专题10 阅读理解之人物类（含答案解析）-2022年高考英语毕业班二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（全国通用）.docx

阅读理解之人物类-2022年高考英语毕业班二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（全国通用）目录一、热点题型归纳【题型一】推理判断题【题型二】主旨大意题【题型三】细节理解题【题型四】词义猜测题二、最新模考题组练拉卢敦型归病人物传记类阅读文章在高考中经常出现，人物传记类文章考察推理判断题和事实细节题多。人物传记以名人生平或逸事为主。题材一般为记叙文,包含记叙文的时间，地点，人物，时间等要素。 写作手法多采用时间，空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终。应试策略：准确理解细节是做好这类文章的关键。如何理解细节呢？首先从问题中找到关键词，然后依次为线索， 运用略读和查阅的技巧在文中迅速查找细节并仔细阅读该部分，认真比较选项和文章中的细节。不过，在 练习人物传记类文章之前，先了解关于人物类阅读理解的常见词汇，会事半功倍。人物传记类阅读理解词汇：enthusiastic adj 热情的stubborn adj 顽固的hardworking adj 努力的optimistic adj 乐观的pessimistic adj 悲观的aggressive adj 有进取心的compassionate 有 同情心的compassionate 有 同情心的independent adj独立的;有主见的selfless adj无私的【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段'Tm not a trained musician, but Fve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.（我不是受过训练的音乐家，但我学会了识谱，这样我就可以在Maria的表演中帮助她）”可知， Titterton因为识谱，所以可以在Maria的钢琴表演中为她翻页。故选A项。25题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don9t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot（这 项工作需要很多技能。你必须确保你不会一次翻两页并且必要的时候确保你回到前面找到音乐重复的部分）” 可知，为钢琴家翻页这项工作很需要技巧。由此推知，Titterton的工作要求是很高的。故选C项。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.（无声的舞台交流是关键, 每个钢琴家都有自己的“点头，风格来表示翻页，他们需要和翻页者进行练习）”可知，Titterton需要和钢琴 演奏者练习识别他们的“点头”示意来翻页。故选B项。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段"He飞 interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: 'Turn, turn（他对音乐很感兴趣，感受着每一个音符，所以我不得不说：“翻页，翻页！ ”）”可知，Ms Raspopova 的丈夫因为对音乐感兴趣，所以帮她翻页的时候总是沉浸在音乐中而忘掉自己的工作，她不得不去提醒。 故选D项。【2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）B篇】When I was 17,1 read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay. She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death. On a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drove over to the museum. She asked, HDo you have the address? ”"No, but Fil recognize it, there was a picture in the magazine. n"Oh, stop. There it is!”The museum was free. We entered, excited. A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us.HMay I help you?n a man asked. "No, HI said. "We're fine/9 Tour guides got on my nerves. What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren't that interested in? Sally had gone upstairs. The people in the hall seemed very nosy（爱窥探的），keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem? I saw some nice sculptures in one room. Suddenly T sensed a man standing behind me. "Where do you think you are? " he asked. I turned sharply. nThe McNay Art Museum!n He smiled, shaking his head. nSorry, the McNay is on New Braunfels Street.n "Whafs this place?” I asked, still confused. HWell, it*s our home.” My heart jolted（震颤）. I raced to the staircase and called out, nSally! Come down immediately! n“There's some really good stuff（艺术作品）up there/1 She stepped down, looking confused. I pushed her toward the front door, waving at the family, saying, HSorry, please forgive us, you have a really nice place/1 Outside, when I told Sally what happened, she covered her mouth, laughing. She couldn't believe how long they let us look around without saying anything.The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervous the whole time we were there. Van Gogh, Picasso. This time, we stayed together, in case anything else unusual happened.Thirty years later, a woman approached me in a public place. "Excuse me, did you ever enter a residence, long ago, thinking it was the McNay Museum?""Yes. But how do you know? We never told anyone.n"That was my home. I was a teenager sitting in the hall. Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in. I never felt lucky before. You thought it was a museum. My feelings about my home changed after that. Fve always wanted to thank you.'1What do we know about Marian McNay?A. She was a painter.B. She was a community leader.C. She was a museum director.D. She was a journalist.41. Why did the author refuse the help from the man in the house?A. She disliked people who were nosy.B. She felt nervous when talking to strangers.C. She knew more about art than the man.D. She mistook him for a tour guide.42. How did the author feel about being stared at by the people in the hall?A. Puzzled. B. Concerned. C. Frightened. D. Delighted.43. Why did the author describe the real McNay museum in just a few words?A. The real museum lacked enough artwork to interest her.B. She was too upset to spend much time at the real museum.C. The McNay was disappointing compared with the house.D. The event happening in the house was more significant.44. What could we learn from the last paragraph?A. People should have good taste to enjoy life.B. People should spend more time with their family.C. People tend to be blind to the beauty around them.D. People tend to educate teenagers at a museum.【答案】41. A 42. D 43. A 44. D 45. C【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章作者和朋友原想参观McNay博物馆，到了之后参观的时候，发现很多人 奇怪的看着她，最后才发现自己误将一个私人住宅当成McNay博物馆。30年后，一位女士认出误撞入自 己住宅的作者，指出正是因为作者的误撞人才让她意识到自己住的地方有多么美丽。41 .细节理解题。根据文章第一段 When I was 17,1 read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay.可知，Marian McNay 是一名水彩画家。故选 A。42 .细节理解题。根据文章第四段"May I help you?” a man asked. nNo, nI said. "We're fine.” Tour guides got on my nerves.可知，导游令作者心烦，作者误认为屋子里的男人是位导游。故选D。43 .推理判断题。根据文章第四段 The people in the hall seemed very nosy（爱窥探的）,keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem?（大厅的人看起来都非常爱窥探的，眼睛不停的好奇的看着我。 他们有什么问题？）可以推断出，作者当时感到困惑不解。故选A。44 .推理判断题。根据全文可知，作者着墨点主要在叙述参观误当成McNay博物馆的私人住宅上，故这才 是文章的重心，所以将真正的McNay博物馆叙述一带而过。故选D。45 .推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in. 可知，在作者未造访她家之前，这位女士从未意识到自己住的地方多么美丽，从而可以推断出，人们往往 对周围的美而不见。故选C。【2018年浙江高考英语卷A篇】In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was bom, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century-most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719一but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy （识字） rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like "By a lady."Novels, fbr the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters 一 from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim- were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens, greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon （名人堂） of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. Ifs partly true that Dickens, style of writing attracted audiencesfrom all walks of life. It partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it's also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible - and important for our own culture-to understand how he made himself a lasting one. 21. Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18lh century?A. They were difficult to understand.B. They were popular among the rich.C. They were seen as nearly worthless.D. They were written mostly by women.22. Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress. A. his reputation in Francehis interest in modern artC. his success in publicationD. his importance in literature23. What is the author's purpose in writing the text?A. To remember a great writer.B. To introduce an English novel.C. To encourage studies on culture.D. To promote values of the Victorian age.【答案】21.C 22. D 23. A【解析】本文写于Charles Dickens诞辰200周年前夕，介绍了 Charles Dickens在英国小说方面的重要贡 献和深远影响。21 .细节理解题。根据第一段对当时情况的描写 nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy （识字）rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors. Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad .印刷技术落后，人们识字率低，作品上没有作者名字，小说被认为是愚蠢的不正 常的，毫无价值可言。故选C。22 .推理判断题。根据第二段Dickens9 greatness is unchallenged.和列举的Charles Dickens小说的影响可知， 把他和Mona Lisa相比是为了说明Charles Dickens在英国小说方面的重要性和Mona Lisa在绘画方面的重 要性是一样的，故选D。23 .写作意图题。根据文中对Charles Dickens及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的描写，和文章最后But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible and important for our own culture-to understand how he made himself a lasting one.可知本文是写于Charles Dickens诞辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者写本 文是为了纪念这位伟大的作家。故选A。2019年全国卷ILB篇】“You can use me as a last resort（选择）,and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it." This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers fbr my kids' lacrosse（长曲棍球）club.I guess that there5s probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help fbr an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at thn heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on . At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, "Alright. Yes, I'll do it.”I'm secretly relieved because I know there's real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community（社区）as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.In that sense, Tm pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I'd freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?24. What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph 1?A. She knows little about the club.B. She isn't good at sports.C. She just doesn't want to volunteer.D. She's unable to meet her schedule.25. What does the underlined phrase "tug at the heartstrings in paragraph 2 mean?A. Encourage teamwork.B. Appeal to feelings.C. Promote good deeds.D. Provide advice.26. What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3?A. She gets interested in lacrosse.B. She is proud of her kids.C. She'll work for another season.D. She becomes a good helper.27. Why does the author like doing volunteer work?A. It gives her a sense of duty.B. It makes her very happy.C. It enables her to work hard.D. It brings her material rewards.【答案】24. C25. B 26. D 27. B【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文中讲述了作者成功说服了一个家长参加志愿者团队，并且这位家长后 来成为这个团队中有力的帮手，同时作者在参与志愿者活动过程中也获得了很多快乐。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的 You can use me as a last resort（选择）,and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.可知，这位家长说如果其他人都不愿意做志愿者的工作，她会做这份工作，作者可以把她当作最 后的备选，也就是她不愿意做志愿者的工作。故选C。25题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线前句 she may just need a little persuading.和下面的一句话 I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on 可知, 作者为了劝服这位家长，举了两个例子。故可知，划线句此处应是“煽情”之意。故选B。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中这位家长作出的贡献及the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team.可知，她最终成为了志愿者队伍中的重要的一员，也即是说，她成了一个好帮手。故选D。【27题详解】细节理解题。题干问作者为什么喜欢做志愿者工作。根据第四段最后两句Connecting to the community（社 区）as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good. 可知，为社区做贡献可以带来真正的快乐，参加志愿者活动活动能让人感觉快乐。故选B。络景新犊考敦组称2020-2021学年度苏锡常镇四市高三二模BIan McKenna was in third grade when he learned that many kids at his Austin school weren't getting enough to eat at home. He wanted tohelp, but local volunteer organizations turned him away, saying he was too young. So hedecided to find his own solution. For years, he had been gardening with his mother, and they often distributedtheir extra vegetables to the neighbors. "Why not give the produce to a soup kitchen? Then I thought, I'm good at gardening/ says McKenna, now 16."Why not plant a garden at school, so that kids in need could take food home?"McKenna persuaded his school to set aside space for a garden; then he asked the community for donations of seeds and equipment. Other students donated their time. Within months, McKenna s garden was producing lettuces, tomatoes, cucumbers and squash for students and their families Now, seven years later, McKenna's Giving Garden project has expanded to five area schools in addition to his own backyard garden, and he has provided organic produce, enough for 25,000 meals, to Austin families.For most of his gardening activities, McKenna wears the same T-shirt indifferent colors, with his personal motto on it: BE A GOODHUMAN. To him, that means helping in any way you can, no matter what your age.“Even a smile might change someone's life/* he says. “It lets them know that they are important. It can make their day.”When COVID-19 hit the U.S., McKenna redoubled his efforts, cooking up to 100 meals to distribute to the hungry on the weekends. When social distancing meant that volunteers couldn't work on community garden plots, he started offering online classes and a gardening hotline so families could grow at home. While gardening is his core focus, McKenna says he is always looking for new ways to help the hungry.24. What caused Ian's decision to help the kids in his own way?B. Being good at gardening.A. Being rejected by volunteer groups.C. A soup kitchen's support.D. His mother's suggestions.A. It helps students only.C. It is funded by schools.A. Where there is a will, there is a way.B. A small gesture makes a difference.C. One good turn deserves another.D. Love can break all the barriers.25. What do we know about the Giving Garden project?B. It was started with joint efforts.D. It earns great profits every year.26. Which of the following can best explain Ian's personal motto?