初中英语语法系列被动语态课件.ppt

关于初中英语语法系列被动语态现在学习的是第1页，共26页1.Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.2.English is spoken by many people.4.Lucky 52 is watched on TV by many people.3.The tickets about heroes are sold out.5.Rice is planted in South China.6.He is said a good boy.现在学习的是第2页，共26页语态：表示语态：表示主语主语和和谓语动词谓语动词之间的关系。之间的关系。英语有英语有两种语态两种语态，即，即主动语态主动语态和和被动语态被动语态。主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。被主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。如：如：Many students study English.(主动语态主动语态)English is studied by many students.(被动语态被动语态)语态语态现在学习的是第3页，共26页 助动词助动词be有人称、数的变化有人称、数的变化,其变化规则与其变化规则与be作作为连系动词时一样。为连系动词时一样。如：如：The desk is made of wood.The desks are made of wood.被动语态的结构被动语态的结构助动词助动词be+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词不同的时态有不同的被动语态结构不同的时态有不同的被动语态结构1.1.一般现在时的被动语态结构：一般现在时的被动语态结构：现在学习的是第4页，共26页by many students.1.Many students study English.Englishis studied2.They make shoes in that factory.Shoesare madeby them in that factory.现在学习的是第5页，共26页1.把主动语态的把主动语态的宾语宾语变为被动语态的变为被动语态的主语主语。2.把主动语态的把主动语态的谓语谓语变为被动语态的变为被动语态的谓语谓语。3.把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的by 短语。（短语。（by短语可以省。短语可以省。by短语短语 后跟代词的宾格。）后跟代词的宾格。）by the teacher.3.The teacher often asks him questions.Heis askedquestions现在学习的是第6页，共26页1.找宾语找宾语-即动作的承受者即动作的承受者They make shoes in that factory.Shoes2.判断宾语的单复数判断宾语的单复数-即即be动词的单复数动词的单复数.are made3.判断动词的时态判断动词的时态-即即be动词的时态动词的时态.4.修改谓语的时态修改谓语的时态-即原句动词改为过去分词即原句动词改为过去分词 5.修改原句的主语修改原句的主语-即即by+主语主语/宾语宾语.by them.主变被解题步骤主变被解题步骤宾变主宾变主,主放后主放后,前加前加byby动变被动变被,看清看清be,be,结构分别结构分别be+ppbe+pp现在学习的是第7页，共26页They play football on Sunday.Lucy does the homework in the evening.They often use computers in class.We make these machines in Beijing.Football is played by them on Sunday.The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.Computers are often used by them in class.These machines are made in Beijing.现在学习的是第8页，共26页肯定句肯定句：主语：主语be+过去分词过去分词(by)否定句否定句：主语：主语be not 过去分词过去分词(by)一般疑问句一般疑问句：Be 主语过去分词主语过去分词(by)?特殊疑问句特殊疑问句：疑问词疑问词be主语主语+过去分词过去分词(by)被动语态的被动语态的时态时态是由是由be的时态决定的，的时态决定的，be是什是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后面的过去分词动词后面的过去分词不变。不变。by many students.English is studied现在学习的是第9页，共26页1.They bought ten computers last term by them last term.2.2.一般过去时的被动语态结构：一般过去时的被动语态结构：was/were+过去分词过去分词last year.2.We planted many trees last year.Many treeswere plantedTen computerswere bought现在学习的是第10页，共26页They built the tall building last year.He took good care of his little brother yesterday.We cleaned our classroom just now.They used this room for resting.The tall building was built by them last year.His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.This room was used for resting by them.现在学习的是第11页，共26页3.3.现在进行时的被动语态的结构现在进行时的被动语态的结构is/am/are+being 过去分词过去分词1.Some workers are painting the rooms nowby some workers now.The roomsare being painted2.He is washing his jacket.His jacketis being washed by him.现在学习的是第12页，共26页They are building a new house.He is looking for his new pen.We are cleaning our classroom windows now.They are cooking a rich dinner for Spring Festival.A new house is being built by them.His new pen is being looked for by him.Our classroom windows are being cleaned by us.A rich dinner is being cooked by them for Spring Festival.现在学习的是第13页，共26页4.4.一般将来时的被动语态结构：一般将来时的被动语态结构：will be+过去分词过去分词1.They will finish the work in ten days.by them in ten days.The workwill be finished2.Tom will clean the room tomorrow.The roomwill be cleanedbyTom tomorrow.现在学习的是第14页，共26页We will hold a sports meeting next week.Children will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow.The headmaster will give a talk this afternoon.A sports meeting will be held by us next week.Some photos will be taken by children in the school tomorrow.A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternoon.现在学习的是第15页，共26页5.5.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：含有情态动词的被动语态结构：can/may/must/should+be+过去分词过去分词1.Amy can take good care of Gina by Amy.Ginacan be taken good care of2.You should drink more water.More water should be drunkby you.现在学习的是第16页，共26页1.He can take care of the baby.2.Lucy may draw the pictures.3.You must turn off the lights.4.They should learn English well.The baby can be taken care of by him.The picture may be drawn by Lucy.The lights must be turned off by you.English should be learned well by them.现在学习的是第17页，共26页6.6.现在完成时的被动语态的结构现在完成时的被动语态的结构have/has been 过去分词过去分词1.We have made twenty more keysby us.Twenty more keyshave been made2.We have finished our compositions.Our compositionshave been finishedby us.现在学习的是第18页，共26页1.We have cleaned doors and windows.2.Lucy has painted three pictures till now.3.They have mended the car for the old man.4.He has kept the book for two days.Doors and windows have been cleaned by us.Three pictures have been painted by Lucy till now.The car has been mended by them for the old man.The book has been kept by him for two days.现在学习的是第19页，共26页表格：被动态基本结构时态时态被动语态结构被动语态结构一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时am/is/are donewas/were doneam/is/are being donewas/were being donewill be donewould be donehave/has been donehad been done现在学习的是第20页，共26页Such books are written for children.这些书是为儿童写的这些书是为儿童写的被动语态的用法被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁.Its said/believed/reported/known+that Its reported that about three hundred people were killed in this earthquake.据报道，这次地震中大约有三百人死亡。据报道，这次地震中大约有三百人死亡。（2）强调动作的承受者，这时应用）强调动作的承受者，这时应用by短语。短语。The cup was broken by David.（3）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型.现在学习的是第21页，共26页如：如：如：如：1.He gave meme a book.a book.I was given a book by him.was given a book by him.（以（以I I做主语）做主语）做主语）做主语）A book was given to me by Tom.was given to me by Tom.（以物（以物book作主语）作主语）作主语）作主语）2.He teaches usus EnglishEnglish.WeWe are taught English by him.（以人当主语）（以人当主语）（以人当主语）（以人当主语）EnglishEnglish is taught to us by him.（以物作主语）（以物作主语）（以物作主语）（以物作主语）被动语态的几种类型被动语态的几种类型1.带双宾语句子的被动语态.（指物的宾语叫直接宾语，（指物的宾语叫直接宾语，指人的宾语叫间接宾语）指人的宾语叫间接宾语）常见的接双宾语的动词有常见的接双宾语的动词有常见的接双宾语的动词有常见的接双宾语的动词有:to:pass,give,teach,show,bring,hand for:make,buy,draw,sing,get,以以“人人”当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样；当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样；以以“物物”当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前必须加当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前必须加toto或或for.for.现在学习的是第22页，共26页keep,make 三类的动词常常有宾语补足三类的动词常常有宾语补足 语，语，在被动在被动语态中，宾语补足语位置不变。语态中，宾语补足语位置不变。We keep food fresh in the fridge.主主 谓谓 宾宾 宾补宾补 Food is kept fresh in the fridge.I saw him go into the office building.2.含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态现在学习的是第23页，共26页 不及物动词没有宾语，因此没有被动语态。不及物动词没有宾语，因此没有被动语态。但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些词但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些词类构成短语动词之后，其作用相当于及物动词，类构成短语动词之后，其作用相当于及物动词，可以接宾语，因而也可以变为被动语态。在变可以接宾语，因而也可以变为被动语态。在变成被动语态时，不能去掉构成短语动词的介词成被动语态时，不能去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词或副词.They take good care of my child.My child is taken good care of.I turned off the radio.The radio was turned off(by me)3.含有短语的主动语态变被动语态含有短语的主动语态变被动语态现在学习的是第24页，共26页即即feel,hear,listen,have,make,let,look,watch,see,notice，这些词在主动句中，其，这些词在主动句中，其后的动词不定式不加后的动词不定式不加to，但变被动句时必须，但变被动句时必须加加to.1.I saw him play basketball last Sunday.Hewas seento play basketball last Sunday.2.We heard them sing in the classroom.Theywas heardto sing in the classroom.4.4.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态感官动词和使役动词的被动语态现在学习的是第25页，共26页感谢大家观看2022/9/26现在学习的是第26页，共26页