陕西省2013年高考英语二轮复习 题型技法指导专题六 信息匹配.doc

2013年高考第二轮复习英语陕西版题型技法指导专题六信息匹配真题试做（一）（2012·陕西高考）ABe well­organised.BClose with a Q & A.CDon't be contradictory.DBring it to a specific end.ESpeak slowly and pause.FDrop unnecessary words.Speaking to a group can be difficult，but listening to a bad speech is truly a tiresome taskespecially when the speaker is confusing.Don't want to confuse your audience？Follow these suggestions：1When it comes to understanding new information，the human brain needs a little time.First，we hear the words；then，we compare the new information to what we already know.If the two are different，we need to pause and think.But a breathless speaker never stops to let us think about what he or she is saying and risks confusing us.Slow it down.And breathe.2Sometimes we all start a sentence one way and then switch directions，which is very difficult to follow.When you confuse your listeners with opposing information，you leave the audience wondering what part of the information is right and what part they should remember.Instead of relying on keeping correcting yourself，work to get the facts clear and straight.3Jumping from point to point as it comes to your mind puts the onus（责任）on your listeners to make up for your lack of organisation.And it's confusing for them to listen，reorganise，and figure out what you're saying all at once.But going smoothly from one point to the next helps them understand information more easily.You can arrange things from beginning to end，small to large，top to bottom or by some other order.Just be sure to organise.4Repeated use of um，ah，like，you know and some other useless noises can drive an audience crazy.It makes the speaker sound uncertain and unprepared，and it can leave listeners so annoyed that they can't pay attention.Recently I attended a speech that was marked by so many ums that audience members were rolling their eyes.Was anybody grasping the intended message？Um，probably not.5Many speakers finish up their speeches with question­and­answer（Q & A）sessions，but some let the Q & A go on without a clear end.The audience is often left confused about whether the meeting is over and when they can get up and leave.Do your listeners a favour by setting a time limit on questions，and close your speech with a specific signaleven if it's something simple like，“If you have any more questions，you know where to reach me.”Or even more to the point，conclude your speech with“Thanks for your time.”（二）（2012·上海高考）AWhen a child should learn to readBWhy it is fun to teach a child readingCWhat if a child has reading problemsDHow you prepare a young child for readingEWhat is the best way to teach a child readingFWhether reading early promises later achievements1Learning to read early has become one of those indicatorsin parents' minds at leastthat their child is smart.In fact，reading early has very little to do with whether a child is successful academically.Research has shown that difficulty with reading is often due not to inferior intelligence but to differences in the developmental wiring of each individual child.In some cases，there are neurological problems and developmental lags that can be overcome with proper training.2Traditionally，American schools teach children at age six，but many schools begin teaching informally in kindergarten and pre­kindergarten.If parents start too early to encourage reading，and a child does not immediately succeed，the parent has a hard time relaxing and letting the child go at his or her own pace.3Over the years，research has proved that the use of both the “whole language” method and the “phonic”method works best for a child to master reading.While the whole language approach，which includes reading to children and getting them interested in both the activity of reading and the story they are reading，is helpful，phonics must be taught.Children must be taught that one of the squiggles they see is a “p” and another a “b”Getting the print off the page requires a different ability than being able to understand the meaning of what is written.4You can start developing the skills needed in reading at a very young age without putting any pressure on children.Besides reading to them，parents can start “ear training” their child by playing rhyme games.This develops the child's ability to recognize different sounds.In reading to children，parents also can point to words as they go，teaching the child that the funny lines on the page are the words you are saying.All this should be a fun activity.5Once a child is in school，the learning of reading is inevitably more serious.For children who have some kind of reading difficulty，you must get a professional diagnosis.While the teacher might say the child is merely disinterested but will get over it，disinterest or poor performance in reading can stem from a number of things，some being very specific learning disabilities that can be identified and worked on.But it is very tricky for parents to deal with their own child's learning disabilities.考向分析“信息匹配题”出现在阅读理解第二节，主要考查考生对文章整体内容把握及对段落大意的归纳和概括能力。这道题既考查了考生的快速阅读能力，又考查了考生获取信息、分析信息和处理信息的综合运用英语的能力。其具体特点如下：1选文以说明文或议论文为主，其材料基本保留了原有的语言风格，因此词汇量较大；文章较长（400词左右），所含信息量也很大。2文章结构简单，层次分明，每段谈论一个问题，中心明确，大多段落有中心句。3选项简明扼要，主要以词数不多的短语或句子呈现。有一项为多余选项，并且个别选项之间有交叉重叠的部分，这就需要学生能够抓住主要信息或关键词语，对其进行区别辨析。答题步骤1细读选项，抓关键信息点六选五的答案选项只多出一项，并且给出的都是短语或句子，我们可以通过阅读选项，把选项中的关键词汇（名词，动词，形容词和副词等）标记出来，从而方便找出各段落和选项的匹配点。2通读全文，理清各段落间逻辑关系通读全文，理清各段落之间的关系。阅读时要特别注意文章有没有标题，以及利用各段的首句和尾句抓住段落大意。3分析易混段落及选项，确定答案有时个别选项和段落之间有一定的关联，甚至不容易区分。这时我们就应详细分析相关选项使其不同点无限扩大，同时可以回归文章主题。4复查匹配信息，确保无误如果时间允许，可将所选的项目与段落再次进行对比、匹配，检查和避免一些疏漏和错误之处。技法指导1阅读各段落时一定要抓住关键句，千万不要把注意力过多地放在一些生词上，应注意整体理解，同时注意各句之间的并列、转折、递进等关系。2先易后难，逐个解决做此题时，由于其文体特点及考试的要求，考生可以先处理比较容易的段落，不必按部就班，拘泥于文章的段落顺序。3选一个划一个，减少干扰。同时可以缩小后面题的选择范围，提高做题的速度和准确性。误区警示（2012陕西省考试说明所附信息匹配样题）根据短文内容，从下框的AF选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余项。AA careful analysis biologicallyBWhat is global warming？CSolution to the terrifying resultDGreater danger of extinctionEMany shocking things were found.FA shocking report61The earth is getting warmer.People burn coal，oil and gas and this produces carbon dioxide，methane（沼气）and nitrous oxide.These gases，called “greenhouse gases”，prevent the heat of the sun from leaving the earth's upper atmosphere and this makes the earth warmer.62A few weeks ago a group of scientists produced a report about global warming and the natural world.They wanted to find out if global warming was dangerous for plants and animals.According to what they found，the scientists say that during the next 50 years about 25% of land animals and plants will become extinct（灭绝）More than a million plant and animal species（物种）will be extinct by 2050.63More than 10% of all plants and animals will become extinct.It is too late to save many plants and animals because of the greenhouse gases that are already in the atmosphere.But the scientists say if we control greenhouse gases now，we could save many more plants and animals from extinction.64The scientists studied some regions of the world with a very rich biology.These regions were Europe，Australia，Central and South America，and South Africa.Their studies showed that species living in mountainous areas had a better chance of survival because they could move uphill，to get cooler.In flat areas，such as deserts，plants and animals would have to move a very long distance to get cooler，so they are in greater danger of extinction.65The scientists found that half of the 24 species of butterflies they studied in Australia would soon become extinct.60% of the species in the Kruger National Park in South Africa would also die out，and more than 100% of the 300 South Africa plant species they studied would also become extinct.One of the plants in danger of extinction is the national flower of South Africa，the King Protea.They studied 163 tree species in the Cerrado region of Brazil and found that 70 would become extinct.Many of the plants and trees that live in this region live nowhere else in the world.In Mexico，they studied 1,870 species and found that more than 30% of these were in danger of extinction.答案：BFCAE错混辨析：1关键信息点词汇理解失误62F首先要看到本段第一句话中的“report”一词可知本段介绍报告，接着文中提到一些数据，由这些数据可知，这是一个令人（shocking）震惊的报告，所以本段的主旨大意与F项匹配。D项有干扰，由于段落中出现了“dangerous”和“extinct”这两个词汇，而D项“Greater danger of extinction”（灭绝的巨大危险）中有和本段重合的词汇。但本段并未提及到具体的危险。2个别段落理解以偏概全64A本段第一句就讲到有关生物方面的研究，再看看后面的研究报告中的分析，就可以断定本段的主旨大意是A项。本题易误选D项，虽然D项出现在本段最后一句，但不能概括本段的主旨。65E快速浏览最后一段，可以发现里面有大量数据，而这些数据正是反映全球变暖所引起的物种大灭绝的可怕事实，所以本段主旨大意应该是E项。如果不细心思考，很可能会选D项，原因是最后一段中多次出现“extinct”和“extinction”。（一）（2012·西安八校联考）AThe location of the green buildingBThe attitude of the author to the green buildingCGreen buildings will become popular in the future.DThe definition of a green buildingEThe development of the green buildingFThe example of a green building1These days a green building means more than just the color of the paint.Green building can also refer to environmentally friendly houses，factories，and offices.A green building means “reducing the impact（影响）of the building on the land”，Taryn Holowka of the US.Green Building Council in Washington，D.C.，said.2According to Holowaka，buildings account for 65 percent of the total US.electricity use.But green buildings can reduce energy and water use.Also，the buildings are often located near public transportation such as buses and subways，so that people can drive their cars less.That could be good for the environment，because cars use lots of gas and give off pollution.Green buildings are often built on developed land，so that the buildings don't destroy forests.3Mary Dettling is a project manager for the building that put these ideas into action.The Solaire has been called the country's first green high­rise building.According to Dettling，“We've reduced our energy use by one­third and our water by 50 percent”The Solaire also has lights that automatically turn off when people leave the room.In addition，the building has lots of windows，allowing people to use the sun for light during the day.The Solaire cuts water using.4Not everyone is eager to move into a green building，however.Some people think that things like solar panels cost more money than more traditional energy sources.Anyhow，Holowaka said，“It's going to take off.”5So I like a green building better than a common building because it can save a lot of energy such as electricity as well as water，though it will cost more money.I hope we human beings can enjoy a clean and comfortble natural environment.（二）（2012·陕西西工大附中模拟）ADecide to Be HappyBLower Your ExpectationsCLearn to Enjoy the MomentDLook for the Good in EverythingELet People Deal with Their Own ProblemsFFocus More on What You Can Control Than on What You Can'tSo many times I hear people say that they will be happy once a certain event occurs.They think that once they move into a new house，start their new job，travel or retire they will be happy.But it doesn't work that way.If you truly want to be happy，here's what to do.1You are not just a victim of circumstances or your emotions.Think about it this way.If you are in a horrible argument with someone，and the person you most respect enters the room，what will happen? The fighting will likely stop immediately，your mood will change，and so will your behavior.You do have control，and you are the one who decides how you will face the day!2We are never disappointed unless we have expectations.If you base your emotions on the need for certain things to happen，you will likely be let down most of the time.Instead，work hard，and treat everything good that happens as a bonus for which you can be thankful.3Don't get too wrapped up in issues involving friends or family.We are each responsible for our own lives，and even when someone makes a bad mistake，it is not up to you to make things better.And remember that worry doesn't help anyone!4You might not be satisfied with your income，but there's no point complaining about it.Improve your diploma so that you can get a better job in the future.You may have an incurable illness，such as diabetes，but the fact that it's incurable doesn't mean that it cannot be managed.5You don't have to be a pollyanna（盲目乐观者）about life，but you can see the bright side of almost every situation if you just make a point of looking for it.Happiness is not an uncatchable mouse！Once you have made up your mind that you are going to be happy despite what is going on around you，the task becomes easier.One of the key things to remember is that happiness doesn't come from outside but begins on the inside and actually spread outward，and can influence everyone around you in a positive manner.（三）ATreasure every momentBWhat we always frustrateCThere's no better time than right nowDTime waits for no oneELife is limitedFOne of my favourite quotes1We always convince ourselves that life will be better after we get married，have a baby，than another.Then we are frustrated that the kids aren't old enough and we'll be more content when they are.After that we're frustrated that we have teenagers to deal with.We will certainly be happy when they are out of that stage.2We always tell ourselves that our life will be complete when our spouse gets his or her act together.When we get a nice car，and are able to go on a nice vacation when we retire.The truth is，there's no better time than right now.If not now，when? our life will always be filled with challenges.It's best to admit this to ourselves and decide to be happy anyway.3One of my favorite quotes comes from Alfred Souza.He said，“For a long time it had seemed to me that life was about to begin­real life.But there was always some obstacle in the way，something to be gotten through first，some unfinished business，time still to be served，a debt to be paid.4Then life would begin.At last it dawned on me that these obstacles were my life.This perspective has helped me to see that there is no way to happiness.Happiness is the way.So treasure every moment that you have.5And remember that time waits for no one.So stop waiting until you finish school，until you go back to school; until you get married，until you get divorced; until you have kids; until you retire; until you get a new car or home; until spring; until you are born again to decide that there is no better time than right now to be happy.Happiness is a journey，not a destination.So，work like you don't need money，love like you've never been hurt，And dance like no one's watching.（四）AA short history of naming hurricanesBMake use of the hurricane energyCDifficulty in forecasting the course of a hurricaneDHuge energy stored in a hurricaneEForecasting a hurricane through satellite watchingFDifferent names for the same thingsHurricanes1D