2022届上海市高考英语模拟测试练习卷04（解析版）.docx

高考英语模拟试卷04考生注意:1.考试时间120分钟，试卷总分值140分。2 .本考试设试卷和答题纸两局部。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上,做在试卷上一律不得分。3 .答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在 答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。L Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A. At a special party.B. At a hair-dressing salon.C. At a night club.D. At a fashion show.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M: How would you like your hair today? The same style as usual?W: I have a special party to attend tonight and I'd like to change my style.Q: Where does the dialogue most probably happen?2 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】D. Zambia.D. Zambia.A. Finland.B. Egypt.C. Mexico.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W: Where would you probably go for this coming vacation?M: Hmm. I think I would go to Southern Africa.考查介词。表示“在上面”，海平线1000米以上，故填above。【28题详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：目前，研究人员正在探索保护洪崖茶自然栖息地的方法，同时进行进一步的研 究。根据now可知，使用现在进行时，主语是为researchers复数名词，故填are exploring。【29题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：培育新的植物品种用于商业用途可能需要时间，有时甚至是行不通的。本句中breed 作非谓语动词，且表将来应用不定式，且与new plant varieties构成被动关系，故用to bedone形式。故填to be bredo【30题详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：2003年，人们发现了两种天然的不含咖啡因的咖啡树，但至今鲜有报道。本句 主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且表示“自2003年到今天”为动作的持续应用现在完成时，主语为little progress, 故填 has been reportedo【点睛】名词性从句关键在于三点：一、找准从句在主句中充当的成分即分出是名词性从句的主语句、宾 语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句。二、连接词从句中充当的成分（主、宾、定或状语或不做任何成分） 三、弄清楚每个连接词的意义。此外还要注意，近年来高考对于名词性从句的考查多从名词性从句的语序 和连接词的用法区别上考查。如第二小题，句意：令人高兴的是，一种提供了所有的味道和好处，但很少 或没有咖啡因的茶树被发现。本句为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，且表示事情，故填What。Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. coiipledB. currentlyC. headD. depressingE. productF. targetG suggestH. capabilityL scoreJ. potentjallyK trickyWant to figure out if someone is a psychopath （精神变态者）？ Ask them what their favourite song is. A New York University study last year found that people who loved Eminem's Lose Yourself and Justin Bieber's What Do You Mean ? were more likely to 31 highly on the psychopathy scale than people who were into Dire Straits.Over the past few years Spotify has been enhancing its data analytic 32 in an attempt to help marketers33 consumers with adverts tailored to the mood they're in. They infer this from the sort of music you're listening to, 34 with where and when you're listening to it, along with third-party data that might be available.Now, to be clear, there9s nothing particularly 35 about what Spotify is doing with your data. I certainly don't think that they are working with shadowy consulting firms to serve you ads promoting a culture war while you9re listening to the songs that 36 you might be in a casually racist mood. Nevertheless, I find it 37 that our personal private moments with music are increasingly being turned into data points and sold to advertisers.You can see where this could go, can't you? As ad targeting gets ever more complicated, marketers will have the ability to target our emotions in 38exploitative ways. According to one study, titled Misery Is Not Miserly.you are more likely to spend more on a39 if you're feeling sad. You can imagine some companies might takeadvantage of that. And on that note, Tm feeling a little down about all this. Til 40 off to treat myself to something expensive.【答案】31.132. H33. F34. A35. K36. G37. D38. J39. E40. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了 Spotify能甄别人们的情绪，以帮助营销者根据消费者的情绪定制 广告来锁定消费者，这样的做法令人害怕。31题详解】考查动词。句意：纽约大学去年的一项研究发现，喜欢阿姆的Lose Yourself和贾斯汀比伯的What Do You Mean?的人比喜欢Dire Straits的人更有可能在心理变态量表上得高分。be likely to do sth“可能做某事”。这 里在比拟哪种人在心理上更变态，所以用得分进行比拟，所以填动词score。应选I.【32题详解】考查名词。句意：在过去的几年中，Spotify 一直在增强其数据分析能力，以帮助营销者根据消费者的情绪 定制广告来锁定目标。analytic为形容词修饰名词，根据句意，analytic修饰名词capability。应选H .【33题详解】考查动词。句意。在过去的几年中，Spotify 一直在增强其数据分析能力，以帮助营销者根据消费者的心情 定制广告来锁定目标。help sb do sth,所以空处应填动词。target consumers"以消费者为目标”为动词短语， 符合句意。应选F.【34题详解】考查过去分词。句意：他们能从你正在听的音乐类型、听音乐的地点和时间，以及可能获得的第三方数据推 断出这一点。be coupled with "与配合”。分析句子可知，the sort of music与couple在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填A.【35题详解】考查形容词。句意：现在，要明确的是，Spotify对你的数据所做的事情不是在耍什么花招。particularly为副 词修饰形容词，选项中只有tricky/depressing为形容词，但tricky符合句意，所以副词particularly形容词trickyo 应选K.【36题详解】考查动词。句意：我当然认为他们并没有和一些神秘的咨询公司合作，并没有因你听的歌暗示你偶尔有种族 主义情绪的时候，而为你推荐文化战争的广告。分析句子可知，the songs为先行词，在后面的定语从句中 作主语，而空处缺少谓语，根据句意，判断出填动词sugges俨暗示"。应选G.【37题详解】考查形容词。句意：不过，我觉得让人沮丧的是，我们在音乐上的私人时光越来越多地被转化成了数据点， 卖给了广告商。分析句子可知，本句为:“find+it+adj+that+句子”为固定用法。其中it作形式宾语，真正的主 语为that之后的从句，由句意可知，作者对音乐上的私人时光越来越多地被转化成了数据点，卖给了广告 商，这个令人失望。所以填depressing。应选D.【38题详解】考查副词。句意：随着广告定位变得越来越复杂，营销人员将有能力以潜在的剥削方式锁定我们的情绪。副 词修饰形容词exploitative。由“have the ability to”可知，营销人员将有能力以潜在的剥削方式锁定我们 的情绪。所以副词potentially修饰形容词exploitativeo应选J.【39题详解】考查名词。句意：如果你感到悲伤，你更有可能在产品上花费更多。a为冠词后接名词，由“spend”可知，钱花 费在了商品上，所以a后接名词product。应选E.【40题详解】考查动词。句意：我去买些昂贵的东西抚慰下自己吧。will为情态动词后接动词原形，head。甲动身”，符合 句意。应选C.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Keeping The Taps Running in Thirsty CitiesWater covers 71% of Earth's surface yet only 2% of it is accessible as a source of fresh water.4 on thislimited resources is rising, a trend likely to continue.It is important to recognize that it is not just city residents who 42 water. Agriculture, industry and tourism often require more water than the municipal water supply. Globally, 70% of fresh water is 43 for agriculture, but locally in heavily irrigated（灌）既）areas this can increate to 90%. A healthy environment also requiresfresh water, and the quality of available water is as important as its 44.Water stress is not always caused by physical shortages in dry areas.45for water resources betweendifferent users within river catchments or basins can also be a cause.Every thirsty city operates within its own context 46 to the challenge of providing adequate watersupplies. Cape Town, 47、has faced three years of drought during which winter rains failed to materialize. Atthe end of the 2017 rainy season the city faced the 48 of its dams running dry during 2018. The dams were only 37% full-in the same week four years before they were full to the top. In January 2018, it was 49 that Cape Town would reach Day Zero, when it would be forced to turn off the taps, in April. This was despite the city reducing its water use by more than half, from 1.2 billion litres a day in 2015 to fewer than 600 million litres, and working 50 with industry and agriculture to reduce demand.On February 1, the authorities put in place a strict limit of 50 litres of water per person per day. 51, inBritain this is considered enough for a five-minute shower of half a washing machine cycle on full load.In addition, a ban was placed on using 52 water for gardens, water management devices were installed at household with a high water use and the water pressure was reduced to cut demand and leaks. At the same, the city launched a media 53 to change habits and introduced higher duties. This is not without its costs; agriculture and tourism, both significant areas of employment, have 54, It is a classic example of the problem of watereconomics-the cost of water is low but the cost of a lack of water is very high.Crises such as the Cape Town drought are in danger of becoming the new norm. The 55 of Day Zero must serve as a wake-up call for cities across the world to develop cost-effective water management strategies to cope with an uncertain future.41. A. ImpactB. PressureC. ImpressionD. Observation42. A. recycleB. wasteC. consumeD. apply43. A. restoredB. abstractedC. separatedD. preserved44. A. changeB. sourceC. originD. volume45. A. CompetitionB. ProtectionC. ConstructionD. Regulation46. A. contributingB. regardingC. respondingD. referring47. A. in additionB. for exampleC. on the contraryD. as a result48. A. prospectB. illustrationC. symptomD. security49. A. reportedB. presentedC. predictedD. explained50. A. respectivelyB. increasinglyC. restrictivelyD. extensively51. A. By comparisonB. In other wordsC. To our surpriseD. Whafs more52. A. feasibleB. drinkableC. inevitableD. influential53. A. campaignB. statementC. presentationD. advertisement54. A. invadedB. liberatedC. sufferedD. proceeded55. A. changeB. theoryC. recordD. threat【答案】41. B42. C43. B 44. D45. A 46. C 47. B48. A 49. C 50. D 51.A 52. B53. A54. C 55. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。作者通过开普敦缺水以及所采取的措施告诉我们，有限的淡水资源本钱很低， 但是缺水的本钱非常高，呼吁世界各地的城市制定具有本钱效益的水资源管理战略，以应对不确定的未来。【41题详解】考查名词辨析。A.Impact影响；B. Pressure压力；C.Impression印象；D. Observation观察。句意:对这一有 限资源的压力正在增加，这一趋势可能继续下去。由下文可知，农业，工业，旅游业，城市居民都需要用 大量的水，所以对于这有限的水资源的压力正在增加。故B选项切题。【42题详解】考查动词辨析。A. recycle使再循环；B. waste浪费；C. consume消耗；D. apply应用。句意:重要的是要认 识到，用水的不仅仅是城市居民。城市居民用水，就是在消耗水资源。故C选项切题。【43题详解】考查动词辨析。A.restored恢复；B. abstracted提取；C.separated分开;D. preserved维护。句意:在全球范 围内，70%的淡水被提取用于农业，但是在灌溉量大的地区，这一比例会增加到90%。2%的淡水中的70% 的水量被分配给了农业。故B选项切题。【44题详解】考查名词辨析。A. change改变；B. source源头；C. origin起源；D. volume容量。句意:健康的环境也需要淡 水，可用水的质量和水量一样重要。由“quality”可知，这里在把水的质量和数量进行同级比拟。所以 “quality”对应词为volume。故D选项切题。【45题详解】考查名词辨析。A. Competition 竞争；B. Protection 保护；C. Construction 建设；D. Regulation 规贝!J。句意: 河流集水区或流域内不同用户之间对水资源的竞争也是一个原因。由uWater stress is not always caused by physical shortages in dry areasv可知，短文在说明缺水的不总是自然原因造成的，还有人为之间的竞争造成 的。故A选项切题。【46题详解】考查动词辨析。A. contributing捐助；B.regarding认为；C.responding回应；D.referring提及。句意:每个 缺水的城市都在自己的环境中运作，应对提供充足供水的挑战。由句意可知，每个缺水的城市都在运作自 己城市的水资源分配，以此来应对能够向生活中的各个方面提供充足水的挑战。故C选项切题。【47题详解】考查介词短语辨析。A. in addition 除此之外;B. for example 例如；C. on the contrary 相反地;D. as a result 因此。句意:例如，开普敦经历了三年的干旱，在此期间，冬季降雨没有出现。作者举例具有典型性的城市 作为说明。故B选项切题。【48题详解】考查名词辨析。A.prospect前景，;B. illustration说明；C.symptom病症；D. security平安。句意:2017年雨 季结束时，这座城市面临着大坝在2018年干涸的前景。由“The dams were only 37% full”可知，大坝的水 位只有37%。所以大坝的前景不容乐观，在2018年具有干涸的可能性。故A选项切题。【49题详解】考查动词辨析。A. reported报道；B. presented提出；C.predicted预测;D. explained解释。句意:2018年1 月，据预测开普敦将在4月份到达“零日”，届时它将被迫关闭水龙头。由“in April”可知，4月份是个将 来的时间，所以所发生的事情都是在预测。故C选项切题。【50题详解】考查副词辨析。A. respectively各自地；B.increasingly逐渐地;C.restrictively限制地；D.extensively广泛 地。句意:该市的用水量减少了一半以上，从2015年的每天12亿升降至不到6亿升，并与工业和农业广泛 合作以减少对水的需求。由句意可知，该市的用水量减少了一半以上，所以要在农业和工业的各个领域进 行合作，目的是减少它们对水的需求量。故D选项切题。【51题详解】考查介词短语辨析。A. By comparison比拟；B.In other words换句话说；C.To our surprise令我们惊讶的是； D. What's more况且。句意:相比之下，在英国，这被认为足够在满负荷的情况下进行五分钟的淋浴，让洗衣 机运转半个周期。将英国和开普敦进行比拟。故A选项切题。【52题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. feasible可行的；B. drinkable可饮用的；C. inevitable不可防止的； D. influential有 影响的。句意:此外，还禁止将饮用水用于花园。由前文可知，城市的用水量减少了一半以上，可见淡水资 源短缺严重，更不允许将饮用水用于浇灌花园。故B选项切题。【53题详解】考查名词辨析。A. campaign 战役；B. statement 阐述；C. presentation 展示； D. advertisement 广告。句意: 此同时，该市发起了一场媒体运动，以改变人们的习惯。城市通过媒体运动的力量，以此来改变人们的习 惯。故A选项切题。【54题详解】考查动词辨析。A. invaded侵略；B. liberated解放；C.suffered遭受；D. proceeded行进。句意:农业和旅游 业这两个重要的就业领域受到了损害。由“This is not without its costs”可知，这并非没有代价，所以判断 出农业和旅游业这两个重要的就业领域受到了损害。故C选项切题。【55题详解】考查名词辨析。A. change改变；B. theory理论；C. record记录； D. threat威胁。句意：“零日”的威胁必 须敲响警钟，呼吁世界各地的城市制定本钱效益高的水资源管理战略，以应对不确定的未来。由前文“Crises ” 可知，缺水对人们来说已经是危机，威胁着正常的生产和生活。故D选项切题。Section BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Once again DC Comics and Warner Bros, have divided fans and critics over their latest superhero film.There had been worrying news about Justice League in the months before its release, with a lot of reshoots of scenes, a new director being brought in to finish the film after original director Zack Snyder's tragic loss of his daughter and, of course, a lot of talk about Ben Affleck's future in the role of Batman.Some people are saying that Justice League is another big disappointment, that it could have been incredible and instead fails to really entertain. Others say that Warner Bros, have finally got it right and that the future for the League looks bright.My opinion lies somewhere in the middle. The film was by no means a disappointment: it was exciting, funny and a lot of fun to watch. There's something special about watching the heroes from your childhood brought to life on the big screen and maybe that is affecting my opinion.However, I will say that a lot of work needs to be done if the producer wants to make a great success. Although the film was good, it was obvious which scenes had been reshot and how the characters had been changed. I also have to mention the several scenes in which the special effects were very badly done; these are the kinds of problems that you don't expect to see in a film with such a big budget.Another point to add is that it is good to see the producer making Superman slightly a brighter character and adding some jokes to the plot to keep things fun. But the producer must be careful not to make the mistake that another film producer-here, not mentioning the name-is coming very close to doing: turning all of the films into bright and colorful shows and losing a lot of seriously good stories.In the end, Justice League is not a perfect film but it is definitely not a terrible one. A lot of work is still to be done but I hope that DC does not completely lose its darker side.56. Before the release of Justice League, many people showed their.A.pity for the director, Zack SnyderB.concern about the film's qualityC.higher expectation of the new directorD.support for the actor, Ben Affleck57. According to the author, whafs special about Justice League?A.It advocates social justice.B.It brings lots of fun to the audience.C.It has some brave heroes.D.It brings back childhood memories.58. In Paragraph 5 the author mainly wants to express his.A.views on the film's weaknessB.advice to the film's directorC.love for the filmD.expectation of the film's sequels59. The author mentioned another film producer to.A. stress the importance of fun in a filmshow Justice League's lack of a serious plotB. serve as a warning to the producer of Justice Leagueset an example for the producer of Justice League【答案】56.B57. D 58. A 59. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了作者对正义联盟这部电影的看法。【56题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “There had been worrying news about Justice League in the months before its release, with a lot of reshoots of scenes, a new director being brought in to finish the film after original director Zack Snyder tragic loss of his daughter可知，在正义联盟上映前的几个月里，一直有令人担忧的消息，原导演扎克斯奈德因女儿离世而无法继续拍摄，所以一位新导演来继续拍摄，很多场景都进行了重新拍摄， 由此可知，在上映之前，很多人都很担忧正义联盟的质量，故B项正确。【57题详解】细节理解题。