been doing,Past,now,Future,一般体,进行体,完成体,完成进行体,考点精析,考点一一般现在时与一般过去时1.一般现在时(1)表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时态限制)。Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不等人。(2)表示现状、性质、状态时，多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作时，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。Ice feels cold.These oranges taste good.They always care for each other and help each other.,考点精析,(3)表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排将要发生的动作。My dream school starts at 8：30 am. and ends at 3：30 pm.The shop closes at 11：00 pm. every day.(4)在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。Ill write to her when I have time.If she comes this afternoon, well have a meeting.,考点精析,2.一般过去时(1)表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去的具体时间状语连用，如yesterday、last month、just now、the other day、three days ago、in 1989等。The other day I came across an old friend on the top of Mount Tai.When he was young, he took cold baths regularly.I didnt expect to see you studying at the library.,考点精析,(2)上下文语境中，暗含有表示过去的时间状语时用一般过去时。George said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didnt.(3)在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。He said he would tell her about the news as soon as he met her.(4)表达“原以为、原希望”等意义时，know、think、expect等动词常用一般过去时。Much to my disappointment, the film is not as moving as I expected.,考点精析,(5)常见句型：“It is (high) time that sb.did sth.”意为“是某人该做某事的时候了。”It is high time that we took action to protect our environment.“It is/has been时间段since.did sth.意为“自从做某事已经了。”As far as I know，it is/has been three years since he joined the army.“would/had rather sb.did sth.”意为“宁愿某人做某事”Id rather you stayed at home today.,考点精析,考点二现在进行时、过去进行时与将来进行时1.现在进行时(1)表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作。He is working on a paper.(2)表示现阶段但不一定是讲话时正在进行的动作。She is teaching English and learning Chinese.,考点精析,(3)go、come、leave、start、take off、arrive at、run out等位移动词可用进行时代替将来时。We are leaving for Shanghai on Friday.(4)与always、often等频度副词连用，表示经常反复的行为或某种感情色彩。The girl is always talking aloud in public.Her group are always blaming each other. Its awful, isnt it?,考点精析,下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时：(1)表示心理状态、情感的动词：like、love、hate、care、remember、believe、want、mind、wish、agree、mean、need等；(2)表示存在状态的动词：appear、exist、lie、remain、seem、belong to等；(3)表示行为结果的动词：allow、accept、permit、promise、admit、complete等；(4)表示感官的动词：see、hear、notice、feel、smell、sound、taste、look等。,考点精析,2.过去进行时(1)过去进行时表示在过去某个时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态。He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday.(2)表示过去一个动作发生时另外一个动作正在进行。She was watching TV when a burglar broke into her house. (3)表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的动作，有此用法的动词往往为位移动词，如go、begin、leave、arrive、come、return等。I was coming to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel.,考点精析,3.将来进行时表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。This time next week Ill be lying on the beach, enjoying the sunshine.下星期这个时候，我正躺在海滩上，享受着阳光。,考点精析,考点三现在完成时、过去完成时与现在完成进行时1.现在完成时(1)表示动作发生在过去，截止到目前已经完成或者对现在造成一定的影响。常见的时间状语： 表示“到目前为止”的短语：so far、by far、up to now、till now、by now等；表示“最近的”副词或者相关短语：lately、recently、in recent years等；,考点精析,表示“在过去时间内”的短语：during/in/over the last(past) few years(months、weeks.)等；表示“自从”的短语：ever since、since 过去的时间。I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl，and she has changed beyond recognition.He moved here in 2016 and he has lived here ever since.,考点精析,(2)现在完成时还可以用在时间、条件状语从句中，表示将来某时完成的动作。Please return the book to me when you have finished it.当你读完这本书时请把它归还给我。If you have done the experiment，you will realize the theory better.如果你做了这个实验，你就会更好地理解这个理论。,考点精析,(3)常见句型：“It is/has been时间段since.”意为“自从已经多久了”。It is/has been ten years since I graduated from the university.“This/It/That is the first/second/third/.time that.”意为“这/那是第一/二/三/次”，that从句要用现在完成时。It is the first time that I have visited the city.“This isthe形容词的最高级名词that.”结构，that从句要用现在完成时。This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen.,考点精析,注意避免思维定势： “for时间段”不一定是现在完成时的标志。一定要看语境强调是“该动作发生在过去，和现在没有联系”(一般过去时)，还是“该动作已经做完多长时间或对现在有一定影响”(现在完成时)。 Yang Zhenning lived in America for many years and now he lives in China.Dashan has lived in China for many years.,考点精析,2.过去完成时(1)表示动作发生在“过去的过去”，截止到过去已经完成。常见的时间状语：by过去的时间(by the end of、by the time、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语)。By the end of last year, we had produced 20，000 cars. By the time Jack returned home from England，his son had already graduated from college.,考点精析,(2)表示意向的动词，如hope、wish、expect、think、intend、mean、suppose 等，用过去完成时表示“原本(事实上未能)”。We had planned to finish the work before dark，but we were held up by a heavy rain. We had expected that you would be able to win the match.,考点精析,(3)常见句型：“It was the first/second/.time that.”意为“这是第一/二次”It was the second time that he had visited Beijing.在“hardly/scarcely.when.、no sooner.than.”句型中，主句常用过去完成时，意为“一就”。当hardly、scarcely、no sooner置于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.I had hardly opened the door when he hit me.Hardly had I opened the door when he hit me.,考点精析,3.现在完成进行时(1)常用来表示开始于过去某个时间、一直持续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。For days the kids have been looking for others we can help.(2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。I have been calling him many times this morning，but theres no answer.,考点精析,考点四一般将来时与过去将来时1.一般将来时(1)表示将来的动作或状态，常用will/shall动词原形，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow、next week等。We will have a meeting tomorrow.We will die without air or water.(2)be going to do在口语中常用来表示已经决定或安排要做的事、必然或很可能发生的事，也可用来表示自然现象。Look at the cloud. It is going to rain.,考点精析,(3)be to do sth.表示按计划或安排即将要做某事，或者按照职责、义务、规定等要做某事。We are to obey these rules when we go into the library.(4)be about to do sth.表示即将要发生某事，该结构通常不与具体的时间状语连用。The train is about to leave.,考点精析,2.过去将来时过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，这种时态常用于宾语从句中，主句常用一般过去时。He always said that he would study hard at that time.他总是说他那时会努力学习。,方法解读,方法一慧眼识别标志词时间状语就是辨别和确认时态的标志词。Silk _(become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BCE.In the last few years, China _(make) great achievements in environmental protection.,had become,has made,方法解读,方法二细心辨语境，瞻前顾后找并列1.细心辨语境：题干中没有给出具体的时间状语时，应仔细分析设空处所在句的前后(从)句中的谓语动词的时态，弄清动作发生的时间及顺序，确定所填谓语动词的时态。2.瞻前顾后找并列：(1)可根据并列连词and、but、or、rather than、neither.nor.、not only.but also.等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态；(2)同一个主语连接两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词时态要保持一致。,方法解读,方法二细心辨语境，瞻前顾后找并列1.The real reason why prices _(be), and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.2.Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he_(be) a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.3.Is Peter coming? No, he _(change) his mind after a phone call at the last minute.4.When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I _(not see) for years.,were,was going to be,changed,hadnt seen,方法解读,方法三固定句式要记牢英语中有一些句式的时态常常很固定，如果题干中出现这类句式，考生应注意根据规则选用适当的时态。1.It is the first/second/.time that sb. has/have done.2.It was the first/second/.time that sb. had done.3.Sb. was/were doing sth. when.did.4.Hardly/Scarcely had sb. done sth. when.did.5.Sb. be about to do sth. when.did.6.Its (high) time that sb. did sth./should do sth.,方法解读,方法三固定句式要记牢It is the first time that I _(be) to Beijing.,have been,演练提升,1.By about 6,000 BC，people _(discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.2.The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane，for example, _(form) the core collection of the British Museum that opened in 1759.3.The unmanned Change4 probe (探测器)the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess_(touch) down last week in the South PoleAitken basin.,had discoveredformed touched,演练提升,4.“This really excites scientists，” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University，says，“because it _(mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _(construct)”5.This is why decorating with plants，fruits and flowers _(carry) special significance.6.The parts of a museum open to the public _(call) galleries or rooms.,means is constructedcarries are called,演练提升,7.When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary artist, they smiled and _(point) down the river.8.You are a great swimmer.Thanks. Its because I _(practise) a lot these days.,pointedhave been practising,Thank You！,