句子成分(要的)课件.ppt

关于句子成分(要的)现在学习的是第1页，共41页英语句子成分有八种英语句子成分有八种:句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主要成分有主语和谓语主语和谓语；次要成分有次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。现在学习的是第2页，共41页句子成分详解句子成分详解句子成分句子成分意意义义充当充当词类词类例句例句主主语语表示句子表示句子说说的是什么人或什么的是什么人或什么事事名，代，数，不定名，代，数，不定式，式，动动名名词词，短，短语语或或句子句子We study in HuangQiao Middle School.谓语谓语说说明主明主语语做什么，是什么或怎做什么，是什么或怎么么样样动词动词或或动词词组动词词组She is dancing under the tree.宾语宾语表示表示动动作行作行为为的的对对象象同主同主语语Both of us like English.表表语语与与联联系系动词连动词连用，一起构成用，一起构成谓谓语语，说说明主明主语语的性的性质质或特征或特征同主同主语语Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定定语语用来修用来修饰饰名名词词或代或代词词形，代，数，名形，代，数，名,副，介副，介词词短短语语或句子或句子We have eight lessons every day.状状语语修修饰动词饰动词，形容，形容词词，副，副词词，表，表示示动动作作发发生的生的时间时间，地点，原，地点，原因，目的，方式，因，目的，方式，结结果等果等副副词词，介，介词词短短语语或句或句子子He works very hard.They held a party in Hollywood.宾语宾语补补足足语语逻辑逻辑上与上与宾语宾语是主是主谓谓关系关系形容形容词词，名，名词词，介，介词词短短语语等等She always keeps the house clean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！现在学习的是第3页，共41页1.I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语现在学习的是第4页，共41页1.主语主语(Subject)：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，常位于句首。主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，常位于句首。但在但在there be结构、疑问句（主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，结构、疑问句（主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后。主语可由下列结构表示。主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后。主语可由下列结构表示。1)During the 1990s,American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）（名词）2)We often speak English in class.（代词）（代词）3)One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）（数词）4)The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）（名词化的形容词）5)To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）（不定式）6)Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）（动名词）7)When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）（主语从句）8)It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）现在学习的是第5页，共41页2.谓语谓语(Predicate)：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。1)简单谓语：简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成由一个动词或动词短语构成。He practices running every morning.2)复合谓语：复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.（2）由系动词加表语构成由系动词加表语构成。We are students.现在学习的是第6页，共41页3.表语表语(Predicative)：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。等）之后。表语一般由下列结构表示。表语一般由下列结构表示。1)Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）（名词）2)Is it yours?（代词）（代词）3)The weather has turned cold.（形容词）（形容词）4)The speech is exciting.（分词）（分词）5)Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）（数词）6)His job is to teach English.（不定式）（不定式）7)His hobby is playing football.（动名词）（动名词）8)The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）（介词短语）9)Time is up.The class is over.（副词）（副词）10)The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）（表语从句）现在学习的是第7页，共41页在系动词后的部分就是表语在系动词后的部分就是表语常见的系动词有常见的系动词有:be(am,is,are,were,was)状态：状态：seem,appear,prove-感官：感官：smell,feel,taste,sound,look变化：变化：become,get,turn,go,come,grow持续：持续：remain,stay,keep,现在学习的是第8页，共41页4.宾语宾语(Object)：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。动词和介词后面。宾语种类宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）直接宾语）Lend me your dictionary.（2）复合宾语（宾语）复合宾语（宾语+宾补）宾补）They elected him their monitor.1)They went to see an exhibition yesterday.（名词）（名词）2)The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词）（代词）3)How many dictionaries do you have?I have five.（数词）（数词）4)They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）（名词化形容词）5)He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）（不定式短语）6)I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）（动名词短语）7)I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）（宾语从句）8)He found it hard to solve the problem.（it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的不定式）作形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的不定式）现在学习的是第9页，共41页5.宾语补足语宾语补足语(Object Complement)：英语中有些及物动词，英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意除有一个直接宾语外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。义完整。1)His father named him Dongming.（名词）（名词）2)They painted their boat white.（形容词）（形容词）3)Let the fresh air in.（副词）（副词）4)You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）（不定式短语）5)We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）（现在分词）6)We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）（介词短语）7)We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）（从句）现在学习的是第10页，共41页主动语态变成被动语态后主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变成主补宾语补足语变成主补.I last saw him playing near the river.He was last seen playing near the river.The teacher caught the student cheating in the examThe student was caught cheating in the exam We made him monitor.He was made monitor.He pushed the door open.The door was pushed open.现在学习的是第11页，共41页6.定语定语(Attribute)：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。1)Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）（形容词）2)China is a developing country;America is a developed country.（分词）（分词）3)There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）（名词）4)His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）（代词）5)Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）（不定式短语）6)The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）（动名词）7)He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）（介词短语）8)He has a sister who works in Hong Kong.(定语从句定语从句)现在学习的是第12页，共41页7.状语状语(adverbial modifier)：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。1)Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）（副词及副词性词组）2)He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）（介词短语）3)He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）（不定式短语）4)He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）（分词短语）5)Wait a minute.（名词）（名词）6)Once you begin,you must continue.（状语从句）（状语从句）现在学习的是第13页，共41页状语有如下状语有如下10种：种：1)How about meeting again at six?（时间）（时间）2)Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因）（原因）3)I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（条件）（条件）4)Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点）（地点）5)She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式）（方式）6)She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随）（伴随）7)In order to catch up with the others,I must work harder.（目的）（目的）8)He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果）（结果）9)She works very hard though she is old.（让步）（让步）10)I am taller than he is.（比较）（比较）现在学习的是第14页，共41页指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分 1.The students got on the school bus.2.He handed me the newspaper.3.I shall answer your question after class.4.What a beautiful Chinese painting!5.They went hunting together early in the morning.6.His job is to train swimmers.7.He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8.There is going to be an American film tonight.9.He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10.His wish is to become a scientist.现在学习的是第15页，共41页指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分 11.He managed to finish the work in time.12.Tom came to ask me for advice.13.He found it important to master English.14.Do you have anything else to say?15.To be honest;your pronunciation is not so good.16.Would you please tell me your address?17.He sat there,reading a newspaper.18.It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19.He noticed a man enter the room.20.The apples tasted sweet.现在学习的是第16页，共41页v1)Mr.Lee is a well-known scientist.v2)He reads newspapers everyday.v3)Two and ten is twelve.v4)Smoking is harmful to the health.v5)To swim in that pool is a great pleasure.v6)What we shall do next is not yet decided.现在学习的是第17页，共41页 v1)The new term begins on the 1st of September.v2)I would like to invite all my friends here.v3)I have tried this way three times.v4)We should pay attention to the English idioms.v5)He is working in the garden.现在学习的是第18页，共41页v1)Wangs father is a doctor.（名词）（名词）v2)He is always careless.（形容词）（形容词）v3)The basketball match is on.（副词）（副词）v4)All the pupils are on the playground now.（介词短语）（介词短语）v5)Our aim is to win more medals.（不定式）（不定式）v6)His work is teaching French.（动名词短语）（动名词短语）v7)The question is who can really repair the machines.v （从句）（从句）现在学习的是第19页，共41页v1)Wang Ling lent me a novel to read in the bus.v2)The medicine is good for this boy.v3)Do you understand what I mean?v4)My little sister always likes to ask questions.v5)Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow?现在学习的是第20页，共41页vI found it difficult to finish the task in time.vDo you consider it any good sending more people there?vWe have made it clear that we disagreed.Wang Ling lent me a novel to read in the bus.现在学习的是第21页，共41页。vMary is a chemistry teacher.vHe is our friend.vWe belong to the third world.vHe was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.vThe man over there is my old friend.现在学习的是第22页，共41页The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.The boys playing football are in Class 2.The trees planted last year are growing well now.I have an idea to do it well.You should do everything that I do.现在学习的是第23页，共41页v1)She sings quite well.（副词）（副词）v2)On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom.（介词短语）（介词短语）v3)Arriving there,call me up.v4)The boy needs a pen to do his homework.v5)If I have some spare time,I will take up German.v6)He is very handsome.现在学习的是第24页，共41页 He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.现在学习的是第25页，共41页vWe elected him monitor.（名词）（名词）vWe will make them happy.（形容词）（形容词）vWe found nobody in.(副词作宾补副词作宾补)vPlease make yourself at home.（介词短语）（介词短语）vDont let him do that.（省（省to不定式名词）不定式名词）vHis father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.v（带（带to不定式名词）不定式名词）vDont keep the fire burning.（现在分词名词）（现在分词名词）vIll have my bike repaired.（过去分词名词）（过去分词名词）现在学习的是第26页，共41页The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。名词名词：The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。副词副词：The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。不定式不定式：The boy to write this letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。There is nothing to do today./今天无事要做。分词（短语）分词（短语）：The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的。There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。There are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个。现在学习的是第27页，共41页介词短语：In the classroom,the boy needs a pen./在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。（地点）Before his mother,Tom is always a boy./在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件)On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间)分词（短语）分词（短语）He sits there,asking for a pen./他坐在那儿要一支笔。（表示伴随状态）Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen./因为不得不完成作业，男孩需要一支笔。（原因）Frightened,he sits there soundlessly./（因为）受了惊吓，他无声地坐在那儿。（原因）不定式不定式：The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。（目的）To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣.名词：Come this way!/走这条路！（方向状语）现在学习的是第28页，共41页(二)选出句中谓语（10分，10分钟）I dont like the picture on the wall.A.dont B.like C.picture D.wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A.get B.longer C.days D.summer Do you usually go to school by bus?A.Do B.usually C.go D.bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A.will be B.meeting C.the library D.afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.Did B.twins C.have D.breakfast现在学习的是第29页，共41页 Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.A.Tom B.didnt C.do D.his homework What I want to tell you is this.A.want B.to tell C.you D.is We had better send for a doctor.A.We B.had C.send D.doctor He is interested in music.A.is B.interested C.in D.music Whom did you give my book to?A.give B.did C.whom D.book现在学习的是第30页，共41页(三)挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟）My brother hasnt done his homework.People all over the world speak English.You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.How many new words did you learn last class?Some of the students in the school want to go swimming,how about you?The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.They made him monitor of the class.Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.You will find it useful after you leave school.They didnt know who Father Christmas really is.现在学习的是第31页，共41页(四)挑出下列句中的表语（5分，5分钟）The old man was feeling very tired.Why is he worried about Jim?The leaves have turned yellow.Soon They all became interested in the subject.She was the first to learn about it.现在学习的是第32页，共41页(五)挑出下列句中的定语（6分，6分钟）They use Mr,Mrs with the family name.What is your given name?On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.The man downstairs was trying to sleep.I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!现在学习的是第33页，共41页(六)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语（6分，6分钟）She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.He asked her to take the boy out of school.She found it difficult to do the work.They call me Lily sometimes.I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?现在学习的是第34页，共41页(七)挑出下列句中的状语（8分，8分钟）There was a big smile on her face.Every night he heard the noise upstairs.He began to learn English when he was eleven.The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.With the medicine box under her arm,Miss Li hurried off.She loves the library because she loves books.I am afraid that if youve lost it,you must pay for it.The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.现在学习的是第35页，共41页(八)划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语（5分，5分钟）Please tell us a story.My father bought a new bike for me last week.Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.Did he leave any message for me?现在学习的是第36页，共41页句子成分练习题句子成分练习题(二二)指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分：1.Whether well go depend on the weather.2.Peoples standards of living are going up steadily.3.That was how they were defeated.4.The nursery takes good care of our children.5.Ill return the book to you tomorrow.6.We are sure that we shall succeed.7.The woman with a baby in her arms is his other.8.There are many film that Id like to see.9.Have you met the person about whom he was speaking?10.I have a lot of work to do.现在学习的是第37页，共41页11.Anyway I wont stop you from doing it.12.I said it in fun.13.We can send a car over to fetch you.14.She had to work standing up.15.Seeing this,some comrades became very worried.16.Much interested,he agreed to give it a try.17.The bus arrived ten minutes late.18.We should serve the people heart and soul.19.Spring coming on,the tree turned green.20.Some farmers saw something strange in the sky.现在学习的是第38页，共41页21.We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting.22.Its strange that she doesnt come today.23.It was in the library that I come today.24.He likes drawing at times when he isnt working.25.We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.现在学习的是第39页，共41页Thank you!现在学习的是第40页，共41页感感谢谢大大家家观观看看现在学习的是第41页，共41页