福建省福州市2014高考英语 2013暑假阅读理解训练（13）.doc

福州市2014高考英语（2013暑假）阅读理解训练（13）及答案解析社会生活型阅读理解(二)(一)Someday a stranger will read your e­mail without your permission or scan the websites youve visited.Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.In fact，its likely that some of these things have already happened to you.Who would watch you without your permission? It might be a girlfriend，a marketing company, a boss，a policeman or a criminal.Whoever it is，they will see you in a way you never intended to be seenthe 21st century equal to being caught naked(裸露的)Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, though its important to reveal(透露)yourself to friends，family and lovers in stages，at appropriate times.Actually few boundaries remain.The digital breadcrumbs(面包屑)you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are，where you are and what you like.In some cases，a simple Google search can reveal what you think.Like it or not，increasingly we_live_in_a_world_where_you_simply_cannot_keep_a_secret. The key question is：Does that matter? For many Americans, the answer apparently is“no”When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losing it. A survey found a majority of people are pessimistic about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is“slipping away, and that bothers me”But people say one thing and do another.Only a small part of Americans change any behavior in an effort to preserve their privacy.Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths(收费亭)to avoid using the EZ­Pass system that contracts(跟踪) automobile movements.And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards.Privacy economist Alessandro Acquits has run a series of tests that reveal people will submit personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50­cent­off coupon(优惠券)But privacy does matterat least sometimes.Its like health: when you have it，you dont notice it.Only when its gone do you wish youd done more to protect it.()1.From Paragraph 2，we can infer_. Acriminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology Bpeople tend to be more frank with each other in the information age Cin the 21st century people try every means to look into others secrets Dpeoples personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge()2.What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends? AThere should be a distance even between friends. BThere should be fewer quarrels between friends. CFriends should always be faithful to each other. DFriends should open their hearts to each other.()3.Why does the author say“we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret”？ AThere are always people who are curious about others affairs. BMany search engines profit by revealing peoples identities. CPeople leave traces around when using modern technology. DModern society has finally developed into an open society.()4.What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection? AThey change behavior that might disclose their identity. BThey talk a lot but hardly do anything about it. CThey rely more and more on electronic equipment. DThey use various loyalty cards for business deals.()5.According to the passage，privacy is like health in that _. Aits importance is rarely understood Bit is something that can easily be lost Cpeople will make every effort to keep it Dpeople dont treasure it until they lose it(一)主要论述在当今信息时代，个人信息因受他人窃取，而影响到私人空间。1D推理判断题。第二段提到，有谁会不经过你的许可就会注视着你呢？可能是女朋友、营销公司、老板、警察或者是罪犯。无论他是谁，他们都会以你从来没有意想到的方式看着你。而注视你的人自然能获取你的个人信息，故可推断，人们的个人信息很容易在他们不知晓的情况下被他人获取。故选D。2A细节理解题。第三段Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, though its important to reveal(透露)yourself to friends，family and lovers in stages，at appropriate times.提到，尽管在适当的时候向朋友、家人或爱人坦诚自己是重要的，但分界线是重要的，即：人与人之间还应该有适当的距离。由此判断选A。其他选项不符合文意。3C推理判断题。根据第三段可知，作者认为，与朋友之间应该有适当的距离，但实际上这种距离很少存在。因为你留下的电子面包屑(即电子痕迹)使陌生人很容易窃取你的个人资料。所以作者说，不管你喜欢或不喜欢，我们愈加生活在一个不能保密的世界里，故选C。其他选项不符合文意。4B细节理解题。根据When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losing it. A survey found a majority of people are pessimistic about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is “slipping away, and that bothers me”可知，大多数美国人希望保留私人空间，但根据But people say one thing and do another.Only a small part of Americans change any behavior in an effort to preserve their privacy.可知，他们对保护私人空间做得少。故选B。5D 细节理解题。根据最后一段But privacy does matterat least sometimes.Its like health: when you have it，you dont notice it.Only when its gone do you wish youd done more to protect it.可知，私人空间如同健康一样，拥有的时候不注意，失去的时候才觉得珍惜。由此判断选D。*结束(2010·重庆调研) Early one morning the sub­inspector at a station at the other end of the town rang me. An elephant was damaging the town. Would I please come and do something about it? I did not know what I could do, but I got onto a horse and started out. I took my gun, maybe too small to kill an elephant, but I thought the noise might scare him. Various local people stopped me on the way and told me about the elephant's doings. It was not, of course, a wild elephant, but a tame one. It had been chained up but last night it had broken its chain and escaped. Its owner, had set out to run after it, but had taken the wrong direction. He was now twelve hours' journey away, and in the morning the elephant had suddenly appeared in the town. It had already destroyed somebody's bamboo hut (棚屋), killed a cow and turned over fruit­stalls. I came round the hut and saw a man's dead body sprawling in the mud. He was an Indian, and he could not have been dead many minutes. The people said that the elephant caught him with its trunk, put its foot on his back and grounded him into the earth. This was the rainy season and he was lying on his stomach in the soft mud, the_peacebreaker standing beside, looking innocent. As I lifted my gun, I hesitated a few seconds. Then I fired. That was a shot that did for him. You could see the pain of it knock the last strength from his legs. But in falling he seemed for a moment to rise, his trunk reaching skyward like a tree. He trumpeted, for the first and only time. And then down he came, with a crash that shook the ground.1. Which of the following statements about the author is TRUE? A. He was an Indian. B. He knew elephants well. C. He was not a local villager. D. He was the owner of the elephant.2. The elephant made so much trouble because _. A. its owner treated him cruelly B. it got out of control C. it hated the village people D. it was a wild elephant3. The underlined words “the peacebreaker” in Paragraph 4 refer to _. A. the elephant B. the dead man C. the author D. the sub­inspector4. It can be inferred that the author felt _ when he shot the elephant. A. excited B. sad C. frightened D. happy答案与解析：1C正误判断题。A项错是因为被大象踩死的那个人是印度人；B项错是因为作者根本不了解大象；D项错在作者根本不是大象的主人。从第一段和第二段知，作者是奉命带上枪去制止那头捣乱的大象的，应该是警察，故C项正确，即他不是村民。2B推理判断题。从第三段知那头驯养的大象跑了出来，造成了不少麻烦。文章中没有提到A、C项，故只是那头大象失去了控制。3A指代题。从画线词the peacebreaker前后可知，它就是那头捣乱的大象。4B推理判断题。从最后一段描述的作者开枪前的犹豫及对大象死前挣扎的描述可知作者是很悲伤的。*结束二、夹叙夹议文A(2010·河南部分重点联考)Most Americans would have a difficult time telling you, specifically, what are the values which Americans live by. They have never given the matter any thought.Over the years I have introduced thousands of international visitors to life in the United States. This has caused me to try to look at Americans through the eyes of foreign visitors. I am confident that the values listed in this booklet describe most (but not all )Americans, and that understanding these values can help you, the international visitor, understand Americans. It is my belief that if foreign visitors really understand how deeply these 13 values are ingrained in Americans, they will then be able to understand 95% of American actionsactions which might otherwise appear “strange”， “confusing”， or “unbelievable” when evaluated from the perspective (aspect) of the foreigner's own society and its values. The different behaviors of a people or a culture make sense only when seen through the basic beliefs, assumptions and values of that particular group. When you encounter (meet) an action, or hear a statement in the United States which surprises you, try to see it as an expression of one or more of the values listed in this booklet.1. An ordinary American can't tell you his/her value system because _. A. this is something an American lives by B. everyone will have his/her own value system C. he/she has never thought about it D. values are something often in their thought2. The author lists 13 values in his booklet to _. A. invite foreigners to visit AmericaB. look at Americans through the eyes of foreign visitors C. describe the confusing actions of most Americans D. help international visitors understand Americans3. The underlined word “ingrained” in Line 2, Paragraph 3 most probably means “_”A. rooted in the mindsB. found in the grainsC. planted for foodD. prepared with grain4. Visitors sometimes find Americans behave in a strange, confusing or unbelievable way, probably because _. A. Americans are hard to understand B. Americans have values which are entirely different from their own C. they view Americans according to the values in their own society D. it is difficult to understand any people when you first encounter them答案与解析：本文是一本书的序言。作者观察到，很多外国游客对美国人的行为举止觉得很奇怪，而这是因为他们不了解美国人的价值观。于是作者写了一本小册子介绍这些价值观。了解了这些东西，人们就不会觉得美国人的行为“怪异、不可思议”了。1C细节理解题。第一段说，美国人很难告诉你他们奉行的价值观是什么，因为他们从来没有想过这个问题。2D推理判断题。由第二、三段的内容可知作者列出美国人的13条价值观是为了帮助外国游客理解美国人的行为举止。3A词义猜测题。结合上下文内容可知这13条是美国人从来不加考虑而奉行的价值观，因此这些是深深地扎根于美国人的大脑中的东西，画线词的含义应该是A项。4C推理判断题。第三段说假如外国游客从自己的文化价值观的角度去看美国人的行为，他们就会觉得美国人的行为表现“怪异，让人看不懂，难以相信”，由此可知选C项。*结束- 7 -