初中英语阅读理解技巧点拨课件.ppt

关于初中英语阅读理解技巧点拨现在学习的是第1页，共34页一、一、先读问题，弄清考查要点先读问题，弄清考查要点，以便能带着问题，以便能带着问题看文章，这样会心中有数，有的放矢。看文章，这样会心中有数，有的放矢。二、二、快速浏览全文，掌握全貌快速浏览全文，掌握全貌，注意发现与问题有，注意发现与问题有关的信息，如果时间紧，至少要扫视一下起首段和尾关的信息，如果时间紧，至少要扫视一下起首段和尾段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想，这样全文段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想，这样全文大意便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答题。大意便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答题。现在学习的是第2页，共34页三、三、细读原文，捕捉相关信息词细读原文，捕捉相关信息词，掌握短文细节内容。这，掌握短文细节内容。这是解题的关键，应特别注意以下几点：是解题的关键，应特别注意以下几点：1抓住四个抓住四个W和一个和一个H，就是边读边用铅笔做些标记，就是边读边用铅笔做些标记，把把What(事件事件)，When（时间），（时间），Where（地点），（地点），Why（原（原因），因），How（经过）划出来。抓住了四个（经过）划出来。抓住了四个“W”和一个和一个“H”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的问题便可解决。就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的问题便可解决。2抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、介词、插入语等抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、介词、插入语等。因为这些词具有因果，让步，递进，转折，指代，列举及承上启下因为这些词具有因果，让步，递进，转折，指代，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。这对考生分清文章层次，辨明各种等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。这对考生分清文章层次，辨明各种关系，了解人物心理，推断作者意图，进行逻辑推理等手段来分析关系，了解人物心理，推断作者意图，进行逻辑推理等手段来分析难点，都具有举足轻重的作用。难点，都具有举足轻重的作用。3注意领会文章的寓意注意领会文章的寓意。现在学习的是第3页，共34页4根据题意，初选答案根据题意，初选答案。这一步须仔细审题，。这一步须仔细审题，领会测试要求，确定解题方法。对那些明显的，有把领会测试要求，确定解题方法。对那些明显的，有把握的题可以断然确定，不必把其余三个答案再作推敲握的题可以断然确定，不必把其余三个答案再作推敲而浪费时间：有些略难的题，应再查阅短文（不是重而浪费时间：有些略难的题，应再查阅短文（不是重读一遍），迅速找出依据，予以排除。读一遍），迅速找出依据，予以排除。常用的解题方常用的解题方法有如下几种法有如下几种：直接解题法直接解题法。即从原文中直接找出答案。即从原文中直接找出答案。归纳解题法归纳解题法。对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的。对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、归纳得出可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、归纳得出正确答案。正确答案。现在学习的是第4页，共34页综合推理法综合推理法。读者需统观全文，认真分析，综合推理及。读者需统观全文，认真分析，综合推理及至计算，最后归纳出正确答案。至计算，最后归纳出正确答案。题干中有题干中有suggest,conclude,conclusion,probably,reason,because,accordingto“等字眼时，属于推断概括型，等字眼时，属于推断概括型，考查内容着眼于全篇，考生应具备一定的分析归纳，推理等逻考查内容着眼于全篇，考生应具备一定的分析归纳，推理等逻辑思维能力。辑思维能力。捕捉关键词捕捉关键词。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词，近。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案。义词，反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案。转换解题法转换解题法。即原文这么说，而在问题和所给选项中则用另。即原文这么说，而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义。外的词去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义。排除法排除法。根据语言，句法结构，信息词和常识，在没。根据语言，句法结构，信息词和常识，在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案。有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案。现在学习的是第5页，共34页四、四、重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案。重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案。在解完最后一在解完最后一道题后，如果时间允许，再将原文读一遍；用全文的道题后，如果时间允许，再将原文读一遍；用全文的主题思想统率各思考题，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系主题思想统率各思考题，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，目的在于对所做答案进一步审查，推出未解答的题，目的在于对所做答案进一步审查，推出未解答的题，以便减少失误。，以便减少失误。现在学习的是第6页，共34页现在学习的是第7页，共34页一、根据文章内容判断正误一、根据文章内容判断正误Fredtelephonedhiswife.“Ivegottwofreeticketsforthetheatretonight,”hetoldher.“Meetmeoutsidetheoffice.Wellhavesomethingtoeatandthengoontothetheatre.”Fredswifewasverypleased.Theyhadntbeentothetheatreforalongtime.Shemetherhusbandashetoldher.Theyhaddinnerandgottothetheatrejustintime.AttheentranceFredtookouthiswallettogetthetickets.“Itsverystrange,”hesaid.“Theyarenthere!”“Tryyourpockets,”saidhiswife.Buttheticketswerentthere,either.ThenFredlookedveryembarrassed(尴尬尴尬).“Whatsthematter?”askedhiswife.“Well,”Fredsaid,“IrememberwhatIdidwithmytickets.Iputtheminmybag.ButbecauseIwasntgoinghome,Ileftitintheoffice!”现在学习的是第8页，共34页()1.Oneday,Fredwasgiventheticketsforthetheatre.()2.Fredandhiswifewenttothetheatrequiteoften.()3.Fredwantedtomeethiswifeinarestaurant.()4.Theyreachedthetheatreneitherlatenorearly.()5.ThenFredcouldntfindhisticketsandrememberedwhathehaddonewiththetickets.1 1、T T 因为第一段中提到因为第一段中提到Fred told his wife Fred told his wife “Ive got two free tickets”“free”“Ive got two free tickets”“free”此处是免费的意思。此处是免费的意思。2 2、F F 第二段中提到第二段中提到“They hadnt been to the theaterThey hadnt been to the theater for a long time.”for a long time.”3 3、F F 第一段中第一段中FredFred说说“Meet me outside the office.”Meet me outside the office.”4 4、T T 第二段中第二段中“in time”in time”是及时的意思。是及时的意思。5T 5T 结尾处提到的。结尾处提到的。现在学习的是第9页，共34页DavidMcConnellsoldbooksfromdoortodoor.Housewives(家庭家庭主妇主妇)werenotinterestedinthebooks.Usuallybeforehehadenoughtimetosayanythingabouthisbooks,thewomenclosedtheirdoors.Buthedidntgiveup.McConnelldecidedtobringeachofthemapresent,asmallbottleofperfume(香水香水)madebyhimself.Hesoonfoundthatthewomenlikedtheperfumebetterthanthebooks.Hestoppedsellingbookstosellperfumeinsteadandstartedhisowncompany“Avon”,whichisagreatsuccess.Whenyoudonothing,youlearnnothing.Butwhenyoutry,eventhoughyouarenotsuccessful,youwilllearnwhatdoesntworkandthatputsyouclosertowhatwillwork.Itdoesntmatterhowmanytimesyouarenotsuccessful.Itdoesmatterthatyouwillbesuccessfuloneday.现在学习的是第10页，共34页Edisonwasnotonthewaytosuccessuntilpeopleboughthisfirstinvention.SuccessonceisenoughforEdison.Andthesameforyousuccessonceisenough.()1.McConnellwassuccessfulasabook-seller.()2.McConnellhopedthosewomenwouldbuyhisbooksifhebroughtthemeachapresent.()3.Ifyoudonothingatall,youwillneverbesuccessful.()4.Edisonwassuccessfulattheverybeginning.()5.Thewriterencouragedustotryasmuchaswecan.F T T F TF T T F T现在学习的是第11页，共34页1 1、F F 从第一段从第一段“He stopped selling books to sell He stopped selling books to sell perfume stead.”perfume stead.”，可以判断出他在推销书方面并不成，可以判断出他在推销书方面并不成功。功。2 2、T T 第一段第三行提到第一段第三行提到“McConnell decided to McConnell decided to bring each of them a present,”bring each of them a present,”。3 3、T T 这句是第二段前两句的解释。这句是第二段前两句的解释。4 4、F F 最后一段，第一句说明最后一段，第一句说明Edison Edison 的发明被人们认的发明被人们认可后才走上了成功之路。可后才走上了成功之路。5 5、T T 第二段中作者提出了自己的观点。第二段中作者提出了自己的观点。现在学习的是第12页，共34页 Sociologists(Sociologists(社会学家社会学家),working in western),working in western countries,have found that countries,have found that a large number ofa large number of women women wished they had been born men.The number is said to be wished they had been born men.The number is said to be as high asas high as 60%in Germany.60%in Germany.“Women often wish they had the same chances as men “Women often wish they had the same chances as men have,and think it is still mens world,”said Dr have,and think it is still mens world,”said Dr James Helen,one of the sociologists who did the James Helen,one of the sociologists who did the studystudy.Many menMany men say that they have say that they have moremore duties duties than than women.women.A man has to make money to support(A man has to make money to support(养活养活)his family and)his family and to make the important decision,so to make the important decision,so it is right for it is right for men to be paid moremen to be paid more.Some are even against their.Some are even against their wives working at all.When wives go out to work,they wives working at all.When wives go out to work,they say,the home and children cannot besay,the home and children cannot be现在学习的是第13页，共34页taken good care of.If women take full-time jobs,taken good care of.If women take full-time jobs,they wont they wont be able tobe able to do what they do what they are best at are best at doingdoing:making a nice home and bringing up the:making a nice home and bringing up the children.children.Some womenSome women disagree.They say they want to get disagree.They say they want to get out of their homes and to have freedom(out of their homes and to have freedom(自由自由)to)to choose choose betweenbetween work work andand home life.Women have the home life.Women have the right of equal pay and equal chances(right of equal pay and equal chances(平等机会平等机会).).Anne HarperAnne Harper has a very good job.She also has a very good job.She also believes in“Womens Liberation(believes in“Womens Liberation(解放解放).”“).”“I I dont wish I were a mandont wish I were a man,”she says,“and I,”she says,“and I dont think many women do.But I do wish people dont think many women do.But I do wish people would stop treating(would stop treating(对待对待)us like secondclass)us like secondclass people.people.现在学习的是第14页，共34页 At work,for example,we usually do the work At work,for example,we usually do the work that men do but get paid less.There are still a that men do but get paid less.There are still a lot of jobs only to menusually they are lot of jobs only to menusually they are the best ones.If you are a man,you have a the best ones.If you are a man,you have a much much betterbetter chance of living a wonderful life.How chance of living a wonderful life.How many women scientists are thereor many women scientists are thereor engineers?”engineers?”现在学习的是第15页，共34页()1.many men think_.()1.many men think_.A.women cant do what men can A.women cant do what men can B.men have to work much harder than B.men have to work much harder than womenwomen C.men can make money more easily than C.men can make money more easily than womenwomen D.womens duty is mainly to do D.womens duty is mainly to do housework at homehousework at home现在学习的是第16页，共34页()2.Some women have different ideas,They()2.Some women have different ideas,They say that_.say that_.A.women need chances to go out of the home A.women need chances to go out of the home more oftenmore oftenB.women want more freedom in deciding the B.women want more freedom in deciding the kind of life they wantkind of life they wantC.if women are given equal pay,they can do C.if women are given equal pay,they can do everything instead of meneverything instead of menD.women are no longer interested in taking D.women are no longer interested in taking care of their homescare of their homes现在学习的是第17页，共34页()3.Anne Harper didnt wish to be a()3.Anne Harper didnt wish to be a man_.man_.A.because she believed in“Womens Liberation”A.because she believed in“Womens Liberation”B.but she wished to get the same jobs as menB.but she wished to get the same jobs as menC.because she had got a good job C.because she had got a good job D.but she wished to treated the same as a manD.but she wished to treated the same as a man现在学习的是第18页，共34页()4.Anne Harper thought that_.()4.Anne Harper thought that_.A.women should live a better life than men A.women should live a better life than men B.women should be really liberatedB.women should be really liberatedC.women should be given better jobs than menC.women should be given better jobs than menD.women should live a more wonderful lifeD.women should live a more wonderful life现在学习的是第19页，共34页()5.Which of the following is not true()5.Which of the following is not true according to the passage?according to the passage?A.There are more men scientists,engineers than A.There are more men scientists,engineers than women ones.women ones.B.Women are secondclass people,so they B.Women are secondclass people,so they shouldnt live a better life.shouldnt live a better life.C.Women do the same jobs as men,but get paid C.Women do the same jobs as men,but get paid less than men.less than men.D.There are some best Jobs that women have few D.There are some best Jobs that women have few chances to take.chances to take.现在学习的是第20页，共34页 Have you ever held a toy balloon(Have you ever held a toy balloon(气球气球)?)?They are very light.But there are much bigger They are very light.But there are much bigger balloons.These balloons can fly very high up in balloons.These balloons can fly very high up in the sky.They are the sky.They are big enough tobig enough to carry people.carry people.They are called hotThey are called hot-air balloons.air balloons.To make a hot To make a hot-air balloon go up,air balloon go up,turn on the turn on the burnerburner(燃烧器燃烧器).That will make the air inside the).That will make the air inside the balloon hotter.Then the balloon will go up.balloon hotter.Then the balloon will go up.To make the balloon go down,turn off the burner.To make the balloon go down,turn off the burner.The air inside the balloon will get cooler.Then The air inside the balloon will get cooler.Then the balloon will go down.the balloon will go down.现在学习的是第21页，共34页 Underneath(Underneath(在在下面下面)the balloon there is a large)the balloon there is a large basket.That is where the pilot(basket.That is where the pilot(飞行员飞行员)and the)and the passengers(passengers(乘客乘客)go.)go.The burner is just above the basket.You can stand The burner is just above the basket.You can stand in the basket and turn the burner on and off.The in the basket and turn the burner on and off.The balloon will go where the wind blows it.Do you want balloon will go where the wind blows it.Do you want the balloon to go somewhere special?First the balloon to go somewhere special?First make suremake sure the wind is blowing the right way!the wind is blowing the right way!People have been flying in hot-air balloons for over People have been flying in hot-air balloons for over two hundred years.Before planes it was the only way of two hundred years.Before planes it was the only way of flying.Today people fly in hot air balloons flying.Today people fly in hot air balloons for funfor fun.Some people like to race hot-air balloons.The first Hot-Some people like to race hot-air balloons.The first Hot-Air Balloon World Championship(Air Balloon World Championship(锦标赛锦标赛)was held in 1973.)was held in 1973.现在学习的是第22页，共34页 ()1.Ahot-airballoonis_.A.smallerthanatoyballoonB.biggerthanatoyballoonC.thesameasatoyballoonD.lighterthanatoyballoon1 1、B B 由由“But they are much bigger balloons.But they are much bigger balloons.”可知。可知。这里的比较级是与前面这里的比较级是与前面“a toy balloona toy balloon”相比较。相比较。现在学习的是第23页，共34页()2.Where will you sit if you want to fly in()2.Where will you sit if you want to fly in the balloon?the balloon?A.Inside the basket.A.Inside the basket.B.On top of the balloonB.On top of the balloonC.Under the basketC.Under the basketD.Inside the balloonD.Inside the balloon2 2、A A 这是一篇有关热气球的科普文章，需要考生熟知有这是一篇有关热气球的科普文章，需要考生熟知有关热气球的基本常识。热气球有燃烧器（也可叫加热器）关热气球的基本常识。热气球有燃烧器（也可叫加热器），打开燃烧器，气球内气体被加热，气球会上升，反之，打开燃烧器，气球内气体被加热，气球会上升，反之就下降。气球下面是一个大篮子，飞行员或乘客在此处，就下降。气球下面是一个大篮子，飞行员或乘客在此处，燃烧器在篮子上方。热气球总要随风向飞行。燃烧器在篮子上方。热气球总要随风向飞行。现在学习的是第24页，共34页()3.You want the balloon to go up.So you()3.You want the balloon to go up.So you will _.will _.A.jump out if the balloon A.jump out if the balloon B.let the air out of the balloonB.let the air out of the balloonC.make the air inside the balloon hotter C.make the air inside the balloon hotter D.let the air inside the balloon cool downD.let the air inside the balloon cool down3 3、C C 由第二段的叙述可知。由第二段的叙述可知。现在学习的是第25页，共34页()4.Now you are high up in the sky.If you want()4.Now you are high up in the sky.If you want the balloon go down,you will _.the balloon go down,you will _.A.A.make your friends get out of the basketmake your friends get out of the basketB.B.make a hole in the balloon with a knifemake a hole in the balloon with a knifeC.C.make the air inside the balloon hottermake the air inside the balloon hotterD.D.make the air inside the balloon coolermake the air inside the balloon cooler 4 4、D D 由第三段的叙述可知。由第三段的叙述可知。现在学习的是第26页，共34页()5.Now everything is all right!The()5.Now everything is all right!The balloon is flying across the sky.Where are balloon is flying across the sky.Where are you going?you going?A.Towards the sun.A.Towards the sun.B.To the seaside.B.To the seaside.C.Where the wind blows you.C.Where the wind blows you.D.To the nearest mountains.D.To the nearest mountains.5 5、C C 由第六段的叙述可知。由第六段的叙述可知。现在学习的是第27页，共34页(4)(4)Bob was happy.He was at a new school,and Bob was happy.He was at a new school,and the otherthe other students were friendly.“Hi,Bob!”students were friendly.“Hi,Bob!”they said.But some students said,“Hi,Peter!”they said.But some students said,“Hi,Peter!”Bob didnt understand.He asked another student,Bob didnt understand.He asked another student,“Why do some students“Why do some students call me Petercall me Peter?”?”“Oh,thats easy to answer,”the students“Oh,thats easy to answer,”the students said.“Pete was a student here last year.said.“Pete was a st