云南省昆明市第一中学2021届高三英语下学期第九次考前适应性训练试题含解析.doc

云南省昆明市第一中学2021届高三英语下学期第九次考前适应性训练试题（含解析）本试卷共三个部分。考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。满分120分，考试用时100 分钟。注意事项：1答题前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写清 楚，并认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名、考场号、座位号及科目，在规定的位置上贴好条形码。2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦擦 干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。答在试卷上的答案无效。第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AIf a steaming bowl of soup strikes you as the ultimate in comfort, you've got plenty of company. Soup is one of the world's oldest and most universal foods.These are CNN's nominations for 4 of the best soups around the world:Beef pho / VietnamBroth is simmered for hours with cinnamon, star anise and other warm spices to create a wonderfully fragrant base for this noodle soup.Beef pho remains the most beloved version in Vietnam, with options that include the original raw beef, a mix of raw and cooked beef.Bouillabaisse / FranceBouillabaisse distills classic Mediterranean flavors into a dish which has the same meaning as the coastal city of Marseille. Saffron, olive oil, fennel, garlic and tomatoes blend with fish fresh from the sea.Lanzhou beef noodle soup / ChinaShaping-or pulling-la mian noodles by hand for this traditional soup is an art in itself. Artisans use a finely milled, high-gluten flour and alkaline powder to mix a stretchy dough, then pull and fold a single piece of dough to make enough noodles for a bowl of soup.Slip them into a bowl of beef soup for a world-class soup that includes tender beef, pale slices of carrots, chili oil and fresh herbs.Tom yum goong / ThailandSweet, sour, spicy and salty, this soup's magnificent broth is the ideal foil for sweet, tender shrimp. Fragrant ingredients include galangal, lemongrass and lime leaves, while slivers of bright red bird's eye chilis add additional heat.Tom yum goong is just one of many varieties of tom yum soup in Thailand - this version comes enriched with fat prawns, and is a favorite with many diners.1. If you feel like having a taste of western flavour, you may choose_.A. Beef phoB. BouillabaisseC. Lanzhou beef noodle soupD. Tom yum goong2. What do Beef pho and Lanzhou beef noodle soup have in common?A. They're served with noodles.B. They're famous for being spicy.C. Seafood is one of their ingredients.D. The processes of them look artistical.3. Red bird's eye chilis can make the soup .A. sweetB. sourC. spicyD. salty【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。本文介绍了四种CNN提名的汤料理。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Bouillabaisse / France部分中“Bouillabaisse distills classic Mediterranean flavors into a dish which has the same meaning as the coastal city of Marseille. ( Bouillabaisse将经典的地中海风味提炼成一道如同海滨城市马赛一样的菜肴)”可知，如果您喜欢吃西餐，您可以选择Bouillabaisse。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Beef pho / Vietnam部分中“Broth is simmered for hours with cinnamon, star anise and other warm spices to create a wonderfully fragrant base for this noodle soup.(汤汁与肉桂、八角和其他温热的香料一起炖煮数小时，为这道面汤创造出美妙的香味)”以及Lanzhou beef noodle soup部分中“Artisans use a finely milled, high-gluten flour and alkaline powder to mix a stretchy dough, then pull and fold a single piece of dough to make enough noodles for a bowl of soup. (工匠们用细磨的高筋面粉和碱性粉来混合一个有弹性的面团，然后拉折一个面团，做出足够一碗汤的面条)”可知，牛肉河粉和兰州牛肉面的共同之处是它们是和面条一起吃的。故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Fragrant ingredients include galangal, lemongrass and lime leaves, while slivers of bright red bird's eye chilis add additional heat.(香味浓郁的配料包括高良姜、柠檬草和莱姆叶，而鲜红的鸟眼辣椒则增添了更多的辣味)”可知，鸟眼红辣椒可以让汤更辣。故选C。BAbout 2,400 years ago in Athens a man was put to death for asking too many questions. If philosophy has a patron saint （领航者），it is Socrates.Shabby and a bit strange, Socrates did not fit in. Although physically ugly and often unwashed, he had great charm and a brilliant mind. Everyone in Athens agreed that there had never been anyone quite like him and probably wouldn't be again. He was unique.As a young man, he had been a brave soldier fighting in the Peloponnesian War against the Spartans and their allies. In middle age, he wandered around the marketplace, stopping people from time to time and asking them awkward questions. That was more or less all he did. But the questions he asked were razor-sharp.Over and over again Socrates demonstrated that the people he met in the marketplace didn't really know what they thought they knew. A military commander would begin a conversation totally confident that he knew what "courage" meant, but after 20 minutes in Socrates' company, he would leave completely confused. The experience must have been disconcerting. Socrates loved to reveal the limits of what people genuinely understood, and to question the assumptions on which they built their lives.The word "philosopher" comes from the Greek words meaning "love of wisdom”. The kind of wisdom that it values is based on argument, reasoning and asking questions, not on believing things simply because someone important has told you they are true. Wisdom for Socrates was not knowing lots of facts, but knowing how to do something. It meant understanding the true nature of our existence, including the limits of what we can know. Philosophers today are doing more or less what Socrates was doing: asking tough questions, looking at reasons and evidence, struggling to answer some of the most important questions we can ask ourselves about the nature of reality and how we should live.4. What can we learn about Socrates?A. He always dressed himself properly and neatly.B. He used to be an anti-war activist when young.C. He had a sharp mind and the spirit of insistence.D. He was enthusiastic about bargaining in the supermarket.5. What does the underlined word “ disconcerting " in Paragraph 4 mean?A. Awesome.B. Enjoyable.C. Disturbing.D. Risky.6. What is the wisdom from philosophy?A. Learning to argue, reason and ask.B. Having faith in what experts told you.C. Figuring out how to solve the question.D. Managing to have access to lots of facts.7. Which column is the passage taken from?A. Politics.B. Economy.C. Society.D. Culture.【答案】4. C 5. C 6. A 7. D【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。介绍了哲学的领航者苏格拉底通过不断地争论、质疑、寻问来展现出真正的智慧。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“Although physically ugly and often unwashed, he had great charm and a brilliant mind.( 虽然他身体丑陋，经常不洗澡，但他有一个有魅力的，聪明的头脑)”及第三段第二句话“In middle age, he wandered around the marketplace, stopping people from time to time and asking them awkward questions.( 到了中年，他在市集随处走动，时不时拦下路人，问他们一些难以回答的问题。)”可推断，苏格拉底具有敏捷的思维及坚持不懈的毅力。故选C。【5题详解】词句猜测题 根据上文“A military commander would begin a conversation totally confident that he knew what "courage" meant, but after 20 minutes in Socrates' company, he would leave completely confused.( 一位军事指挥官开始谈话时完全相信他知道“勇气”是什么意思，但与苏格拉底在一起20分钟后，他感到非常困惑。)”，可知，一位指挥官，原来很自信地说自己能够诠释什么是勇气，可是与苏格拉底在一起后，却显得迷惑，可知这种经历是令人不安的。故划线词与C项“令人不安的”意思相近。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段的“The kind of wisdom that it values is based on argument, reasoning and asking questions, not on believing things simply because someone important has told you they are true.( 他所推崇的智慧是建立在论证，推理和提问的基础上的，而不是仅仅因为某个重要的人告诉你这些事情是真的就相信它们)”可知，哲学的智慧是学会争论，质疑和寻问。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了哲学的领航者苏格拉底通过不断地争论、质疑、寻问来展现出真正的智慧，介绍了苏格拉底的哲学。因此推断本文取材于文化类别。故选D。CIf you frequently Google language-related questions, you've probably seen an advertisement for Grammarly, an automated grammar-checker. Grammarly advertises its ability not only to fix a variety of mistakes like spelling and grammar, but to replace the poor words and expressions with proper ones and improve styles too. Does it achieve what it advertises? Sometimes. But sometimes Grammarly doesn't do what it should.Artificial-intelligence systems like Grammarly are trained with data. Developers also manually add certain rules to the patterns that Grammarly has taught itself. The software then looks at a user's article: if a string of words seems ungrammatical, it tries to spot how the mistake most closely resembles one from its training inputs.All this shows how far artificial intelligence is from the human kind. Computers have advantages over humans at problems that can be solved with pure maths, such as chess. Advances in language technology have been impressive in fields, such as speech recognition. But grammar is the real magic of language. And machines are no match for humans. Computers can have a good command of labelling things like nouns and verb phrases. But they struggle with grammatical sentences that are difficult to analyse precisely.To correct such articles requires knowing what the writer has intended. But computers don't work in meaning or intention; they work in formulae （公式）. Humans, by contrast, can understand even rather complex grammar, because of the ability to guess the contents of other minds. Grammar-checking computers illustrate not how bad humans are with language, but just how good.8. According to the advertisement, Grammarly can help users_.A. polish the compositionsB. collect materials of writingC. translate the essay into what you needD. master the rules of spelling and grammar9. In what way is artificial intelligence at a disadvantage?A. Playing chess.B. Speech recognition.C. Labelling nouns and verb phrases.D. Analysing grammatical sentences.10. What is the writer's attitude to grammar-checking computers?A. Praiseful.B. Unfavorable.C. Ambiguous.D. Uncaring.11. What's the main idea of the passage?A. Humans have advantages over artificial intelligence.B. A popular software to correct grammatical mistakes.C. Artificial intelligence has some problems with grammar.D. The advantages and disadvantages of artificial intelligence.【答案】8. A 9. D 10. B 11. C【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了当人工智能遇到语法时：问题出现了。人工智能时代，靠机器改作文并不靠谱。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一自然段的“Grammarly advertises its ability not only to fix a variety of mistakes like spelling and grammar, but to replace the poor words and expressions with proper ones and improve styles too(Grammarly宣称它不仅能够修复各种错误，如拼写和语法，而且也能够用正确的单词和表达取代糟糕的单词和表达，并改进风格)”可知，Grammarly这一软件不仅可以改正拼写及语法错误，还能帮你给文章润色。故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三自然段的“But grammar is the real magic of language. And machines are no match for humans(但语法是语言真正的魅力。机器与人类无法相比)”可知，在语法上，人类比人工智能更有优势。故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一个“To correct such articles requires knowing what the writer has intended. But computers don't work in meaning or intention; they work in formulae （公式）. ( 要纠正这些文章，就需要知道作者的意图。但是计算机在意义或意图上都是无效的；它们按照公式工作。)”可推断，作者对grammer-checking computer的态度是不支持的。故选B。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的“Grammarly advertises its ability not only to fix a variety of mistakes like spelling and grammar, but to replace the poor words and expressions with proper ones and improve styles too(Grammarly宣称它不仅能够修复各种错误，如拼写和语法，而且也能够用正确的单词和短语取代糟糕的单词和表达，并改进风格)”和“But sometimes Grammarly doesn't do what it should.(但有时Grammarly并不能做它应该做的事情)”以及文章其他内容可知，本文讲述了人工智能在语法方面存在问题，人工智能并不能替代人类。故选项C“人工智能在语法方面有一些问题”具有最好的概括性和针对性。故选C。DTaking an afternoon nap could keep your brain sharp, a new study has found. Adults ages 60 and older who took afternoon naps showed signs of better mental mind compared to those who didn't nap, according to a study published in General Psychiatry earlier this week.Researchers analyzed napping habits in 2, 214 Chinese people aged 60 and older and measured their cognitive abilities using several cognitive tests. Participants took the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Beijing version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, both of which test for memory, language and other cognitive abilities. In every category listed in the study, nappers scored statistically higher on average compared to those non-napping people. Researchers did not gather data from people under 60, so a correlation cannot be drawn between napping and younger generations.Sleeping behaviors can be affected by a variety of factors, said Dr. David Neubauer, associate professor at Johns Hopkins University. Daily routines, medication use and sleep disorders can all play a role in how frequently someone takes a nap, he said.Neubauer recommended taking a shorter “power nap" of up to 20 minutes to decrease the chances of transitioning into slow-wave sleep, which makes people feel dizzy when they wake up. Napping can be a healthy part of an older adult's day, Neubauer acknowledged, but make sure sleepiness isn't due to a treatable nighttime sleep disorder. "Older individuals who want to do all they can to preserve their cognitive functioning should put nighttime sleep in the first place."12. What is the age range of the participants?A. Under 60.B. From 60 to 70.C. At 60.D. 60 and above.13. What has the participants tested in the research?A. Recognizing flavors.B. Language competence.C. Eating habits.D. Sight sensitivity.14. What kind of sleep will make people dizzy?A. Slow-wave sleep.B. Nighttime sleep.C. Power nap.D. Oversleeping.15. What is the best title of the passage?A. The Factors Affacting Sleeping BehaviorsB. It Is No Good for the Young to Take a NapC. A Research Aimed at Monitoring Sleeping Quality for the OldD. An Afternoon Nap Could Improve the Old's Cognitive Ability【答案】12. D 13. B 14. A 15. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现，午睡能够改善老年人的认知能力。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话“Researchers analyzed napping habits in 2,214 Chinese people aged 60 and older and measured their cognitive abilities using several cognitive tests”（研究人员分析了2214名60岁及以上中国人的午睡习惯，并使用多项认知测试来测量他们的认知能力）可知，此次参加者的年龄是60岁及60岁以上的老年人。故选D项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第二句话“Participants took the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Beijing version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, both of which test for memory, language and other cognitive abilities”（参与者参加了迷你精神状态测试和北京版的蒙特利尔认知评估，这两种测试都是为了测试记忆、语言和其他认知能力）可知，参与者参加的是语言能力的测试。故选B项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段第一句话“Neubauer recommended taking a shorter "power nap" of up to 20 minutes to decrease the chances of transitioning into slow-wave sleep, which makes people feel dizzy when they wake up”（Neubauer建议小睡20分钟以减少过渡到慢波睡眠的可能性，慢波睡眠会让人醒来时感到眩晕）可知，慢波睡眠会让人醒来时感觉头晕。故选A项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。观察文章结构可知，文章采用了总分结构进行说明；主旨句为第一段第一句“Taking an afternoon nap could keep your brain sharp”（午睡可以让你的大脑保持敏锐）；再结合后文的“Adults ages 60 and older who took afternoon naps showed signs of better mental mind compared to those who didn't nap”（60岁及以上的成年人中，午睡的人比不午睡的人表现出更好的精神状态）可知，本文主要介绍的是午睡对于提高老年人认知能力的作用。故选D项。【点睛】第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Essential Minerals: Healthy or Hazardous?A new theory says that an excess (过量) of two common minerals iron and copper may be behind some cases of Alzheimer's and heart disease. These minerals are essential for good health. _16_ It's clear that most Americans over 50 get a mass of these minerals. In fact, older men consume more than double the recommended dietary allowance of iron._17_ Not yet known, says nutrition researcher Richard Wood, PhD of the University of Massachusetts, Amherst but he and other experts agree that if you're over 50, it's worth taking some e